1、Designation: A 131/A 131M 07Standard Specification forStructural Steel for Ships1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 131/A 131M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural steel plates, shapes,ba
3、rs, and rivets intended primarily for use in ship construction.1.2 Material under this specification is available in thefollowing categories:1.2.1 Ordinary StrengthGrades A, B, D, CS, and E with aspecified minimum yield point of 34 ksi 235 MPa, and1.2.2 Higher StrengthGrades AH, DH, EH, and FH witha
4、 specified minimum yield point of 46 ksi 315 MPa, 51 ksi350 MPa, or 57 ksi 390 MPa.1.3 Shapes and bars are normally available as Grades A,AH32, and AH36. Other grades may be furnished by agree-ment between the purchaser and the manufacturer.1.4 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that
5、awelding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intendeduse or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specifica-tion A 6/A 6M for information on weldability.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI
6、units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi-cation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 6/A 6M Specif
7、ication for General Requirements forRolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and SheetPilingA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsE 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 contr
8、ol rolling, na steel treatment that consists offinal rolling within the range used for normalizing heattreatments so that the austenite completely recrystallizes.3.1.2 thermo-mechanical controlled processing, na steeltreatment that consists of strict control of the steel temperatureand the rolling r
9、eduction. A high proportion of the rollingreduction is to be carried out close to or below the Ar3transformation temperature and may involve rolling towardsthe lower end of the temperature range of the intercriticaldual-phase region, thus permitting little if any recrystallizationof the austenite. T
10、he process may involve accelerated coolingon completion of rolling.4. Ordering Information4.1 Specification A 6/A 6M establishes the rules for theordering information that should be complied with whenpurchasing material to this specification.4.2 Additional ordering considerations specific to this sp
11、eci-fication are:4.2.1 Condition (control rolled or thermo-mechanical con-trol processed, if applicable).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Rimmed steels shall not be applied.5.2 Except for Grades A and B steel, semi-killed steels shallnot be applied.5.3 Grades D, CS, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36,DH
12、40, EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall bemade using a fine grain practice. For ordinary-strength grades,aluminum shall be used to obtain grain refinement. Forhigher-strength grades, aluminum, vanadium, or columbium(niobium) may be used for grain refinement.5.4 Plates in all thicknesses ord
13、ered to Grade CS shall benormalized. Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade E shallbe normalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed. Plates1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subc
14、ommitteeA01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 131/A 131M 04ae1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
15、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.over 138 in. 35 mm in thickness ordered to Grade D shall benormalized, control rolled, or thermo-mechanical control pro-cessed. See Table 1.5.5 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grades EH32 andEH36 shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical con
17、trolprocessed. Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade EH40,FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be normalized, thermo-mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered.Plates ordered to Grades AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36,and DH40 shall be normalized, control rolled, or thermo-mechanical control proc
18、essed when so specified. See Table 2.5.6 In the case of shapes, the thicknesses referred to arethose of the flange. Heat treatment and rolling requirements forshapes and bars are given in Tables 1 and 2.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements forchemical compo
19、sition given in Tables 3 and 4.6.1.1 When specified, the steel shall conform on productanalysis to the requirements given in Tables 3 and 4, subject tothe product analysis tolerances in Specification A 6/A 6M.6.2 For thermo-mechanical control process steel, the carbonequivalent shall be determined f
20、rom the heat analysis and shallconform to the requirements given in Table 5.7. Metallurgical Structure7.1 The steel grades indicated in 5.3 shall be made to finegrain practice, and the requirements for fine austenitic grainsize in Specification A 6/A 6M shall be met.7.2 Where the use of fine grain p
21、ractice using columbium,vanadium, or combinations is permitted in 5.3, one or more ofthe following shall be met:7.2.1 Minimum columbium (niobium) content of 0.020 %or minimum vanadium content of 0.050 % for each heat, or7.2.2 When vanadium and aluminum are used in combi-nation, minimum vanadium cont
22、ent of 0.030 % and minimumacid-soluble aluminum content of 0.010 %, or minimum totalaluminum content of 0.015 %.7.2.3 When columbium (niobium) and aluminum are usedin combination, minimum columbium (niobium) content of0.010 % and minimum acid-soluble aluminum content of0.010 %, or minimum total alum
23、inum content of 0.015 %.7.2.4 A McQuaid-Ehn austenitic grain size of 5 or finer inaccordance with Test Methods E 112 for each ladle of eachheat.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 Except as specified in the following paragraphs, thematerial as represented by the test specimens shall con
24、form tothe tensile requirements prescribed in Table 6.8.1.1.1 Shapes less than 1 in.2645 mm2 in cross section,and bars, other than flats, less than12 in. 12.5 mm inthickness or diameter need not be subjected to tension tests bythe manufacturer, but chemistry consistent with the requiredtensile prope
25、rties must be applied.8.1.1.2 The elongation requirement of Table 6 does notapply to floor plates with a raised pattern. However, for floorplates over12 in. 12.5 mm in thickness, test specimens shallbe bent cold with the raised pattern on the inside of thespecimen through an angle of 180 without cra
26、cking whensubjected to a bend test in which the inside diameter is threetimes plate thickness. Sampling for bend testing shall be asspecified for the tension tests in 8.1.2.8.1.2 One tension test shall be made from each of twodifferent plates, shapes, or bars from each heat of structuralsteel unless
27、 the finished product from a heat is less than 50 tons45 Mg, in which case one tension test is sufficient. If,however, product from one heat differs38 in. 10 mm or morein thickness or diameter, one tension test shall be made fromboth the thickest and the thinnest structural product rolled,regardless
28、 of the weight mass represented.8.1.3 For quenched and tempered steel, including GradesEH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40, one tension test shall be madeon each plate as quenched and tempered.8.2 Toughness Tests:TABLE 1 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Ordinary-Strength Structural Steel
29、Grade Deoxidation ProductACondition of SupplyB(Frequency of Impact TestC)Thickness (t), in. mmt 0.256.4t # 1.0 25t 1.0 25t # 1.375 35t 1.375 35t # 2.0 50t 2.0 50t # 4.0 100ASemi-Killed AllA()NADKilledPN()E, TM (), CR (50 45),AR (50 45)S NADBSemi-Killed AllA() A (50 45)NADKilledPN (50 45), TM (50 45)
30、,CR (25 23), AR (25 23)S NADDKilled, Fine GrainPracticePA (50 45), N (50 45)N (50 45),TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23)S NADEKilled, Fine GrainPracticeP N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14) NADCSKilled, Fine GrainPracticeP N () N (P)S N () NADAProduct: P
31、 = plate; S = shapes and barsBCondition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; N = normalized; CR = control rolled; TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processingCFrequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); () = no impact test required; (P) = each plate-as-rolled
32、DCondition of supply is not applicableEImpact tests for Grade A are not required if material is produced using a fine grain practice and normalized.A 131/A 131M 0728.2.1 Charpy V-notch tests shall be made on Grade Amaterial over 2 in. 50 mm in thickness, on Grade B materialover 1 in. 25 mm in thickn
33、ess and on material over14 in. 6.4mm in thickness of Grades D, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32,DH36, DH40, EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40, asrequired by Tables 1 and 2. The frequency of Charpy V-notchimpact tests shall be as given in Tables 1 and 2. The test resultsshall conform to the requirement
34、s given in Table 7.8.2.2 For Grades EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, andFH40 plate material, one set of three impact specimens shall bemade from each plate-as-rolled.8.2.3 For Grade A, B, D, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32,DH36, and DH40 plate material, and for all shape material, andall bar material, one set o
35、f three impact specimens shall bemade from the thickest material in each test lot size of eachheat, as required by Tables 1 and 2. If heat testing is required,a set of three specimens shall be tested for each test lot sizeindicated in Tables 1 and 2, of the same type of productproduced on the same m
36、ill from each heat of steel. The set ofimpact specimens shall be taken from different as-rolled orheat-treated pieces of the heaviest gage produced. An as-rolledpiece refers to the product rolled from a slab, billet, bloom, ordirectly from an ingot. Where the maximum thickness ordiameter of various
37、sections differs by38 in. 10 mm or more,one set of impacts shall be made from both the thickest and thethinnest material rolled regardless of the weight represented.8.2.4 The specimens for plates shall be taken from a cornerof the material and the specimens from shapes shall be takenfrom the end of
38、a shape at a point one third the distance fromthe outer edge of the flange or leg to the web or heel of theshape. Specimens for bars shall be in accordance with Speci-fication A 6/A 6M.8.2.5 The largest size specimens possible for the materialthickness are to be machined. The longitudinal axis of ea
39、chTABLE 2 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Higher-Strength Structural SteelCondition of SupplyA(Frequency of Impact TestB)Grade DeoxidationGrainRefiningElementProductCThickness (t), in. mmt 0.256.4t # 0.5 12.5t 0.512.5t # 0.8020t 0.8020t # 1.0 25t 1.0 25t # 1.37535t 1.375 35t #
40、2.0 50t 2.0 50t # 4.0 100AH32AH36Killed, FineGrainPracticeCbVP A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23)S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45), AR (25 23) NADAl P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45) , TM(50 45), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45,) T
41、M (5045), CR (25 23)Al + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (5045), AR (25 23)NADDH32DH36Cb P A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23V S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADAl P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45)
42、, TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23Al + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)NADEH32EH36AnyP N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14) NADFH32FH36AnyP N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N (P)
43、, TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), QT (25 23) NADAH40 AnyP A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), QT (P)S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADDH40 AnyP N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TM (5045), QT (P)S N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADEH40 AnyPN (
44、P), TM (P), QT (P)N(P),TM(P),OT(P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (25 23) NADFH40 AnyPN (P), TM (P), QT (P)N(P),TM(P),OT(P)S N (25 23), TM (25), CR (25 23) NADACondition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processing; CR = control rolled; QT = quenched and tem
45、pered; N=normalizedBFrequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); (P) = each plate-as-rolledCProduct: P = plate; S = shapes and barsDCondition of supply is not applicableA 131/A 131M 073specimen shall be located midway between the surface and thecenter of the structural
46、 product thickness, and the length of thenotch shall be perpendicular to the rolled surface of thestructural product.8.2.6 Unless a specific orientation is called for on thepurchase order, the longitudinal axis of the specimens may beparallel or transverse to the final direction of rolling of thestr
47、uctural product at the option of the steel manufacturer.8.2.7 The impact test shall be made in accordance with theCharpy Impact Testing section in Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370.8.2.8 Each impact test shall constitute the average value ofthree specimens taken from a single test location. The aver
48、agevalue shall meet the specified minimum average with not morethan one value below the specified minimum average but in nocase below 70% of the specified minimum average.TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements for Ordinary-Strength Structural SteelElement Chemical Composition (heat analysis), % max unless otherwise specifiedAGrade A Grade B Grade D Grade E Grade CSDeoxidation and Thickness (t), in. mmKilled or Semi-Killedt # 2.0 in. 50 mmKilledt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled or Semi-Killedt # 2.0 in. 50 mmKilledt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled, FineGrain PracticeBKilled, FineGrain Practi
