1、Designation: A182/A182M 14bA182/A182M 15 Endorsed by Manufacturers StandardizationSociety of the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forForged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-TemperatureService1Th
2、is standard is issued under the fixed designation A182/A182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicat
3、es an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included areflanges, fittings
4、, valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specificationsthat are referenced in Section 2.1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar (other than those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4), referto Specifications A479/A479
5、M and A739 for the similar grades available in those specifications. Products made to thisspecification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb 4540 kg. For larger products and products for other applications, referto Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austeni
6、tic grades, respectively, available in thosespecifications.1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included inthis specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/aus
7、tenitic (duplex) grades arealso found in Specification A1049/A1049M.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-p
8、ound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
9、SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to the reference
10、d documents listed in Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply to thisspecification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA336
11、/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature PartsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA484/A484M Specification for General Requirem
12、ents for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materi
13、als for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014June 1, 2015. Published October 2014June 2015. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asA182/A182M14a.14b. DOI: 10.1520/A0182_A0182M-14B.10.1520/A0182_A0182M-15.2 For ASME Boiler and Pre
14、ssure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-182 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
15、mary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommend
16、s that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
17、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, for Elevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, or BothA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgi
18、ngs, General RequirementsA923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless SteelsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsA965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgi
19、ngs, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature PartsA1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and RelatedComponentsA1084 Test Method for Detecting Detrimental Phases in Lean Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless SteelsE92 Test Meth
20、od for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials (Withdrawn 2010)4E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys2.3 ASME Standards:5B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding, a
21、nd Threaded2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:5Section IX2.5 AWS Specifications6A5.4/A5.4M Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.9/A5.9M Specification for Bare Stainles
22、s Steel Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.11/A5.11M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.14/A5.14M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for S
23、ubmerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Specification A961/A961M.3.2 Definiti
24、ons of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hardened condition, nfor F23, the metallurgical condition achieved after normalizing and cooling to room temperaturebut prior to tempering.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order information necessar
25、y to purchase the needed material.In addition to the ordering information guidelines in Specification A961/A961M, orders should include the following information:4.1.1 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1, Table 2 footnotes, 9.3, and 19.2), and4.1.2 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submit
26、drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forging beforemachining and the exact location of test specimen material (see 9.3.1).5. General Requirements5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requi
27、rements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification shall pr
28、evail.6. Manufacture6.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process with the option ofseparate degassing and refining processes in each case.6.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of the following processes: (a) electric-furnace
29、(with the option of separatedegassing and refining processes); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) one of the former followed by vacuum or electroslag-consumableremelting. Grade F XM-27Cb may be produced by electron-beam melting.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.ast
30、m.org.5 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org6 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A182/A182M 1526.3 A sufficient di
31、scard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.6.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable to the specified shape and size.6.4.1 Flanges of any type, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.4.2 Cylind
32、rically-shaped parts may be machined from forged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel bar withoutadditional hot working.6.4.3 Cylindrically-shaped low alloy, martensitic stainless, ferritic stainless, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steel parts, NPS-4DN 100 and under, may be mach
33、ined from forged or rolled bar, without additional hot working.6.5 Except as provided for in 6.4, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section of SpecificationA788/A788M.7. Heat Treatment77.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a temperature below 1000 F 5
34、38 C prior to heat treating in accordancewith the requirements of Table 1.7.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless SteelsThe low alloy steels and ferritic and martensitic stainlesssteels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 1. When more than o
35、ne heat treatment option islisted for a Grade in Table 1, any one of the heat treatments listed shall be performed. The selection of the heat treatment shallbe at the manufacturers option, unless otherwise stated in the purchase order.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingExcept as permitted in 7.2.2, forF 1, F 2,
36、and F 3, and in 7.2.3, for F 91, and when agreed to by the purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall bepermitted provided the temperatures in Table 1 for each grade are used.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tempered shall be marked “QT.”7.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1,
37、F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and 2 may be given a heat treatment of 1200 F 650 C minimumafter final hot or cold forming.7.2.3 Alternatively, Grade F 91 forged fittings having any section thickness greater than 3 in. 75 mm, at the time of heattreatment, shall be normalized and tempered or quenched and te
38、mpered at the manufacturers option, provided that thetemperatures in Table 1 for F 91 are used.7.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless SteelsThe Except as permitted by 7.5, the austenitic and ferritic-austeniticstainless steels shall be heat treated and liquid-quenched in accordance with th
39、e requirements of 7.1 and Table 1.7.3.1 Alternatively, immediately following hot working, while the temperature of the forging is not less than the minimumsolution annealing temperature specified in Table 1, forgings made from austenitic grades (except grades F 304H, F 309H, F 310,F 310H, F 316H, F
40、321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, F 348H, F 45, and F 56) may be individually rapidly quenched inaccordance with the requirements of Table 1.7.3.2 See Supplementary Requirement S8 if a particular heat treatment method is to be employed.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of forgings may be per
41、formed before machining.7.5 Forged or Rolled BarForged or rolled austenitic stainless bar from which cylindrically shaped parts are to be machined,as permitted by 6.4, and the parts machined from such bar, without heat treatment after machining, shall be furnished to theannealing and quenching or ra
42、pid-cooling requirements of Specification A479/A479MA484/A484M or this specification, withsubsequent light cold drawing and straightening permitted (see Supplementary Requirement S3 if annealing must be the finaloperation).8. Chemical Composition8.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specif
43、ication A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 2.8.2 Grades to which lead, selenium, or other elements are added for the purpose of rendering the material free-machining shallnot be used.8.3 Starting material produced to a specification that specifically
44、requires the addition of any element beyond those listed inTable 2 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted.8.4 Steel grades covered in this specification shall not contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen in stainless steels, forthe ordered grade to the extent that the steel
45、 conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specifiedelement having a required minimum content. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individually andidentified by its own UNS designation or Grade designation and identification symbol in Table
46、2.7 A solution annealing temperature above 1950 F 1065 C may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to sensitizing conditions inF 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specified by the purchaser, a lower temperature stabilization or resolution anneal
47、ing shall be used subsequent tothe initial high temperature solution anneal (see Supplementary Requirement S10).A182/A182M 153TABLE 1 Heat Treating RequirementsGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperature,Mi
48、nimum orRange, F CLow Alloy SteelsF 1 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1150 620F 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1150 620F 5, F 5a anneal 1750 955 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool B 1250 675F 9 a
49、nneal 1750 955 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool B 1250 675F 10 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260 BF 91 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool B 13501470 730800F 92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool B 13501470 730800F 122 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool B 13501470 730800F 911 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool or liquid B 13651435 740-780F 11, Class 1, 2, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B
