1、Designation:A181/A181M06 (Reapproved 2011) Designation: A181/A181M 12Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A181/A181M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.
3、1 This specification2covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forgings madeto this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb 4540 kg. Larger forgings may be ordered to SpecificationA266/A266M.1.2 Two classes of material are covered, des
4、ignated as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accordance withtheir mechanical properties as specified in 6.1.1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M”specification designation (SI units), the
5、material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedi
6、ndependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel ComponentsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requir
7、ementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplications3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anys
8、upplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA961/A961M constitutes non-conformance with this specification.3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to pu
9、rchase the neededmaterial. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the ordering information in Specification A961/A961M andthe following:3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.2).3.3 If the requirements of this specifi
10、cation are in conflict with the requirements of SpecificationA961/A961M, the requirementsof this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar, providedthat the axial lengt
11、h of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts, excluding flanges of alltypes, up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shallnot be machined directly from bar stock.4.2 Except as pe
12、rmitted in 4.1, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section (exclusively) ofSpecification A788/A788M.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01
13、.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct.May 1, 2011.2012. Published MarchJune 2012. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 asA181/A181M06(2011). D
14、OI: 10.1520/A0181_A0181M-06R11.10.1520/A0181_A0181M-12.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-181 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
15、ual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not b
16、e technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end o
17、f this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the shape of therough forging before machining.4.4 Forgings
18、shall be protected against sudden or too rapid cooling from the rolling or forging while passing through the criticalrange.4.5 Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited, but when applied, heat treatment shall consist of tempering, annealing,normalizing, or normalizing and tempering.5. Chemic
19、al Composition5.1 An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified in Table1. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 The material shall conform to the requireme
20、nts as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.7. Number of Tests7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat.7.2 If any test specimen is defectively machined, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.8. Retests8.1 When one or more representative test specimens do not conform to
21、 specification requirements for the tested characteristic,only a single retest for each nonconforming characteristic may be performed to establish product acceptability. Retests shall beperformed on twice the number of representative specimens that were originally nonconforming. When any retest spec
22、imen doesnot conform to specification requirements for the characteristic in question, the lot represented by that specimen shall be rejected,heat-treated or reheat-treated in accordance with 4.5, and tested in accordance with Sections 6 and 7.9. Reports of Testing9.1 Upon request of the purchaser i
23、n the contract or order, a report of the test results and chemical analyses shall be furnished.The specification designation included on reports of testing shall include year of issue and revision letter, if any.10. Repair by Welding10.1 Repair welding, by the manufacturer, is permissible for parts
24、made to dimensional standards such as those of ANSI orequivalent standards.10.2 Prior approval of the purchaser shall be required to weld repair special parts made to the purchasers requirements.10.3 The composition of the weld deposits shall be similar to the base metal and in accordance with the p
25、rocedure qualificationfor the applicable material. Welding shall be accomplished with a weld procedure designed to produce low hydrogen in theweldment. Short-circuit gas metal arc welding is permissible only with the approval of the purchaser.11. Marking of Forgings11.1 Identification marks consisti
26、ng of the manufacturers symbol or name, designation of service rating, Specification number,class, and size shall be legibly forged or stamped on each forging, and in such a position as not to injure the usefulness of theforgings.11.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 11.1, bar coding is
27、acceptable as a supplementary identification method.The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at the discretionof the supplier, should be consistent with one of the published industry standards for bar coding. If used on small p
28、arts the bar codemay be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.12. Certificate of Compliance12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a producers or suppliers certification shall be furnished to the purchaserthat the material was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected i
29、n accordance with this specification and has been found to meetTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Classes 60 and 70Carbon, max 0.35Manganese, max 1.10APhosphorus, max 0.05Silicon 0.10-0.35Sulfur, max 0.05AManganese may be increased to 1.365 % max provided the carbon is reduced0.01 %
30、for each 0.06 % increase in manganese over the limit shown in the table.A181/A181M 122the requirements. The specification designation included on certificates of compliance shall include year of issue and revision letter,if any.12.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the t
31、est results shall be furnished.13. Keywords13.1 pipe fittings, steel; piping applications; pressure containing parts; steel forgings, carbon; steel valvesSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSS1. Carbon EquivalentS1.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat analysis shall be as follows:Class Maximum Carbon
32、Equivalent ValueMaximum Section ThicknessLess Than or Equal to 2 in.Maximum Section ThicknessGreater Than 2 in.60700.450.470.460.48S1.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:CE 5 C 1 Mn/6 1Cr 1 Mo 1 V!/5 1Ni 1 Cu!/15A0181_A0181M-12_1S1.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed upon
33、 between the supplier and the purchaser.S1.4 When this Supplementary Requirement is invoked, all elements in the carbon equivalent formula shall be analyzed andthe amounts reported.S1.4 When this Supplementary Requirement is invoked, all elements in the carbon equivalent formula shall be analyzed an
34、dthe amounts reported.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,A181/A181M06(2011), that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2012)(1) Revised Footnote A of Table 1 to increase Mn maximum.ASTM Inte
35、rnational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely
36、 their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand sho
37、uld be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Sta
38、ndards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610
39、-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsClass 60 Class 70Tensile strength, min, ksi MPa 60 415 70 485Yield strength,Amin, ksi MPa 30 205 36 250Elongation in 2 in. 50 mm, min, % 22 18Reduction of area, min, % 35 24ADetermined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load method.A181/A181M 123
