1、Designation: A182/A182M 17A182/A182M 18 Endorsed by Manufacturers StandardizationSociety of the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forForged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-TemperatureService1Thi
2、s standard is issued under the fixed designation A182/A182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicate
3、s an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included areflanges, fittings,
4、 valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specificationsthat are referenced in Section 2.1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar (other than those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4), referto Specifications A479/A479M
5、 and A739 for the similar grades available in those specifications. Products made to thisspecification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb 4540 kg. For larger products and products for other applications, referto Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenit
6、ic grades, respectively, available in thosespecifications.1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included inthis specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/aust
7、enitic (duplex) grades arealso found in Specification A1049/A1049M.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-po
8、und units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theS
9、I units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accorda
10、nce with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In additi
11、on to the referenced documents listed in Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply to thisspecification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
12、 Steel ForgingsA336/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought
13、 Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017March 1, 2018. Published October 2017March 2018. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 asA182/A182M 16a.A182/A182M 17. DOI: 10.1
14、520/A0182_A0182M-17.10.1520/A0182_A0182M-18.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-182 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically
16、 possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standa
17、rdCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA484/A484M Spe
18、cification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, for Elevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, or BothA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA788
19、/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsA923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless SteelsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsA965
20、/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature PartsA1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and RelatedComponentsA1084 Test Method for Detecting Detrimental Phases in Lean Duplex Austenitic/Fe
21、rritic Stainless SteelsE92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and Alloys2.3 ASME Standards:4B1
22、6.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding, and Threaded2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section IX2.5 AWS Specifications5A5.4/A5.4M Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Weld
23、ingA5.9/A5.9M Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.11/A5.11M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.14/A5.14M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.23/A5.23M Specification fo
24、r Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, r
25、efer to Specification A961/A961M.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hardened condition, nfor F23, the metallurgical condition achieved after normalizing and cooling to room temperaturebut prior to tempering.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to speci
26、fy in the purchase order information necessary to purchase the needed material.In addition to the ordering information guidelines in Specification A961/A961M, orders should include the following information:4.1.1 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1, Table 2 footnotes, 9.3, and 19.2), and4.1.2 Require
27、ment, if any, that manufacturer shall submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forging beforemachining and the exact location of test specimen material (see 9.3.1).5. General Requirements5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification
28、 A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and Specific
29、ation A961/A961M, this specification shall prevail.6. Manufacture6.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process with the option ofseparate degassing and refining processes in each case.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engi
30、neers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A182/A182M 1826.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of the following processes:
31、(a) electric-furnace (with the option of separatedegassing and refining processes); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) one of the former followed by vacuum or electroslag-consumableremelting. Grade F XM-27Cb may be produced by electron-beam melting.6.3 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom fr
32、om injurious piping and undue segregation.6.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable to the specified shape and size.6.4.1 Flanges of any type, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.4.2 Cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined fro
33、m forged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel bar withoutadditional hot working.6.4.3 Cylindrically-shaped low alloy, martensitic stainless, ferritic stainless, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steel parts, NPS-4DN 100 and under, may be machined from forged or rolled bar, without
34、additional hot working.6.5 Except as provided for in 6.4, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section of SpecificationA788/A788M.7. Heat Treatment67.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a temperature below 1000 F 538 C prior to heat treating in accordanc
35、ewith the requirements of Table 1.7.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless SteelsThe low alloy steels and ferritic and martensitic stainlesssteels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 1. When more than one heat treatment option islisted for a
36、Grade in Table 1, any one of the heat treatments listed shall be performed. The selection of the heat treatment shallbe at the manufacturers option, unless otherwise stated in the purchase order.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingExcept as permitted in 7.2.2, forF 1, F 2, and F 3, and when agreed to by the purch
37、aser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted provided thetemperatures in Table 1 for each grade are used.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tempered shall be marked “QT.”7.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and 2 may be given a heat treatment of
38、1200 F 650 C minimumafter final hot or cold forming.7.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless SteelsExcept as permitted by 7.5, the austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainlesssteels shall be heat treated and liquid-quenched in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 1.7.3.1 Alterna
39、tively, immediately following hot working, while the temperature of the forging is not less than the minimumsolution annealing temperature specified in Table 1, forgings made from austenitic grades (except grades F 304H, F 309H, F 310,F 310H, F 316H, F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, F 348H, F 45
40、, and F 56) may be individually rapidly quenched inaccordance with the requirements of Table 1. Ferritic-austenitic grades may be solution annealed without cooling below 1000 Fby being re-heated to the solution annealing temperature required in Table 1, held for a time sufficient to dissolve phases
41、andprecipitates which may cause a reduction in corrosion or mechanical properties, and quenched in accordance with Table 1.7.3.2 See Supplementary Requirement S8 if a particular heat treatment method is to be employed.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of forgings may be performed before machi
42、ning.7.5 Forged or Rolled BarForged or rolled austenitic stainless bar from which cylindrically shaped parts are to be machined,as permitted by 6.4, and the parts machined from such bar, without heat treatment after machining, shall be furnished to theannealing and quenching or rapid-cooling require
43、ments of Specification A484/A484M or this specification, with subsequent lightcold drawing and straightening permitted (see Supplementary Requirement S3 if annealing must be the final operation).8. Chemical Composition8.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specification A961/A961M shall be
44、made and conform to the chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 2.8.2 Grades to which lead, selenium, or other elements are added for the purpose of rendering the material free-machining shallnot be used.8.3 Starting material produced to a specification that specifically requires the addition of any
45、 element beyond those listed inTable 2 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted.8.4 Steel grades covered in this specification shall not contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen in stainless steels, forthe ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirement
46、s of another grade for which that element is a specified6 A solution annealing temperature above 1950 F 1065 C may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to sensitizing conditions inF 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specified by the purchaser,
47、a lower temperature stabilizing treatment or a second solution annealing shall be usedsubsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal (see Supplementary Requirement S10).A182/A182M 183TABLE 1 Heat Treating RequirementsGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor R
48、ange, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperature,Minimum orRange, F CLow Alloy SteelsF 1 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1150 620F 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1150 620F 5, F 5a anneal 1750 955 f
49、urnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool B 1250 675F 9 anneal 1750 955 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool B 1250 675F 10 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260 BF 91 normalize and temper orquench and temper1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool accelerated aircool or liquidB 13501470 730800F 91 Types 1 and 2 normalize and temper orquench and temper19001975 10401080 air cool accelerated aircool or liquidB 13501470 730800F 92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-
