1、Designation:A194/A194M11 Designation: A194/A194M 12Endorsed byManufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USNRC-RDT StandardsStandard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure orHigh Temperature Service, or Both1This standard is issue
2、d under the fixed designation A194/A194M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial chan
3、ge since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range14 through 4 in.and metric M6 through M100 nominal. It al
4、so covers austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range14 in. and M6 nominal andabove. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions without the purchaserspermission are not allowed.1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought.
5、The material may be further processed by centerless grinding orby cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When annealed and strainhardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S1, the purchaser s
6、hould take specialcare to ensure that 8.2.2, Supplementary Requirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry,contract, and order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both
7、 inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
8、 in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153
9、M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel HardwareA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA962/A9
10、62M Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use atAny Temperature from Cryogenic to theCreep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and SteelB696 Specification for Co
11、atings of Cadmium Mechanically DepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of CadmiumE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated FastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodepo
12、sited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws,Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A0
13、1 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov.May 1, 2011.2012. Published December 201
14、1.June 2012. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 asA194/A194M10a.A194/A194M11. DOI: 10.1520/A0194_A0194M-112.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-194 in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
15、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
16、 an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
17、 to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ASME Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unifie
18、d Inch Screw ThreadsB 1.13M Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex NutsB 18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Austenitic GradesAll grades with a prefix of “8” or “9.”3.1.2 Ferritic GradesGrades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, a
19、nd 16.3.1.3 LotUnless otherwise specified (see Discussion below), a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size and gradeproduced by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.1 DiscussionWhen Supplementary Requirement S5 is invoked on the purchase order, the following definitions of a lotshall a
20、pply:3.1.3.2 For Grade 8 NutsThe quantity of all the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat of steeland made by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.3 For All Other Grade Nuts (see 8.2 and 8.1.2.1)All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from thesame heat
21、 number and heat treated in the same batch if batch-type heat treating equipment is used or heat treated in the samecontinuous run of not more than 8 h under the same conditions if continuous-type heat treating equipment is used.3.1.4 Type3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 NutsVariations within the grade designate
22、d by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and bymanufacturing process.3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 NutsVariations within the grade designated by the letter F as differentiated by chemical additions madefor machineability.3.1.5 SeriesThe dimensional relationship and geometry of the nuts as described in AS
23、ME B 18.2.2 or B 18.2.4.6M.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specification shall include the following as required to describe the materialadequately:4.1.1 Specification designation, year date, and grade, issue date and revision letter,4.1.2 Quantity, number of
24、 pieces,4.1.3 Dimensions (see Section 9),4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.3, and 12, and4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if any.4.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified by the purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8). Whencoated nuts are ordered, the pu
25、rchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly understood.4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be used in low temperature applications (Specification A320/A320M).4.4 Proof Load TestingSee Supplementary Requirement S9 for proof load testing of nuts manufactured
26、to dimensions andconfigurations other than those covered in Tables 3 and 4.5. Common Requirements5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M. Theserequirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, certif
27、ication, optional supplementary requirements, andothers. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance with this specification.In case of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall pr
28、evail.6. Manufacture (Process)6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shall be made by one of the following processes:6.1.1 Electric-furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional),6.1.2 Vacuum induction furnace, or6.1.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting,
29、 or consumable-arc remelting.6.2 The steel producer shall exercise adequate control to eliminate excessive unhomogeneity, nonmetallics, pipe, porosity, andother defects.6.3 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged, or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars.4Availabl
30、e from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A194/A194M 122TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,B,C,DGradeSymbolMaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,E%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Mol
31、yb-denum,%Tita-nium,%Colum-bium andTanta-lum, %Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%1 carbon 0.15 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 2HM,and 2Hcarbon 0.40 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 carbon,molyb-denum0.400.50 0.700.90 0.035 0.040 0.150
32、.35 . . . . . . 0.200.30 . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Type 501 0.10 min 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.06.0 . . . 0.400.65 . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Type 410 S41000 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type 416 S41600 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.15 min 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . .6F Type416SeS41623 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min7, 7M Type4140/4142/4145,4140H,4142H,4145H0.370.49 0.651.10 0.035 0.04 0.150.35 0.751.20 . . . 0.150.25 . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 8A Type 304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.
34、011.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8C, 8CA Type 347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . 10 xcarboncontent,min. .8CLN,8CLNAType347LNS34751 0.005-0.0202.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . 0.200.50,15 xcarboncontent,min0.060.10 .8M, 8MA Type 316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0
35、.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . . . . . . .8T, 8TA Type 321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . 5 x(C+N)min -0.70max. . . 0.10 . . .8F, 8FA Type 303 S30300 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8F, 8FA Type303SeS30323 0.15 2.
36、00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min8P, 8PA Type 305withrestrictedcarbonS30500 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 11.013.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8N, 8NA Type304NS30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168LN,8LNAType304LNS30
37、453 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168MN,8MNAType316NS31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168MLN,8MLNAType316LNS31653 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168R, 8RAFXM19 S20910 0.06 4.
38、06.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.523.5 11.513.5 1.503.00 . . . 0.100.30 0.200.40 Vanadium,0.100.308S, 8SA S21800 0.10 7.09.0 0.060 0.030 3.54.5 16.018.0 8.09.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.080.188MLCuN,8MLCuNAS31254 S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 . . . . . . 0.180.22 Copper,0.501.009C, 9
39、CA N08367 N08367 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0-22.0 23.5- 25.5 6.0-7.0 0.18-0.25 Copper0.7516 ChromiumMolyb-denumVanadium0.360.47 0.450.70 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 0.801.15 . . . 0.500.65 . . . . . . . . . Vanadium,0.250.35AluminumB0.015AThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted
40、 except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified and required.BTotal aluminum, soluble and insoluble.CMaximum, unless minimum or range is indicated.DWhere ellipses () appear in this table there is no requirement.EBecause of the degree to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulf
41、ur over 0.060 % max is not technologically appropriate.FAs described in Specification A276.A194/A194M 1236.3.1 All Grade 1 and 2 nuts shall be stress-relief annealed at a temperature of at least 1000 F 538 C after forming ormachining from bar with the following exceptions:6.3.1.1 Nuts made by hot fo
42、rging.6.3.1.2 Nuts machined from hot-forged or hot-rolled bar.6.3.1.3 Nuts machined from hot-forged/hot-rolled and cold-finished (max 10 % reduction in area) bar.6.3.1.4 Nuts machined from cold-drawn and annealed (min 1000 F 538 C) bar.6.3.2 Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or by machining fro
43、m hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need not be given any stressrelief annealing treatment.6.4 Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16 nuts shall be hot- or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and shall be heat treated to meet the required mechanical proper
44、ties. These grades shall be uniformlyreheated to the proper austenitizing temperature (a group thus reheated being known as a quenching charge) and quenched undersubstantially uniform conditions for each quenching charge and tempered as shown below. Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 7, and 7M shallbe liquid que
45、nched. Grades 6 and 6F shall be quenched in liquid or inert gas. Grade 16 shall be heated to a temperature range from1700 to 1750 F (925 to 955 C) and oil quenched.GradeMinimum Tempering Temperature, FC2H 850 4552HM 1150 6203 1050 5654 1100 5956 and 6F 1100 5957 1100 5957M 1150 62016 1200 650Nuts ma
46、chined from bar heat treated in accordance with this specification need not be reheat-treated. For Grade 2HM and 7Mnuts, a final stress relief shall be done at or above the minimum tempering temperature after all forming, machining, and tappingoperations. This final stress relief may be the temperin
47、g operation.6.4.1 Grade 6 and 6F nuts shall be tempered for a minimum of1hatthetemperature.6.5 Grades 8, 8C, 8CLN, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P, 8N, 8MN, 8R, 8S, 8LN, 8MLN, 8MLCuN, and 9C nuts shall be hot or cold forged,or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled or cold-drawn bars.6.6 Grades 8A, 8CA, 8CLNA
48、, 8MA, 8TA, 8FA, 8PA, 8NA, 8MNA, 8RA, 8SA, 8LNA, 8MLNA, 8MLCuNA, and 9CA nutsshall be hot- or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and the nuts shall subsequentlybe carbide-solution treated by heating them for a sufficient time at a temperature to dissolve
49、 chromium carbides followed bycooling at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of the carbides.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.TABLE 2 Hardness RequirementsAGrade and TypeCompleted Nuts Sample Nut after Treatment as in 8.1.5BrinellHardnessRockwell Hardness BrinellHardness,minRockwellHardness BScale, minC Scale B Scale1 121 min . 70 min 121 702 159 to 352 . 84 min 159 842H to 1
