1、Designation: A182/A182M 16a Endorsed by Manufacturers StandardizationSociety of the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forForged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-TemperatureService1This standard i
2、s issued under the fixed designation A182/A182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editori
3、al change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers forged low alloy and stainlesssteel piping components for use in pressure systems. Includedare flanges, fittings, valves, and s
4、imilar parts to specifieddimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASMEspecifications that are referenced in Section 2.1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar (otherthan those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4),refer to Specifications A479/A479M and A739 for th
5、e similargrades available in those specifications. Products made to thisspecification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb4540 kg. For larger products and products for otherapplications, refer to Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades,respecti
6、vely, available in those specifications.1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic,martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steelsare included in this specification. Selection will depend upondesign and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grad
7、es are also found in SpecificationA1049/A1049M.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI un
8、its. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in b
9、rackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to the referenced documents listed in Spec
10、i-fication A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply tothis specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination ofSteel ForgingsA336/A336M Specification for Al
11、loy Steel Forgings forPressure and High-Temperature PartsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA484/A484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars,
12、Billets, and ForgingsA739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, forElevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, orBothA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA92
13、3 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMateri
14、als for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A182/A182M 16.DOI: 10.1520/A0182_A0182M-16A.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Speci
15、fi-cation SA-182 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Cha
16、nges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless SteelsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Va
17、lves, and Parts forPiping ApplicationsA965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic,for Pressure and High Temperature PartsA1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings,Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels andRelated ComponentsA1084 Test Method for Detecting Detrime
18、ntal Phases inLean Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless SteelsE92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-ness of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and
19、 Alloys2.3 ASME Standards:4B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding, and Threaded2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section IX2.5 AWS Specifications5A5.4/A5.4M Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes forShielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes
20、for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.9/A5.9M Specification for Bare Stainless Steel WeldingElectrodes and RodsA5.11/A5.11M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-AlloyWelding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.14/A5.14M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-AlloyBare Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.23
21、/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux CoredArc Welding3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used
22、 in thisspecification, refer to Specification A961/A961M.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hardened condition, nfor F23, the metallurgicalcondition achieved after normalizing and cooling to roomtemperature but prior to tempering.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers
23、responsibility to specify in thepurchase order information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. In addition to the ordering information guidelines inSpecification A961/A961M, orders should include the follow-ing information:4.1.1 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1, Table 2 footnotes,9.3, and 19
24、.2), and4.1.2 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submitdrawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forgingbefore machining and the exact location of test specimenmaterial (see 9.3.1).5. General Requirements5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirement
25、s of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specificat
26、ion and Specification A961/A961M, thisspecification shall prevail.6. Manufacture6.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by theopen-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process with theoption of separate degassing and refining processes in eachcase.6.2 The stainless steels shall be melte
27、d by one of thefollowing processes: (a) electric-furnace (with the option ofseparate degassing and refining processes); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) one of the former followed by vacuum orelectroslag-consumable remelting. Grade F XM-27Cb may beproduced by electron-beam melting.6.3 A sufficient discard
28、 shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious piping and undue segregation.6.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable tothe specified shape and size.6.4.1 Flanges of any type, elbows, return bends, tees, andheader tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.4.2 Cylindrically-
29、shaped parts may be machined fromforged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel barwithout additional hot working.6.4.3 Cylindrically-shaped low alloy, martensitic stainless,ferritic stainless, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steel parts,NPS-4 DN 100 and under, may be machined from
30、forged orrolled bar, without additional hot working.6.5 Except as provided for in 6.4, the finished product shallbe a forging as defined in the Terminology section of Specifi-cation A788/A788M.7. Heat Treatment67.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a tem-perature below 1000 F 538 C prio
31、r to heat treating inaccordance with the requirements of Table 1.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33
32、126, http:/www.aws.org.6A solution annealing temperature above 1950 F 1065 C may impair theresistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to sensitizingconditions in F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specifiedby the purchaser, a lower temperature stabilizing trea
33、tment or a second solutionannealing shall be used subsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal(see Supplementary Requirement S10).A182/A182M 16a2TABLE 1 Heat Treating RequirementsGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching Cool
34、Below F CTempering Temperature,Minimum orRange, F CLow Alloy SteelsF 1 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 5, F 5a anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air
35、 coolB1250 675F 9 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 10 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260BF 91 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 93 normal
36、ize and temper 1960-2140 1070-1170 air cool 385 200 1380-1455 750-790F 122 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolB13501470 730800F 911 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool or liquidB13651435 740-780F 11, Class 1, 2, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 90
37、0 air coolB1150 620F 12, Class 1, 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1150 620F 21, F 3V, and F3VCbanneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 22, Class 1, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1250 67
38、5F 22V normalize and temper orquench and temper1650 900 air cool or liquidB1250 675F 23 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air coolaccelerated coolB13501470 730800F 24 normalize and temper 1800-1975 980-1080 air coolor liquidB13501470 730800FR anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize 1750 955 a
39、ir coolnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675F 36, Class 1 normalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1100 595F 36, Class 2 normalize and temperquench and temper1650 9001650 900air coolaccelerated air coolor liquidB1100 5951100 595Martensitic Stainless SteelsF 6a Class 1 anneal not specified fu
40、rnace coolBBnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1325 725temper not requiredBB1325 725F 6a Class 2 anneal not specified furnace coolnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1250 675temper not required 1250 675F 6a Class 3 anneal not specified furnace coolBBnormalize and tem
41、per not specified air cool 400 205 1100 595F 6a Class 4 anneal not specified furnace coolnormalize and temper not specified air cool 400 205 1000 540F 6b anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool 400 205 1150 620F 6NM normalize and temper 1850 1010 air cool 200 95 1040-112
42、0 560-600Ferritic Stainless SteelsF XM-27 Cb anneal 1850 1010 furnace coolBBF 429 anneal 1850 1010 furnace coolF 430 anneal not specified furnace coolAustenitic Stainless SteelsF 304 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 304H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 304L s
43、olution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 304N solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 304LN solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 309H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 310 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 310H solution tr
44、eat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 310MoLN solution treat and quench 19002010 10501100 liquidE500 260BF 316 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 316H solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 316L solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 316N solution tr
45、eat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 316LN solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 316Ti solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 317 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BF 317L solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquidE500 260BA182/A182M 16a37.2 Low Allo
46、y Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic StainlessSteelsThe low alloy steels and ferritic and martensiticstainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance with therequirements of 7.1 and Table 1. When more than one heattreatment option is listed for a Grade in Table 1, any one of theheat treatments
47、listed shall be performed. The selection of theheat treatment shall be at the manufacturers option, unlessotherwise stated in the purchase order.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingExcept as permitted in 7.2.2, forF1,F2,andF3,andin7.2.3, for F 91, and when agreed to bythe purchaser, liquid quenching followed by t
48、empering shall bepermitted provided the temperatures in Table 1 for each gradeare used.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tem-pered shall be marked “QT.”7.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and2 may be given a heat treatment of 1200 F 650 C minimumafter final hot o
49、r cold forming.7.2.3 Alternatively, Grade F 91 forged fittings having anysection thickness greater than 3 in. 75 mm, at the time of heattreatment, shall be normalized and tempered or quenched andtempered at the manufacturers option, provided that thetemperatures in Table 1 for F 91 are used.7.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Au
