1、Designation: A194/A194M 14 Endorsed byManufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USNRC-RDT StandardsStandard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure orHigh Temperature Service, or Both1This standard is issued under the fixed design
2、ation A194/A194M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revisi
3、on or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a variety of carbon, alloy, andmartensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range14 through 4in. and metric M6 through M100 nominal. It also coversaustenitic
4、stainless steel nuts in the size range14 in. and M6nominal and above. These nuts are intended for high-pressureor high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions with-out the purchasers permission are not allowed.1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought.The material may be f
5、urther processed by centerless grindingor by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solutionannealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When annealed andstrain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accor-dance with Supplementary Requirement S1, the purchasershould take special car
6、e to ensure that 8.2.2, SupplementaryRequirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry,contract, and order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in
7、 SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable“ M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not b
8、e exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown inbrackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Co
9、ating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA962/A962M Specification for Common R
10、equirements forBolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-genic to the Creep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc onIron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelB696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanical
11、lyDepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sortingof Ferrous MetalsF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Faste
12、ners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or CoatedFastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification for Zinc C
13、oating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Appli
14、cations and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A194/A194M13.DOI: 10.1520/A0194_A0194M-14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications s
15、ee related Specifi-cation SA-194 in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*
16、A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.2 Gages and Gaging
17、 for Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 1.13M Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex NutsB 18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Austenitic GradesAll grades with a prefix of “8” or“9.”3.1.2 Ferritic GradesGrades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F
18、, 7,7M, and 16.3.1.3 LotUnless otherwise specified (see Discussionbelow), a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size andgrade produced by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.1 DiscussionWhen Supplementary Requirement S5is invoked on the purchase order, the following definitions of alot
19、shall apply:3.1.3.2 For Grade 8 NutsThe quantity of all the nuts of asingle nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat ofsteel and made by the same manufacturing process.3.1.3.3 For All Other Grade Nuts(see 8.2 and8.1.2.1)All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grademade from the same
20、heat number and heat treated in the samebatch if batch-type heat treating equipment is used or heattreated in the same continuous run of not more than 8 h underthe same conditions if continuous-type heat treating equipmentis used.3.1.4 Type:3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 NutsVariations within the gradedesignat
21、ed by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and bymanufacturing process.3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 NutsVariations within the gradedesignated by the letter F as differentiated by chemical addi-tions made for machineability.3.1.5 SeriesThe dimensional relationship and geometry ofthe nuts as described in A
22、SME B 18.2.2 or B 18.2.4.6M.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion shall include the following as required to describe thematerial adequately:4.1.1 Specification designation, year date, and grade, issuedate and revision letter,4.1.2 Quantity, number o
23、f pieces,4.1.3 Dimensions (see Section 9),4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.3, and12, and4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if any.4.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8).When coated nuts are ordered, the pur
24、chaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be usedin low temperature applications (Specification A320/A320M).4.4 Proof Load TestingSee Supplementary RequirementS9 for proof load testing of nuts manufactured to
25、dimensionsand configurations other than those covered in Tables 3 and 4.5. Common Requirements5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M.These requirements include test methods, finish, threaddimensions, marking, certificati
26、on, optional supplementaryrequirements, and others. Failure to comply with the require-ments of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall preva
27、il.6. Manufacture (Process)6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shallbe made by one of the following processes:6.1.1 Electric-furnace (with separate degassing and refiningoptional),6.1.2 Vacuum induction furnace, or6.1.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting,or co
28、nsumable-arc remelting.6.2 The steel producer shall exercise adequate control toeliminate excessive unhomogeneity, nonmetallics, pipe,porosity, and other defects.6.3 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged, or shallbe machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars.6.3.1 All Grade 1
29、 and 2 nuts shall be stress-relief annealedat a temperature of at least 1000 F 538 C after forming ormachining from bar with the following exceptions:6.3.1.1 Nuts made by hot forging.6.3.1.2 Nuts machined from hot-forged or hot-rolled bar.6.3.1.3 Nuts machined from hot-forged/hot-rolled and cold-fin
30、ished (max 10 % reduction in area) bar.6.3.1.4 Nuts machined from cold-drawn and annealed (min1000 F 538 C) bar.6.3.2 Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or bymachining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need not be givenany stress relief annealing treatment.6.4 Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M
31、, and 16 nuts shallbe hot- or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and shall be heat treated to meetthe required mechanical properties. These grades shall beuniformly reheated to the proper austenitizing temperature (agroup thus reheated being known as a qu
32、enching charge) andquenched under substantially uniform conditions for eachquenching charge and tempered as shown below. Grades 2H,2HM, 3, 4, 7, and 7M shall be liquid quenched. Grades 6 and6F shall be quenched in liquid or inert gas. Grade 16 shall be4Available from American Society of Mechanical E
33、ngineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A194/A194M 142TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,B,C,DGradeSymbolMaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,E%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%Tita-nium,%Colum-bium %Nitrogen,
34、%OtherElements,%1 carbon 0.15 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 2HM,and 2Hcarbon 0.40 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Gcarbon,molyb-denum0.400.50 0.700.90 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 . . . . . . 0.200.30 . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Type 5
35、01 0.10 min 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.06.0 . . . 0.400.65 . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Type 410 S41000 0.080.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type 416 S41600 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.15 min 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type416SeS41623 0.15 1.25 0.060
36、0.060 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min7, 7M Type4140/4142/4145,4140H,4142H,4145H0.380.48 0.751.0 0.035 0.04 0.150.35 0.801.10 . . . 0.150.25 . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 8A Type 304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8C, 8CA Type 347 S
37、34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . 10 xcarboncontent,min 1.10. .8CLN,8CLNAType347LNS34751 0.005-0.0202.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . 0.200.50,15 xcarboncontent,min0.060.10 . . .8M, 8MA Type 316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . .8T, 8TA Type 321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . 5 x(C+N)min -0.70max. 0.10 .8F, 8FA Type 303 S30300 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8F, 8FA Type303SeS30323 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . .
39、 . . . . Selenium,0.15 min8P, 8PA Type 305 S30500 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 11.013.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8N, 8NA Type304NS30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168LN,8LNAType304LNS30453 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . .
40、. . 0.100.168MN,8MNAType316NS31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168MLN,8MLNAType316LNS31653 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168R, 8RAFXM19 S20910 0.06 4.06.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.523.5 11.513.5 1.503.00 . . . 0.100.30
41、 0.200.40 Vanadium,0.100.308S, 8SA S21800 0.10 7.09.0 0.060 0.030 3.54.5 16.018.0 8.09.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.080.188MLCuN,8MLCuNAS31254 S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 . . . . . . 0.180.22 Copper,0.501.009C, 9CA N08367 N08367 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0-22.0 23.5- 25
42、.5 6.0-7.0 0.18-0.25 Copper0.7516 ChromiumMolyb-denumVanadium0.360.47 0.450.70 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 0.801.15 . . . 0.500.65 . . . . . . . . . Vanadium,0.250.35AluminumB0.015AThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified an
43、d required.BTotal aluminum, soluble and insoluble.CMaximum, unless minimum or range is indicated.DWhere ellipses () appear in this table there is no requirement.EBecause of the degree to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulfur over 0.060 % max is not technologically appropriate.FAs desc
44、ribed in Specification A276.GGrade 4 is expected to be withdrawn within approximately 2 years. Grade 7 is an acceptable substitute for Grade 4. See 7.2.A194/A194M 143TABLE 2 Hardness RequirementsAGrade and TypeCompleted Nuts Sample Nut after Treatment as in 8.1.5BrinellHardnessRockwell Hardness Brin
45、ellHardness,minRockwellHardness BScale, minC Scale B Scale1 121 min . 70 min 121 702 159 to 352 . 84 min 159 842H to 112 in. or M36, incl 248 to 327 24 to 35 . 179 892H over 112 in. or M36 212 to 327 35 max 95 min 147 792HM and 7M 159 to 235 . 84 to 99 159 843, 4, 7, and 16 248 to 327 24 to 35 . 201
46、 946 and 6F 228 to 271 20 to 28 . . .8, 8C, 8CLN, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P,8N,8MN, 8LN, 8MLN,8MLCuN, and 9C126 to 300 32 max 60 min . .8A, 8CA, 8CLNA, 8MA, 8TA,8FA, 8PA, 8NA, 8MNA,8LNA, 8MLNA,8MLCuNA, and 9CA126 to 192 . 60 to 90 . .8R, 8RA, 8S, and 8SA 183 to 271 25 max 88 min . .AWhere ellipses () appear in
47、 this table there is no requirement.TABLE 3 Proof Load Using Threaded Mandrel Inch SeriesNOTE 1Proof loads are not design loads.NominalSize, in.Threadsper InchStress Areain.2Proof Load, lbfAGrade 1 Grades 2, 2HM, 6, 6F, 7M Grades 2H, 3, 4, 7, 16Heavy HexBHexCHeavy HexDHexEHeavy HexFHexG14 20 0.0316
48、4 130 3 820 4 770 4 300 5 570 4 770516 18 0.0524 6 810 6 290 7 860 7 070 9 170 7 86038 16 0.0774 10 080 9 300 11 620 10 460 13 560 11 620716 14 0.1063 13 820 12 760 15 940 14 350 18 600 15 94012 13 0.1419 18 450 17 030 21 280 19 160 24 830 21 280916 12 0.182 23 660 21 840 27 300 24 570 31 850 27 300
49、58 11 0.226 29 380 27 120 33 900 30 510 39 550 33 90034 10 0.334 43 420 40 080 50 100 45 090 58 450 50 10078 9 0.462 60 060 55 440 69 300 62 370 80 850 69 3001 8 0.606 78 780 72 720 90 900 81 810 106 000 90 900118 8 0.790 102 700 94 800 118 500 106 700 138 200 118 500114 8 1.000 130 000 120 000 150 000 135 000 175 000 150 000138 8 1.233 160 200 148 000 185 000 166 500 215 800 185 000112 8 1.492 194 000 170 040 223 800 201 400 261 100 223 800All Types of Grade 8, Grade
