1、Designation: A194/A194M 10aEndorsed byManufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USNRC-RDT StandardsStandard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure orHigh Temperature Service, or Both1This standard is issued under the fixed design
2、ation A194/A194M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revisi
3、on or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a variety of carbon, alloy, andmartensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range14 through 4in. and metric M6 through M100 nominal. It also coversaustenitic stain
4、less steel nuts in the size range14 in. and M6nominal and above. These nuts are intended for high-pressureor high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions with-out the purchasers permission are not allowed.1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought.The material may be furthe
5、r processed by centerless grindingor by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solutionannealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When annealed andstrain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accor-dance with Supplementary Requirement S1, the purchasershould take special care to
6、ensure that 8.2.2, SupplementaryRequirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry,contract, and order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI u
7、nits. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable“ M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exa
8、ct equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown inbrackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating
9、 (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements forBolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-genic to
10、the Creep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelB696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE112 Te
11、st Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or CoatedFastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating
12、, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 1.13M Metric Screw Threads1This specification is under the jurisdiction
13、of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published De
14、cember 2010. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A194/A194M10.DOI: 10.1520/A0194_A0194M-10a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-194 in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
15、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New Y
16、ork, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B 18.2.2 Square and Hex NutsB 18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 D
17、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Austenitic GradesAll grades with a prefix of “8” or“9.”3.1.2 Ferritic GradesGrades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7,7M, and 16.3.1.3 LotUnless otherwise specified (see Discussion be-low), a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size andgrade
18、 produced by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.1 DiscussionWhen Supplementary Requirement S5is invoked on the purchase order, the following definitions of alot shall apply:3.1.3.2 For Grade 8 NutsThe quantity of all the nuts of asingle nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat ofsteel an
19、d made by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.3 For All Other Grade Nuts (see 8.2 and 8.1.2.1)All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made fromthe same heat number and heat treated in the same batch ifbatch-type heat treating equipment is used or heat treated in thesame continuous run o
20、f not more than 8 h under the sameconditions if continuous-type heat treating equipment is used.3.1.4 Type3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 NutsVariations within the gradedesignated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and bymanufacturing process.3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 NutsVariations within the gradedesignate
21、d by the letter F as differentiated by chemical addi-tions made for machineability.3.1.5 SeriesThe dimensional relationship and geometryof the nuts as described in ASME B 18.2.2 or B 18.2.4.6M.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion shall include the f
22、ollowing as required to describe thematerial adequately:4.1.1 Specification designation, year date, and grade, issuedate and revision letter,4.1.2 Quantity, number of pieces,4.1.3 Dimensions (see Section 9),4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.3, and12, and4.1.5 Supplementary Requi
23、rements, if any.4.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8).When coated nuts are ordered, the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be
24、 usedin low temperature applications (Specification A320/A320M).4.4 Proof Load TestingSee Supplementary RequirementS9 for proof load testing of nuts manufactured to dimensionsand configurations other than those covered in Tables 3 and 4.5. Common Requirements5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to th
25、is specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M.These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimen-sions, marking, certification, optional supplementary require-ments, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements ofSpecification A962/A962M constitutes
26、nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A962/A962M, thisspecification shall prevail.6. Manufacture (Process)6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shallbe made by one of the following processes:6.1.1
27、 Electric-furnace (with separate degassing and refiningoptional),6.1.2 Vacuum induction furnace, or6.1.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting,or consumable-arc remelting.6.2 The steel producer shall exercise adequate control toeliminate excessive unhomogeneity, nonmetallics, pipe, p
28、oros-ity, and other defects.6.3 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged, or shallbe machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars.6.3.1 All Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by cold forging or bymachining from cold-drawn bars shall be stress-relief annealedat a temperature of at least 1000
29、F 538 C.6.3.2 Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or bymachining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need not be givenany stress relief annealing treatment.6.4 Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16 nuts shallbe hot- or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled, or cold-drawn
30、 bars and shall be heat treated to meetthe required mechanical properties. These grades shall beuniformly reheated to the proper austenitizing temperature (agroup thus reheated being known as a quenching charge) andquenched under substantially uniform conditions for eachquenching charge and tempered
31、 as shown below. Grades 2H,2HM, 3, 4, 7, and 7M shall be liquid quenched. Grades 6 and6F shall be quenched in liquid or inert gas. Grade 16 shall beheated to a temperature range from 1700 to 1750 F (925 to955 C) and oil quenched.GradeMinimum Tempering Temperature, FC2H 850 4552HM 1150 6203 1050 5654
32、 1100 5956 and 6F 1100 5957 1100 5957M 1150 62016 1200 650Nuts machined from bar heat treated in accordance with thisspecification need not be reheat-treated. For Grade 2HM and7M nuts, a final stress relief shall be done at or above theminimum tempering temperature after all forming, machining,and t
33、apping operations. This final stress relief may be thetempering operation.6.4.1 Grade 6 and 6F nuts shall be tempered for a minimumof1hatthetemperature.6.5 Grades 8, 8C, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P, 8N, 8MN, 8R, 8S, 8LN,8MLN, 8MLCuN, and 9C nuts shall be hot or cold forged, orshall be machined from hot-forged, h
34、ot-rolled or cold-drawnbars.A194/A194M 10a2TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,B,C,DGradeSymbolMaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,E%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%Tita-nium,%Colum-bium andTanta-lum, %Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%1 carbon 0.15 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 2HM,and 2Hcarbon 0.40 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 carbon,molyb-denum0.400.50 0.700.90 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 . . . . . . 0.200.30 . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Type 501 0.10 min 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.06.0 . . . 0.400.65 . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . .6 Type 410 S41000 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type 416 S41600 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.15min1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type416SeS41623 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min7, 7M Type
37、4140/4142/4145,4140H,4142H,4145H0.370.49 0.651.10 0.035 0.04 0.150.35 0.751.20 . . . 0.150.25 . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 8A Type 304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8C, 8CA Type 347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . 10 xcarb
38、oncontent,min. .8M, 8MA Type 316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . . . . . . .8T, 8TA Type 321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . 5 x(C+N)min -0.70max. . . 0.10 . . .8F, 8FA Type 303 S30300 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15min1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . .8F, 8FA Type303SeS30323 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min8P, 8PA Type 305withrestrictedcarbonS30500 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 11.013.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8N, 8NA Type304NS30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0
40、 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168LN,8LNAType304LNS30453 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168MN,8MNAType316NS31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168MLN,8MLNAType316LNS31653 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2
41、.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168R, 8RAFXM19 S20910 0.06 4.06.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.523.5 11.513.5 1.503.00 . . . 0.100.30 0.200.40 Vanadium,0.100.308S, 8SA S21800 0.10 7.09.0 0.060 0.030 3.54.5 16.018.0 8.09.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.080.188MLCuN,8MLCuNAS31254 S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17
42、.518.5 6.06.5 . . . . . . 0.180.22 Copper,0.501.009C, 9CA N08367 N08367 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0-22.0 23.5- 25.5 6.0-7.0 0.18-0.25 Copper0.7516 ChromiumMolyb-denumVanadium0.360.47 0.450.70 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 0.801.15 . . . 0.500.65 . . . . . . . . . Vanadium,0.250.35AluminumB0.015AThe inte
43、ntional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified and required.BTotal aluminum, soluble and insoluble.CMaximum, unless minimum or range is indicated.DWhere ellipses () appear in this table there is no requirement.EBecause of the degre
44、e to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulfur over 0.060 % max is not technologically appropriate.FAs described in Specification A276.A194/A194M 10a36.6 Grades 8A, 8CA, 8MA, 8TA, 8FA, 8PA, 8NA, 8MNA,8RA, 8SA, 8LNA, 8MLNA, 8MLCuNA, and 9CA nuts shallbe hot- or cold-forged or shall be mach
45、ined from hot-forged,hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and the nuts shall subsequentlybe carbide-solution treated by heating them for a sufficient timeat a temperature to dissolve chromium carbides followed bycooling at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of thecarbides.7. Chemical Composition
46、7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Hardness Test:8.1.1 Requirements:8.1.1.1 All nuts shall meet the hardness requirements speci-fied in Table 2.8.1.1.2 Sample nuts of Grades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 7, 7M,and 16 which
47、have been given the treatment described in 8.1.5shall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2.8.1.2 Number of Tests (Grades 1, 2, 2H, 3, 4, 7, and 16and all types of Grade 6):8.1.2.1 Tests on the number of sample nuts in accordancewith the following table shall be performed by the manufac-tur
48、er following all production heat treatments:Lot Size SamplesUp to 800 1801 to 8000 28001 to 22 000 3Over 22 000 58.1.2.2 In addition, a hardness test shall be performed by themanufacturer in accordance with 8.1.5 on one sample nutselected from each nominal diameter and series from eachgrade and heat
49、 number following completion of all productionheat treatments.8.1.3 Number of Tests, Grades 2HM and 7M:8.1.3.1 Each nut shall be tested by Brinell or Rockwellmethods to ensure product conformance.8.1.3.2 In addition, 8.1.2.2 shall be met.8.1.4 Number of Tests, All Types of Grade 8Tests on thenumber of sample nuts in accordance with 8.1.2.1 shall beperformed by the manufacturer.8.1.5 Test 2In addition to the testing required by 8.1.2.1the manufacturer shall also perform h
