1、Designation: A1080 12Standard Practice forHot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloy Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation ; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers general requirements for Hot Iso-static Pressing (HIP) of steel, stainless steel, and related al
3、loycastings.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
4、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A703 Specification for Steel Castings, General Require-ments, for Pressure-Containing PartsA781 Specification for Castings, Steel a
5、nd Alloy, CommonRequirements, for General Industrial UseA957 Specification for Investment Castings, Steel andAlloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseA985 Specification for Steel Investment Castings GeneralRequirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsE220 Test Method for Calibration of The
6、rmocouples ByComparison Techniques2.2 AMS Standards:3AMS 2750 Pyrometry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 autoclave, na pressure-containing vessel used in theHIP process.3.1.2 hot isostatic pressing (HIP), na solid state processwhich applies heat and pressure simultaneously to objects in anautoclav
7、e via an inert gas in such a way as to eliminate internalvoids and obtain desired properties.3.1.3 inert gas, na nonoxidizing gas used for pressurizinga HIP vessel.4. Significance and Use4.1 The authorization or requirement for hot isostatic press-ing (HIP) shall be agreed upon between purchaser and
8、 supplierand must be documented.4.1.1 The Supplementary Requirements of the CommonRequirements Specifications contain a section for authorizationof hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of castings. These CommonRequirements Specifications include, but are not limited to:A703 Specification for Steel Castings,
9、 General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsA781 Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, forGeneral Industrial UseA957 Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Require-ments, for General Industrial UseA985 Specification for Steel Investment Cas
10、tings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts4.2 The HIP processing parameters shall be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and supplier.4.3 When agreed between purchaser and supplier, HIP maybe substituted for required thermal treatment provided allrequirements for that treatment are met
11、.5. Quality Requirements5.1 The HIP process shall at a minimum document and havetraceability for:5.1.1 Operating parameters for each autoclave/vessel usedin production.5.1.2 Software and instrumentation used for control anddocumentation purposes.5.1.3 Gas used to backfill or quench.5.1.4 Contact fix
12、turing within the autoclave.5.2 Methods of gas dilution, replenishment, reuse, andpurification shall be documented in a written procedure.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18
13、on Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. DOI: 10.1520/A1080122For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
14、mmary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Fixtures, plates, trays, spacers, hangers, co
15、ntainers andbaskets shall be made of a material compatible with the partsto be treated or shall be adequately isolated to assure thatundesirable reactions, product contamination and distortionsdo not occur.5.4 Prior to pressurization, adequate care shall be taken toensure that no product contaminati
16、on occurs.6. Autoclave Type/Qualification6.1 Autoclave shall consist of inert gas pressurization,internally heated cold wall pressure vessel type.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, the selection and type ofinert gas shall be at the discretion of the HIP processor.6.3 When argon is used, the gas emanati
17、ng from theautoclave prior to hot isostatic pressing shall be a minimum of99.98% by volume (200 ppm total impurities) as determined byonline gas analysis and shall not exceed the requirementsspecified in Table 1.6.4 When a gas other than argon is used, the type and puritylevel shall be agreed upon b
18、y the purchaser and supplier priorto processing.7. Temperature Uniformity7.1 A temperature uniformity survey shall be conducted at a6 month maximum interval on each HIP unit using a typicalproduction load of parts or material under typical operatingparameters.7.2 Aminimum of two thermocouples for ea
19、ch heating zonein the working volume of the HIP unit shall be used fordetermining temperature uniformity, one positioned at thecenterline and the other at the outside diameter of the heatingzone. More than two thermocouples may be used if desired.7.3 For production HIP cycles, when approaching therm
20、alequilibrium none of the load monitoring thermocouple read-ings shall exceed the selected control temperature by more thanthe allowable tolerance as specified by the purchaser. Afterreaching thermal equilibrium temperature variation of any loadmonitoring thermocouple shall not vary more than the al
21、low-able tolerance as specified by the purchaser.8. Temperature Measurement and Control8.1 Temperature measuring devices shall be provided forthe autoclave. A permanent record of temperature during theentire cycle shall be maintained.8.2 Temperature uniformity measurements shall be madeusing thermoc
22、ouples calibrated to ASTM E220 or AMS 2750.8.3 The accuracy of each instrument shall be determined byusing the equipment manufacturers recommendations.8.4 The temperature control system shall have an accuracyof 60.5 % of the maximum operating temperature over theentire operating temperature range.8.
23、5 After initial qualification, each instruments calibrationshall be verified at an interval of at least every 90 days.9. Pressure Measurement and Control9.1 Pressure measurement shall be made using sensorscalibrated in accordance with the equipment manufacturersrecommendations.9.2 The equipments per
24、formance shall be within the limitssupplied by the manufacturer.9.3 After initial qualification, each instrument shall bere-qualified at a yearly interval.9.4 Pressure levels shall be monitored and maintained asfollows:9.4.1 A minimum of one pressure sensor shall be used tomonitor the pressure of th
25、e working zone.9.4.2 Pressure readings from each sensor shall be recordedduring heat-up and temperature hold at intervals not to exceedfive minutes per sensor.10. Gas Measurement10.1 Gas purity as described in 6.3 shall be determined bygas chromatographic analysis.10.2 Frequency of gas analysis shal
26、l be performed as agreedupon between the purchaser and supplier.11. Keywords11.1 HIP; HIPPing; Densification; Shrinkage; Porosity;Hot Isostatic PressingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Us
27、ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed ever
28、y five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible techni
29、cal committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
30、n, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photoco
31、py the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Argon Gas Purity RequirementsImpurity Element Maximum % by Volume ppm (vol/vol)Nitrogen 0.005% 50Hydrogen 0.0125% 125Oxygen 0.0025% 25Hydrocarbons(as methane, CH4)0.0025% 25Total 0.020% 200Dewpoint (H2O) -45CA1080 122
