1、Designation: A 181/A 181M 06Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 181/A 181M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers nonstandar
3、d as-forged fit-tings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forg-ings made to this specification are limited to a maximumweight of 10 000 lb 4540 kg. Larger forgings may be orderedto Specification A 266/A 266M.1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated asClasses 60 and 70, respe
4、ctively, and are classified in accor-dance with their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1.1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall befurnished to inch
5、-pound units.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining
6、values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 266/A 266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPressure Vessel ComponentsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 961/A 961M Specification fo
7、r Common Requirementsfor Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts forPiping Applications3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, includingany supplementary requirements that ar
8、e indicated in thepurchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements ofSpecification A 961/A 961M constitutes non-conformancewith this specification.3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Example
9、s of such information include butare not limited to the ordering information in SpecificationA 961/A 961M and the following:3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2, 12.1, and12.2).3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the req
10、uirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindricallyshaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar,provided that the axial length of the part is approximatelypar
11、allel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts,excluding flanges of all types, up to and including NPS 4 maybe machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, returnbends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directlyfrom bar stock.4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1, the finished product
12、 shall bea forging as defined in the Terminology section (exclusively) ofSpecification A 788/A 788M.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fi
13、ttings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originallyapproved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 181/A 181M 01.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applicatio
14、ns see related Specifi-cation SA-181 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
15、te.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shallsubmit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing theshap
16、e of the rough forging before machining.4.4 Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too rapidcooling from the rolling or forging while passing through thecritical range.4.5 Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited, butwhen applied, heat treatment shall consist of tempering,annealing,
17、normalizing, or normalizing and tempering.5. Chemical Composition5.1 An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufac-turer to determine the percentages of the elements specified inTable 1. The chemical composition thus determined shallconform to the requirements in Table 1.6. Mechanical Proper
18、ties6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as totensile properties prescribed in Table 2.7. Number of Tests7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat.7.2 If any test specimen is defectively machined, it may bediscarded and another specimen substituted.8. Retests8.1 When one or mor
19、e representative test specimens do notconform to specification requirements for the tested character-istic, only a single retest for each nonconforming characteristicmay be performed to establish product acceptability. Retestsshall be performed on twice the number of representativespecimens that wer
20、e originally nonconforming. When anyretest specimen does not conform to specification requirementsfor the characteristic in question, the lot represented by thatspecimen shall be rejected, heat-treated or reheat-treated inaccordance with 4.5, and tested in accordance with Sections 6and 7.9. Reports
21、of Testing9.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, areport of the test results and chemical analyses shall befurnished. The specification designation included on reports oftesting shall include year of issue and revision letter, if any.10. Repair by Welding10.1 Repair welding, by
22、the manufacturer, is permissible forparts made to dimensional standards such as those of ANSI orequivalent standards.10.2 Prior approval of the purchaser shall be required toweld repair special parts made to the purchasers requirements.10.3 The composition of the weld deposits shall be similarto the
23、 base metal and in accordance with the procedurequalification for the applicable material. Welding shall beaccomplished with a weld procedure designed to produce lowhydrogen in the weldment. Short-circuit gas metal arc weldingis permissible only with the approval of the purchaser.11. Marking of Forg
24、ings11.1 Identification marks consisting of the manufacturerssymbol or name, designation of service rating, Specificationnumber, class, and size shall be legibly forged or stamped oneach forging, and in such a position as not to injure theusefulness of the forgings.11.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the
25、requirements in 11.1,bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identificationmethod. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific barcoding system to be used. The bar coding system, if applied atthe discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with one ofthe published industry standards f
26、or bar coding. If used onsmall parts the bar code may be applied to the box or asubstantially applied tag.12. Certificate of Compliance12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducers or suppliers certification shall be furnished to thepurchaser that the material was manufactured, s
27、ampled, tested,and inspected in accordance with this specification and hasbeen found to meet the requirements. The specification desig-nation included on certificates of compliance shall include yearof issue and revision letter, if any.12.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract, areport o
28、f the test results shall be furnished.13. Keywords13.1 pipe fittings, steel; piping applications; pressure con-taining parts; steel forgings, carbon; steel valvesTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Classes 60 and 70Carbon, max 0.35Manganese, max 1.10APhosphorus, max 0.05Silicon 0.10-0
29、.35Sulfur, max 0.05AManganese may be increased to 1.35 % max provided the carbon is reduced0.01 % for each 0.06 % increase in manganese over the limit shown in the table.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsClass 60 Class 70Tensile strength, min, ksi MPa 60 415 70 485Yield strength,Amin, ksi MPa 30 205 36 25
30、0Elongation in 2 in. 50 mm, min, % 22 18Reduction of area, min, % 35 24ADetermined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load method.A 181/A 181M 062SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSS1. Carbon EquivalentS1.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat analy-sis shall be as follows:
31、Class Maximum Carbon Equivalent ValueMaximum Section ThicknessLess Than or Equal to 2 in.Maximum Section ThicknessGreater Than 2 in.60700.450.470.460.48S1.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:CE 5 C 1 Mn/6 1Cr 1 Mo 1 V!/5 1Ni 1 Cu!/15S1.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreedu
32、pon between the supplier and the purchaser.S1.4 When this Supplementary Requirement is invoked, allelements in the carbon equivalent formula shall be analyzedand the amounts reported.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last
33、issue,A 181/A 181M 01, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved September 1, 2006)(1) Deleted old 1.3.(2) Deleted the reference to AIAG standard in ReferencedDocuments because it no longer applies.(3) Revised 11.1.(4) Updated format and made corrections to agree with the useof Specif
34、ications A 788/A 788M and A 961/A 961M.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
35、riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
36、this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldma
37、ke your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A 181/A 181M 063
