1、Designation: A193/A193M 10Standard Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for HighTemperature or High Pressure Service and Other SpecialPurpose Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A193/A193M; the number immediately following the designation in
2、dicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies
3、of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers alloy and stainless steel bolt-ing material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittingsfor high temperature or high pressure service, or other specialpurpose applications. The term bolting material as used in thisspecificati
4、on covers bars, bolts, screws, studs, stud bolts, andwire. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought. The material may befurther processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated orcarbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strainhardened
5、 austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly under-stood.1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels andaustenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth.Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, me-
6、chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.1.3 The following referenced general requirements are in-dispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has includedfifteen steel types that have been rather exten
7、sively used for the presentpurpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by thecommittee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.NOTE 2For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use atthe lower range of high temperature applications, reference should bemade to Spec
8、ification A354.NOTE 3For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use inlow temperature applications, reference should be made to SpecificationA320/A320M.1.4 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered inSection 14.1.5 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S14 are pro-vided for us
9、e when additional tests or inspection are desired.These shall apply only when specified in the purchase order.1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable M specification designation (SI units), the materialshall be fu
10、rnished to inch-pound units.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may re
11、sult in non-conformancewith the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown inbrackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
12、High TemperatureService, or BothA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature ServiceA354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy SteelBolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re
13、-quirementsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended forUse at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the CreepRangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanica
14、lly De-posited on Iron and Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Sp
15、ecial Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A193/A193M09.DOI: 10.1520/A0193_A0193M-10.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-193 in Section I
16、I of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the
17、end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of
18、 Metallic Ma-terialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep andCr
19、eep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials UnderConditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times4E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of MetallicMaterials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heatingand Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates4E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-RuptureNotch T
20、ension Tests of MaterialsE328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials andStructuresE566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sortingof Ferrous MetalsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threa
21、ded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or CoatedFastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification f
22、or Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:5B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.1M Metric Hex Cap ScrewsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket ScrewsB18.3.1M Metric Socket
23、Head Cap Screws2.3 AIAG Standard:6AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, asrequired, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that i
24、s carbide solution treated(Class 1), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A),and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2Band 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1Capply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainlesssteels; Class 1D appl
25、ies to material carbide solution treated bycooling rapidly from the rolling temperature),3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,screws, or studs),3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with14.1,3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and3.1.5 Special requirements, i
26、n accordance with 7.1.5.1,7.2.6, 9.1, 14.1, and 15.1.3.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).When coated fasteners are ordered the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4. Commo
27、n Requirements4.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M.These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimen-sions, marking, certification, optional supplementary require-ments, and others. Failure to comply with t
28、he requirements ofSpecification A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between this specificationand Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall pre-vail.5. Manufacture (Process)5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the followingprocesses: open-h
29、earth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, orvacuum-induction melting (VIM). The molten steel may bevacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strandcasting.5.2 QualitySee Specification A962/A962M for require-ments.6. Discard6.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom inj
30、urious piping and undue segregation.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Ferritic Steels7.1.1 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperaturebelow the cooling transformation range immediately afterrolling or forging. Materials shall then be uniformly reheated tothe proper temperature to refine the grain (
31、a group thusreheated being known as a quenching charge), quenched in aliquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for eachquenching charge, and tempered. The minimum temperingtemperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standar
32、d is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http
33、:/www.aiag.org.A193/A193M 102TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)AType. Ferritic SteelsGrade B5 B6andB6XDescription 5%Chromium 12%ChromiumUNS Designation S41000 (410)Range Product Variation, Range Product VariationOver or UnderBOver or UnderBCarbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.080.15 0.01 o
34、verManganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 overChromium 4.06.0 0.10 11.513.5 0.15Molybdenum 0.400.65 0.05 . . . . . .Type Ferritic SteelsGrade B7,B7M B16Descript
35、ion . Chromium-MolybdenumCChromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct Variation, Product Variation,Range Over or UnderBRange Over or UnderBCarbon 0.370.49D0.02 0.360.47 0.02Manganese 0.651.10 0.04 0.450.70 0.03Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSili
36、con 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.751.20 0.05 0.801.15 0.05Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02 0.500.65 0.03Vanadium . . . . . . 0.250.35 0.03Aluminum, max %E. . 0.015 .Type Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1, 1A, 1D, and 2Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PAUNS Designation S30400 (304
37、) S34700 (347) S31600 (316) S30500RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.
38、00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16
39、.018.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 9.012.0 0.15 10.014.0 0.15 11.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . . .Columbium + . . . . . . 10 x carbon 0.05 under . . . . . . . . . . . .tantalum content, min;1.10 maxType Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade.
40、 B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020 0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04
41、over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010 0.002 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 19.520.5 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15 17.518.5 0.1
42、5Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 6.06.5 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01 0.180.22 0.02Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.501.00 . . .A193/A193M 103TABLE 1 ContinuedType. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or Unde
43、rBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.012.0 0.15Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 underNitrogen 0.10 max . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1DGrade
44、 B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SAUNS Designation S20910 S21800RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 overManganese 4.06.0 0.05 7.09.0 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1
45、.00 max 0.05 over 3.54.5 0.15Chromium 20.523.5 0.25 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 11.513.5 0.15 8.09.0 0.10Molybdenum 1.503.00 0.10 . . . . . .Nitrogen 0.200.40 0.02 0.080.18 0.01Columbium + tantalum 0.100.30 0.05 . . . . . .Vanadium 0.100.30 0.02 . . . . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade
46、B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNAUNS Designation S30453 S31653RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overManganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.00
47、5 overSilicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01AThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.BProduct analysisIndividual determinations sometime
48、s vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individualelement in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.CTypical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.DFor bar sizes over
49、 312 in. 90 mm, inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted, providedthat the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.ETotal of soluble and insoluble.FClasses 1 and 1D are solution treated. Classes 1, 1B, and some 1C (B8R and B8S) products are made from solution treated material. Class 1A (B8A, B8CA, B8MA,B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, and B8MNA) and some Class 1C (B9RA and
