1、Designation: A1049/A1049M 10Standard Specification forStainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), forPressure Vessels and Related Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1049/A1049M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex)stainless steel
3、 forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and asso-ciated equipment in grades that are also found in SpecificationA182/A182M.1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract anyappropriate supplementary requirements that are provided inSpecification A788/A788M.1.3 Unless the order specifies the
4、 applicable “M” specifica-tion designation the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the textand tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values statedin each system
5、may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy andStainless Steel Pipe
6、 Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valvesand Parts for High-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus-tenitic Steel ForgingsA788/A788M Sp
7、ecification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental IntermetallicPhase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless SteelsE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryG48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resis-tance of Stainl
8、ess Steels and Related Alloys by Use ofFerric Chloride Solution2.2 Other Standards:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code3NACE MR0175/ISO15156 Petroleum and Natural GasIndustriesMaterials for Use in H2SContaining Envi-ronments in Oil and Gas Production43. Ordering Information and General Requirements3
9、.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, product analysis variations, and additional supp
10、le-mentary requirements.3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.3.1.2 The purchaser may require that the forging be ma-chined to an approved heat treatment drawing indicating
11、 theproposed configuration of the forging at the time of thespecified solution heat treatment.3.1.3 The purchaser may approve the use of an alternateliquid quenching medium for cooling from the solution treat-ment temperature.3.2 The purchaser shall specify the acceptance criteria foreither Methods
12、B or C of Test MethodsA923, if supplementaryrequirement S1 is selected.3.3 The purchaser shall specify the required minimumpitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) value determinedaccording to the applicable equation in Table 1.3.4 When Practice A745/A745M is the basis for ultrasonicexamination i
13、n accordance with 7.1, the purchaser shall specifywhether Quality levels 1 or 2 form the basis for acceptance.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and B
14、illets.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A1049/A1049M 06.DOI: 10.1520/A1049_A1049M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
15、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.4Available from National Association
16、of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), 1440South Creek Dr., Houston, TX 77084-4906.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Supplementary requirement S4 permits the pur
17、chaser tospecify Practice A388/A388M in lieu of Practice A745/A745M, in which case the purchaser must also specify theacceptance criteria.3.5 When Supplementary requirement S3, for pitting corro-sion testing, of Test Methods G48 is specified, the purchasershall identify the method and test temperatu
18、re to be used.3.6 When Supplementary requirement S5 for the liquidpenetrant examination of forgings in the final machined con-figuration is specified, the purchaser shall specify the necessaryacceptance criteria, if the requirements of S19 in SpecificationA788/A788M are not sufficient.4. Materials a
19、nd Manufacture4.1 Steel melting and forging shall be in accordance withSpecification A788/A788M.4.2 Heat Treatment:4.2.1 Forgings may be machined before solution annealingat the manufacturers option, unless the purchaser requires thatmachining to a prescribed configuration be done before heattreatme
20、nt (see 3.2).4.2.2 All forgings shall be reheated to the required tempera-ture for solution treatment followed, unless otherwise agreedwith the purchaser, by water quenching. With the purchasersconsent (see 3.1.3) some other liquid quenching medium maybe used to rapidly cool the forging.4.2.3 The so
21、lution treatment temperature is dependant onthe ordered Grade or composition (UNS number) and shall beas listed in Table 2.4.2.4 The forgings shall be held at the specified solutiontreatment temperature for a minimum of 30 min per inch ofmaximum heat-treated section thickness.5. Chemical Requirement
22、s5.1 The heat analysis taken in accordance with SpecificationA788/A788M shall comply with Table 1 for the ordered Grade.5.2 A PREN value is included as a requirement in Table 1depending on the specified Grade and this will further restrictthe chemical requirements.5.3 The manufacturer shall use the
23、product analysis provi-sions of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a product analy-sis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.5.4 Dual marking is permitted when the actual values of thelisted elements match two or more of the Grades in Table 1;however, grade substitution such as comb
24、ining a tungstenbearing Grade with one that has no requirement for tungsten isnot permitted.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to the re-quirements for mechanical properties prescribed in Table 3.The mechanical testing requirements of Test Methods A370and Specificatio
25、n A788/A788M apply.6.2 Number of Tension TestsThe number and location oftension tests are based on the solution-treated weight of theforging(s) from the same heat and solution treated in the samefurnace charge.6.2.1 For forgings weighing less than 5000 lb 2250 kg asheat treated one tension test shal
26、l be required. This may betaken from an integral prolongation from one forging or froma forged test bar. Separate forged test bars shall have beenforged in the same manner, and with equivalent forgingreduction as the forgings they represent, and shall not be lessthan the represented forgings in heat
27、-treated section thickness.6.2.1.1 When solution treatment is performed in acontinuous-type furnace, equipped with recording pyrometers,such that complete heating records are available, a solutionannealing charge may be considered as any continuous run forforgings from the same heat not exceeding 8
28、h.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade F50AF51AF52AF53AF54BF55BF57BF59AF60AF61AUNS No. S31200AS31803AS32950AS32750AS39274BS32760BS39277BS32520AS32205AS32550ACarbon, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.04Manganese, max 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.50 2.00 1.50Phosphorous
29、, max 0.045 0.030 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.035 0.030 0.040Sulfur, max 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.002 0.020 0.020 0.030Silicon, max 1.00 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.80 1.00 0.80 0.80 1.00 1.00Nickel 5.5-6.5 4.5-6.5 3.5-5.2 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.5-8.0 5.5-8.0 4.5-6.5 4.5-6.5Chromium 24.0-26
30、.0 21.0-23.0 26.0-29.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 22.0-23.0 24.0-27.0Molybdenum 1.20-2.00 2.5-3.5 1.00-2.50 3.0-5.0 2.5-3.5 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.0 3.0-5.0 3.0-3.5 2.9-3.9Nitrogen 0.14-0.20 0.08-0.20 0.15-0.35 0.240.32 0.24-0.32 0.20-0.30 0.23-0.33 0.20-0.35 0.14-0.20 0.10-0.25Copper
31、. . . . . . . . . 0.50 max 0.20-0.80 0.50-1.00 1.20-2.00 0.50-3.00 . . . 1.50-2.50Tungsten . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50-2.50 0.50-1.00 0.80-1.20 . . . . . . . . .APREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo) + 16(N)BPREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo +12 W) + 16(N)NOTEThe required PREN value for both the tungsten bearing forging Grades wit
32、h the superscript B and the non-tungsten bearing Grades with thesuperscript A frequently lies between 33 and 40 depending on service experience, so that the Purchaser shall specify the required minimum PREN value(see 3.3).TABLE 2 Solution Heat TreatmentUNSDesignationGradeSolution TemperatureF CWater
33、 QuenchAto Below F CS31200 F 50 1925 1050 min 200 95S31803 F 51 1870 1020 min 200 95S32950 F 52 1825-1875 1000-1025 200 95S32750 F 53 1880 1025 min 200 95S39274 F 54 1920-2060 1050-1125 200 95S32760 F 55 2010-2085 1100-1140 200 95S39277 F 57 1940 1060 min 200 95S32520 F 59 1975-2050 1080-1120 200 95
34、S32205 F 60 1870 1020 min 200 95S32550 F 61 1920-2060 1050-1125 200 95AWater quenching is required unless the use of another liquid quenchingmedium is approved by the purchaser (see 3.1.3).A1049/A1049M 1026.2.2 For forgings weighing over 5000 lb 2250 kg as heattreated, one tension test shall be take
35、n from each forging froman integral prolongation.6.3 Test OrientationTension tests shall be oriented in thelongitudinal direction, that is, parallel to the direction ofmaximum working. For upset forged disks the test specimenaxis may be oriented tangentially to the radius of the forging.6.4 Test Loc
36、ationThe location of the longitudinal axis ofthe tension test specimen shall be located midway between theparallel surfaces of the test extension if added to the peripheryof disks, or midway between the center and surface of solidforgings. For bored or hollow forgings the specimen shall belocated at
37、 midwall. For the special case of forgings that are heattreated solid, but are subsequently bored, the specimen may betaken at the location of the minimum inside diameter afterboring instead of the mid-radius position. For tube sheetsintended for construction to Section VIII of the ASME Boilerand Pr
38、essure Vessel Code, the tension test shall be located inaccordance with Supplementary requirement S12 of Specifica-tion A788/A788M.6.5 Hardness:6.5.1 For the Grades in Table 3 that have hardness limits,one hardness test per forging shall be taken after solution heattreatment.6.5.2 Supplementary requ
39、irement S6 may be specified whenthe application comes under the rules of NACE MR0175/ISO15156.7. Nondestructive Examination7.1 Ultrasonic Examination:7.1.1 After solution treatment and the necessary machiningto comply with the test practice requirements, the forging shallbe examined in accordance wi
40、th PracticeA745/A745M, exceptthat when Supplementary Requirement S4 has been specified,Practice A388/A388M shall be employed.7.1.2 When Practice A745/A745M is used, acceptance shallbe based on Quality Level 1 or 2, as specified by the purchaser.8. Rejection, Certification, and Marking8.1 Rejection,
41、certification, and marking of forgings shall bein accordance with Specification A788/A788M.9. Keywords9.1 austenitic/ferritic stainless steel; duplex stainless steel;forgings; PREN value; pressure vesselsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirement(s) shall apply only when speci
42、fied by the purchaser in thecontract or order. Additional supplementary requirements that may be applicable are included inSpecification A788/A788M.S1. Detrimental Intermetallic Phase DetectionS1.1 Forgings in Grades F51 (S31803), F52 (S32950), andF60 (S32205) shall be subject to detrimental interme
43、tallicphase detection in accordance with Test Methods A923.S1.2 Method A of Test Methods A923 shall be followed byeither Charpy impact testing to Method B or a ferric chloridecorrosion test to Method C at the purchasers option.S1.3 The location of the test specimens for testing tomethods B or C of T
44、est Methods A923 shall be as specified in6.4 unless otherwise denoted by the purchaser.S1.4 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser accep-tance shall be as specified in Test MethodsA923 for the chosentest method.S2. Charpy Impact TestingS2.1 One set of three Charpy V-Notch specimens, preparedand
45、 tested in accordance with Test Methods A370 shall betaken from each tension test location and tested to therequirements of the applicable construction code, or as re-quired by the purchaser.TABLE 3 Tensile Strength and Hardness RequirementsUNSDesignationGradeTensile Strengthksi MPaMinimum or RangeY
46、ield Strength0.2 % Offsetksi MPaMinimumElongation %in 2 in. or 50 mmMinimumReduction of Area% MinimumBrinell HardnessHBMaximumS31200 F 50 100-130 690-900 65 450 25 50 . . .S31803 F 51 90 620 65 450 25 45 . . .S32950 F 52 100 690 70 485 15 45 . . .S32750 F 53 116 800 80 550 15 45 310S39274 F 54 116 8
47、00 80 550 15 30 310S32760 F 55 109-130 750-900 80 550 25 45 . . .S39277 F 57 118 815 85 585 25 50 . . .S32520 F 59 112 770 80 550 25 40 . . .S32205 F 60 95 655 70 485 25 45 . . .S32550 F 61 109 750 80 550 25 50 . . .A1049/A1049M 103S2.2 Test reporting shall include absorbed energy, lateralexpansion,
48、 fracture appearance, and test temperature.S3. Corrosion ResistanceS3.1 Testing for resistance to pitting and crevice corrosionshall be carried out in accordance with Test Methods G48. Thetest temperature shall be as specified by the purchaser (see 3.5)within the guidelines of Test Methods G48, and
49、the actual testtemperature shall be reported.S3.2 The purchaser shall indicate which of the test methodsare to be used as well as the acceptance criteria.S4. Ultrasonic ExaminationS4.1 At the purchasers option Practice A388/A388M shallbe used instead of A745/A745M for ultrasonic examination.S4.2 The purchaser shall specify the examination criteriaincluding the reference hole size for the DAC curve and theacceptance criteria.S5. Liquid Penetrant ExaminationS5.1 For forgings
