1、Designation: A193/A193M 14Standard Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperatureor High Pressure Service and Other Special PurposeApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A193/A193M; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S
3、. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers alloy and stainless steel bolt-ing for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for hightemperature or high pressure service, or other special purposeapplications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definitionof bolting. Bars an
4、d wire shall be hot-wrought and may befurther processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated orcarbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strainhardened austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should takespecial care to ensur
5、e that Appendix X1 is thoroughly under-stood.1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels andaustenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth.Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, me-chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.1.3 The following
6、referenced general requirements are in-dispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has includedseveral steel types that have been rather extensively used for the presentpurpose. Other compositions will be considered fo
7、r inclusion by thecommittee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.NOTE 2For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lowerrange of high temperature applications, reference should be made toSpecification A354.NOTE 3For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in lowtempera
8、ture applications, reference should be made to SpecificationA320/A320M.1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at theoption of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shallapply only when specified in the purchase order or con
9、tract.1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),the inch-pound units shall apply.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be rega
10、rded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. Refere
11、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nutsfor Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,or BothA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting fo
12、r Low-Temperature ServiceA354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy SteelBolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements forBolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from
13、 Cryo-genic to the Creep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc onIron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand i
14、s the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in
15、2012 as A193/A193M12b.DOI: 10.1520/A0193_A0193M-14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
16、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1B696 Specifica
17、tion for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests ofMetallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE
18、139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep andCreep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials UnderConditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times (Withdrawn1984)4E151 Recommended Practice for Tensio
19、n Tests of MetallicMaterials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heatingand Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates (Withdrawn1984)4E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture NotchTension Tests of MaterialsE328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials andStructuresE566 Practice for Electro
20、magnetic (Eddy-Current) Sortingof Ferrous MetalsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrev
21、ent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or CoatedFastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Sp
22、ecial Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:5B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.3M Metric Heavy Hex ScrewsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket ScrewsB18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws2.3 AIAG Standard:6AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica-tion Standard3. General
23、Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, asrequired, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is carbide solution treated(Class 1), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A),and carbide solution treat
24、ed and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2Band 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1Capply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainlesssteels; Class 1D applies to material carbide solution treated bycooling rapidly from the rolling temperature),3.1.2 Description of items
25、 required (that is, bars, bolts,screws, or studs),3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with13.1,3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 6.1.5.1,6.2.6, 8.1, and 13.1.3.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser
26、 (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).When coated fasteners are ordered the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4. Common Requirements4.1 Bolting supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A962/A962M. Th
27、ese re-quirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions,macroetch (alloy steels only), marking, certification, optionalsupplementary requirements, and others. Failure to complywith the requirements of Specification A962/A962M consti-tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of
28、con-flict between this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall prevail.5. Manufacture (Process)5.1 MeltingSee Specification A962/A962M for require-ments.5.2 QualitySee Specification A962/A962M for require-ments.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Ferritic Steels:6.1.1 Ferritic steels s
29、hall be allowed to cool to a temperaturebelow the cooling transformation range immediately afterrolling or forging. Materials shall then be uniformly reheated tothe proper temperature to refine the grain (a group thusreheated being known as a quenching charge), quenched in aliquid medium under subst
30、antially uniform conditions for eachquenching charge, and tempered. The minimum temperingtemperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEIntern
31、ational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A193/A193M 142TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)AType. Ferritic SteelsGrade
32、 B5 B6andB6XDescription 5%Chromium 12%ChromiumUNS Designation S41000 (410)Range Product Variation, Range Product VariationOver or UnderBOver or UnderBCarbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.080.15 0.01 overManganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSulfur, max
33、0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 overChromium 4.06.0 0.10 11.513.5 0.15Molybdenum 0.400.65 0.05 . . . . . .Type Ferritic SteelsGrade B7,B7M B16Description . Chromium-MolybdenumCChromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct Variation, Product Variation,Range Over or Und
34、erBRange Over or UnderBCarbon 0.380.48D0.02 0.360.47 0.02Manganese 0.751.00 0.04 0.450.70 0.03Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSilicon 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.801.10 0.05 0.801.15 0.05Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02 0.500.65 0.03Van
35、adium . . . . . . 0.250.35 0.03Aluminum, max %E. . 0.015 .Type Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1, 1A, 1D, and 2Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PAUNS Designation S30400 (304) S34700 (347) S31600 (316) S30500RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderB
36、RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 ov
37、erSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 9.012.0 0.15 10.014.0 0.15 11.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . . .Columbium . . . . . . 10 x carbon 0.05 under . . . . . . . . . . . .content, min;1.10 maxType Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade. B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation . .S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254RangeProductVariation,Over
39、 or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020 0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.0
40、30 0.005 over 0.010 0.002 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 19.520.5 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15 17.518.5 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 6.06.5 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01 0.180.25 0.02Copper . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . 0.501.00 . . .Type. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overA193
42、/A193M 143TABLE 1 ContinuedType. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.012.0 0.15Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 underNitrogen 0.10 max . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C a
43、nd 1DGrade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SAUNS Designation S20910 S21800RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 overManganese 4.06.0 0.05 7.09.0 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 ove
44、rSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.54.5 0.15Chromium 20.523.5 0.25 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 11.513.5 0.15 8.09.0 0.10Molybdenum 1.503.00 0.10 . . . . . .Nitrogen 0.200.40 0.02 0.080.18 0.01Columbium + tantalum 0.100.30 0.05 . . . . . .Vanadium 0.100.30 0.02 . . . . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A an
45、d 1DGrade B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNAUNS Designation S30453 S31653RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overManganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over
46、0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade B8CLN, B8CLNAUNS Designation S34751 (347LN)RangeProduct
47、 Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.0050.020 0.002 under,0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.01 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.013.0 0.15Columbium 0.200.50,15 x carbon content, min0.05Nitrogen 0.060.10 0.01AThe
48、intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.BProduct analysisIndividual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individualelement in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.CTypic
49、al steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.DFor bar sizes over 312 in. 90 mm, inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted, providedthat the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.ETotal of soluble and insoluble.FClasses 1 and 1D are solution treated. Classes 1, 1B, and some 1C (B8R and B8S) products are made from solutio
