1、Designation: A182/A182M 12a Endorsed by Manufacturers StandardizationSociety of the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forForged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-TemperatureService1This standard i
2、s issued under the fixed designation A182/A182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editori
3、al change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.NoteTable 2 was corrected editorially and the year date changed on August 8, 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers forged low alloy and stainlesssteel piping compone
4、nts for use in pressure systems. Includedare flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specifieddimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASMEspecifications that are referenced in Section 2.1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar (otherthan those directly addressed by th
5、is specification; see 6.4),refer to Specifications A479/A479M and A739 for the similargrades available in those specifications. Products made to thisspecification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb4540 kg. For larger products and products for otherapplications, refer to Specifications A336
6、/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades,respectively, available in those specifications.1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic,martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steelsare included in this specification. Selection will depend upondesi
7、gn and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grades are also found in SpecificationA1049/A1049M.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the o
8、rder.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be reg
9、arded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. R
10、eferenced Documents2.1 In addition to the referenced documents listed in Speci-fication A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply tothis specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA275/A275M Practice for
11、Magnetic Particle Examination ofSteel ForgingsA336/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings forPressure and High-Temperature PartsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vesse
12、lsA484/A484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, forElevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, orBoth1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless
13、Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Aug. 8, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1935. Las
14、t previous edition approved in 2012 as A182/A182M12.DOI: 10.1520/A0182_A0182M-12a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-182 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
15、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
16、. United States1A763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts forPiping Application
17、sA965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic,for Pressure and High Temperature PartsA1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings,Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels andRelated ComponentsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials(Withdrawn 2010)4E
18、112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:5Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications2.4 AWS Specifications6A5.4/A5.4M Specificat
19、ion for Stainless Steel Electrodes forShielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodesfor Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.9/A5.9M Specification for Bare Stainless Steel WeldingElectrodes and RodsA5.11/A5.11M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-AlloyWelding Electrodes fo
20、r Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.14/A5.14M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-AlloyBare Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.2
21、9/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux CoredArc Welding3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Specification A961/A961M.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hardened condition, nfor F23, the metallurgicalcondition achieved a
22、fter normalizing and cooling to roomtemperature but prior to tempering.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. In addition to the ordering information guidelines inSpecification A961/A961M, o
23、rders should include the follow-ing information:4.1.1 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1, Table 2 footnotes,9.3, and 19.2), and4.1.2 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submitdrawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forgingbefore machining and the exact location of test specimen
24、material (see 9.3.1).5. General Requirements5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A961/
25、A961M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A961/A961M, thisspecification shall prevail.6. Manufacture6.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by theopen-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen
26、process with theoption of separate degassing and refining processes in eachcase.6.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of thefollowing processes: (a) electric-furnace (with the option ofseparate degassing and refining processes); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) one of the former followed by vacu
27、um orelectroslag-consumable remelting. Grade F XM-27Cb may beproduced by electron-beam melting.6.3 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious piping and undue segregation.6.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable tothe specified shape and size.6.4.1 Flanges of
28、any type, elbows, return bends, tees, andheader tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.4.2 Cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined fromforged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel barwithout additional hot working.6.4.3 Cylindrically-shaped low alloy, martensitic st
29、ainless,and ferritic stainless steel parts, NPS-4 DN 100 and under,may be machined from forged or rolled bar, without additionalhot working.6.5 Except as provided for in 6.4, the finished product shallbe a forging as defined in the Terminology section of Specifi-cation A788/A788M.7. Heat Treatment77
30、.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a tem-perature below 1000 F 538 C prior to heat treating inaccordance with the requirements of Table 1.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
31、, ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.7A solution annealing temperature above 1950 F 1065 C may impair theresistance to intergranular corrosi
32、on after subsequent exposure to sensitizingconditions in F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specifiedby the purchaser, a lower temperature stabilization or resolution annealing shall beused subsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal (see SupplementaryRequirement S1
33、0).A182/A182M 12a2TABLE 1 Heat Treating RequirementsGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperature,Minimum orRange, F CLow Alloy SteelsF 1 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1
34、150 620F 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 5, F 5a anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 9 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 10 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid
35、500 260BF 91 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 122 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 911 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool or liquidB13651435 740-78
36、0F 11, Class 1, 2, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 12, Class 1, 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 21, F 3V, and F3VCbanneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 22, Class
37、1, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1250 675F 22V normalize and temper orquench and temper1650 900 air cool or liquidB1250 675F 23 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolaccelerated coolB13501470 730800F 24 normalize and temper 1800-1975 980-1080 air coo
38、lor liquidB13501470 730800FR anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize 1750 955 air coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 36, Class 1 normalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1100 595F 36, Class 2 normalize and temperquench and temper1650 9001650 900air coolaccelerated air coolor liquidB1
39、100 5951100 595Martensitic Stainless SteelsF 6a Class 1 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1325 725temper not requiredBB1325 725F 6a Class 2 anneal not specified furnace coolnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1250 675temper not req
40、uired 1250 675F 6a Class 3 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1100 595F 6a Class 4 anneal not specified furnace coolnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1000 540F 6b anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coo
41、l 400 205 1150 620F 6NM normalize and temper 1850 1010 air cool 200 95 1040-1120 560-600Ferritic Stainless SteelsF XM-27 Cb anneal 1850 1010 furnace coolBBF 429 anneal 1850 1010 furnace coolF 430 anneal not specified furnace coolAustenitic Stainless SteelsF 304 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 li
42、quid 500 260BF 304H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 304L solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 304N solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 304LN solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 309H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500
43、260BF 310 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 310H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 310MoLN solution treat and quench 19002010 10501100 liquid 500 260BF 316 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 2
44、60BF 316L solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316N solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316LN solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 316Ti solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 317 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 317L
45、 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BS31727 solution treat and quench 19752155 10801180 liquid 500 260BA182/A182M 12a37.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic StainlessSteelsThe low alloy steels and ferritic and martensiticstainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance
46、with therequirements of 7.1 and Table 1. When more than one heattreatment option is listed for a Grade in Table 1, any one of theheat treatments listed shall be performed. The selection of theheat treatment shall be at the manufacturers option, unlessotherwise stated in the purchase order.7.2.1 Liqu
47、id QuenchingExcept as permitted in 7.2.2, forF1,F2,andF3,andin7.2.3, for F 91, and when agreed to bythe purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall bepermitted provided the temperatures in Table 1 for each gradeare used.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tem-pered shall be
48、 marked “QT.”7.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and2 may be given a heat treatment of 1200 F 650 C minimumafter final hot or cold forming.7.2.3 Alternatively, Grade F 91 forged fittings having anysection thickness greater than 3 in. 75 mm, at the time of heattreatment, shall be
49、 normalized and tempered or quenched andtempered at the manufacturers option, provided that thetemperatures in Table 1 for F 91 are used.7.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless SteelsTheaustenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heattreated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table
