1、Designation: A1110/A1110M 18Standard Specification forCold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel StructuralTubing in Rounds and Shapes with 52 KSI 360 MPaMinimum Yield Strength and Impact Requirements1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA1110/A1110M; the number immediately following
2、 the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification co
3、vers cold-formed welded and seam-less carbon steel round, square, rectangular, or special shapestructural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction ofbridges and buildings, and for general structural purposeswhere impact properties are required.1.2 This tubing is produced in both welded and
4、 seamlesssizes with a periphery of 88 in. 2235 mm or less, and aspecified wall thickness from 0.148 in. 4 mm up to 0.875 in.22 mm.1.3 The welded and seamless tubing can be supplied in twodifferent grades each with a specified impact test temperature.Different strength levels, CVN acceptance criteria
5、, and impacttest temperatures than listed may be available. To determinetheir availability, the purchaser should contact the producer(see 4.1.4 and 4.1.13).1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in
6、 brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specificati
7、on is specified in the order.1.5 The text of this specification contains notes and foot-notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes andfootnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not containany mandatory requirements.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
8、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with
9、 internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
10、2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re
11、latedAlloys, and FerroalloysA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetric2.2 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage32.3 Federal Standards:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment32.4 AIAG Standard:B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard43. Terminology3.1 Definitions
12、For definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall containinformation concerning as many of the following items as arerequired to describe the desired material adequately:1This specification is u
13、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. DOI: 10.1520/A1110_A1110M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, vis
14、it the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philad
15、elphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033-7156, http:/www.aiag.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international st
16、andard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1
17、.1 Quantity (feet metres or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of material (cold-formed tubing),4.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded),4.1.4 Grade (A or B) and Test Temperature (1 or 2), or othertensile strength, CVN acceptance criteria, and test temperature,4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and wal
18、l thickness for roundtubing, and outside dimensions and wall thickness for squareand rectangular tubing),4.1.6 Copper-containing steel (see Table 1), if applicable,4.1.7 Length (random, multiple, specific; see 11.3),4.1.8 End condition (see 16.3),4.1.9 Burr removal (see 16.3),4.1.10 Certification (s
19、ee Section 18),4.1.11 ASTM specification designation and year of issue,4.1.12 End use,4.1.13 Special requirements, including flare testing onround tubing or other destructive weld tests to be conducted inlieu of or in addition to those specified, and4.1.14 Bar coding (see 19.3).5. Process5.1 The ste
20、el shall be made by one or more of the followingprocesses: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.5.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strandcast, the steel producer shall identify the resultant transitionmaterial and remove it using an established procedure thatpositively separates the gr
21、ades.6. Manufacture6.1 The tubing shall be made by a seamless or weldingprocess.6.2 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled steel bythe electric-resistance-welding process. The longitudinal buttjoint of welded tubing shall be welded across its thickness insuch a manner that the structural desig
22、n strength of the tubingsection is assured.6.3 The weld shall not be located within the radius of thecorners of any shaped tube unless specified by the purchaser.NOTE 1Welded tubing is normally furnished without removal of theinside flash.7. Heat Analysis7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the r
23、equirementsspecified in Table 1 for heat analysis.8. Product Analysis8.1 The tubing shall be capable of conforming to therequirements specified in Table 1 for product analysis.8.2 If product analyses are made, they shall be made usingtest specimens taken from two lengths of tubing from each lotof 50
24、0 lengths, or fraction thereof, or two pieces of flat-rolledstock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolledstock. Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis shallbe in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-ogy A751. Such product analyses shall conform to the r
25、equire-ments specified in Table 1 for product analysis.8.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail toconform to the specified requirements, the lot shall be rejected.8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails toconform to the specified requirements, product analyses shallbe m
26、ade using two additional test specimens taken from the lot.Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specifiedrequirements or the lot shall be rejected.9. Tensile and Charpy Requirements9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen orspecimens, shall conform to the requirements a
27、s to tensile andCVN properties prescribed in Table 2.9.2 CVN Impact Tests are required for Grades A and B. Thecustomer may select either test temperature with either gradelisted in Table 2. The customer may also request a different testtemperature and CVN acceptance criteria than listed in Table 2.I
28、f a temperature is not specified, then Temperature 1 is thedefault. The acceptance criteria for sub sized specimens shallbe proportional to that of a full size bar in accordance with TestMethods and Definitions A370 or Test Methods A1058.10. Flattening and Flaring Tests10.1 The flattening test shall
29、 be made on round structuraltubing.Aflaring test on round tubing up to and including 10 in.in diameter can be made if stated in the purchase order. Eithera flattening test or a flaring test shall be made on shaped tubingwith a side up to and including 10 in.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementCompos
30、ition, %Grade A, and BCHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon, maxA0.26 0.30Manganese, maxA1.35 1.40Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.045Sulfur, max 0.035 0.045Copper, minB0.20 0.18AFor each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum forcarbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the
31、specified maximum formanganese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50 % by heat analysis and 1.60 %by product analysis.BIf copper-containing steel is specified in the purchase order.CAdditional alloying elements such as Columbium, Vanadium, Titanium, or othersmay be added at the manufacturers discret
32、ion to meet the tensile and CVNrequirements. These additional elements shall be reported.TABLE 2 Tensile and Charpy RequirementsRound and Shaped Structural TubingGrade A Grade BTensile strength, min, psi MPa 65 000 450 70 000 480Yield strength, min, psi MPa 52 000 360 57 000 393Elongation in 2 in. 5
33、0 mm, min, %A19 17Test Temperature, F C 20 29 40 40CVN Minimum Average Impact ft-lbs Jbased on a set of 3 full sizedspecimensB25 34 25 34AThe minimum elongation values specified apply only to tests performed prior toshipment of the tubing.BSee Test Methods and Definitions A370 or Test Methods A1058
34、for acceptancecriteria for sub size specimens.A1110/A1110M 18210.2 For welded round structural tubing, a test specimen atleast 4 in. 100 mm in length shall be flattened cold betweenparallel plates in three steps, with the weld located 90 from theline of direction of force. During the first step, whi
35、ch is a testfor ductility of the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside oroutside surfaces of the test specimen shall be present until thedistance between the plates is less than two-thirds of thespecified outside diameter of the tubing. For the second step,no cracks or breaks on the inside or outs
36、ide parent metalsurfaces of the test specimen, except as provided for in 10.5,shall be present until the distance between the plates is lessthan one-half of the specified outside diameter of the tubing.During the third step, which is a test for soundness, theflattening shall be continued until the t
37、est specimen breaks orthe opposite walls of the test specimen meet. Evidence oflaminated or unsound material or of incomplete weld that isrevealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause forrejection.10.3 For seamless round structural tubing 238 in. 60 mmspecified outside diameter and large
38、r, a specimen not less than212 in. 65 mm in length shall be flattened cold betweenparallel plates in two steps. During the first step, which is a testfor ductility, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outsidesurfaces, except as provided for in 10.5, shall occur until thedistance between the plates
39、is less than the value of “H”calculated by the following equation:H 5 1 1 e!te 1 t D! (1)where:H = distance between flattening plates, in. mm,e = deformation per unit length (0.06 for Grade A and B),t = specified wall thickness of tubing, in. mm, andD = specified outside diameter of tubing, in. mm.D
40、uring the second step, which is a test for soundness, theflattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or theopposite walls of the specimen meet. Evidence of laminated orunsound material that is revealed during the entire flatteningtest shall be cause for rejection.10.4 Surface imperfectio
41、ns not found in the test specimenbefore flattening, but revealed during the first step of theflattening test, shall be judged in accordance with Section 15.10.5 When low D-to-t ratio tubulars are tested, because thestrain imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on theinside surface at the 6 and
42、 12 oclock locations, cracks at theselocations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t ratio isless than 10.10.6 Flaring TestAsection of tube shall stand being flaredwith a tool having a 60 included angle until the tube has beenexpanded a minimum of 15 % of the largest inside dimensionwithout
43、 any cracking in the weld area. The cone tool shall nothave a weld relief groove. Cracking in the corners of shapedtubing after flaring is not grounds for rejection.10.7 Other destructive weld tests may be requested in lieu ofor in addition to the tests listed. The purchaser should contactthe produc
44、er to determine their availability.11. Permissible Variations in Dimensions11.1 Outside Dimensions:11.1.1 Round Structural TubingThe outside diameter shallnot vary more than 60.5 %, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in.0.1 mm, from the specified outside diameter for specifiedoutside diameters 1.900 in. 4
45、8 mm and smaller, and60.75 %, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. 0.1 mm, from thespecified outside diameter for specified outside diameters 2.00in. 5 cm and larger. The outside diameter measurements shallbe made at positions at least 2 in. 5 cm from the ends of thetubing.11.1.2 Square and Rectangular
46、Structural TubingThe out-side dimensions, measured across the flats at positions at least2 in. 5 cm from the ends of the tubing, shall not vary from thespecified outside dimensions by more than the applicableamount given in Table 3, which includes an allowance forconvexity or concavity.11.2 Wall Thi
47、cknessThe minimum wall thickness at anypoint of measurement on the tubing shall be not more than10 % less than the specified wall thickness. The maximum wallthickness, excluding the weld seam of welded tubing, shall benot more than 10 % greater than the specified wall thickness.For square and rectan
48、gular tubing, the wall thickness require-ments shall apply only to the centers of the flats.11.3 LengthStructural tubing is normally produced inrandom lengths 5 ft 1.5 m and over, in multiple lengths, andin specific lengths. Refer to Section 4. When specific lengthsare ordered, the length tolerance
49、shall be in accordance withTable 4.11.4 StraightnessThe permissible variation for straight-ness of structural tubing shall be18 in. times the number of feet10 mm times the number of metres of total length divided by5.11.5 Squareness of SidesFor square and rectangular struc-tural tubing, adjacent sides shall be square (90), with apermissible variation of 62 max.11.6 Radius of CornersFor square and rectangular struc-tural tubing, the radius of each outside corner of the sectionshall not excee
