1、Designation: A194/A194M 16A194/A194M 16a Endorsed byManufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USNRC-RDT StandardsStandard Specification forCarbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Boltsfor High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both1This sta
2、ndard is issued under the fixed designation A194/A194M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an
3、editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range 14 through 4 in.and metric M6 throug
4、h M100 nominal. It also covers austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range 14 in. and M6 nominal andabove. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions without the purchaserspermission are not allowed.1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made
5、shall be hot-wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding orby cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When annealed and strainhardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accordance with Supplementary Requireme
6、nt S1, the purchaser should take specialcare to ensure that 8.2.2, Supplementary Requirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry,contract, and order.1.4 This specificatio
7、n is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as stand
8、ard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
9、M Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel HardwareA276A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical
10、Testing of Steel ProductsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use atAny Temperature from Cryogenic to theCreep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron an
11、d SteelB696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically DepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of CadmiumE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Sorting of Ferrous Metals1 This specification is under the jurisdict
12、ion ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2016Dec. 1, 201
13、6. Published May 2016December 2016. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asA194/A194M 15a.A194/A194M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0194_A0194M-16.10.1520/A0194_A0194M-16A.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-194 in Section II of
14、that code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intend
15、ed only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
16、 versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F606F606/F606M Test Methods for De
17、termining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated FastenersF1941F1941/F1941M Speci
18、fication for Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners (Metric) F1941_F1941M MechanicalFasteners, Inch and MetricF2329F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME
19、 Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 1.13M Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex NutsB 18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts2.3 ISO Standards:54033 Hexagon High Nuts (Style 2) Product A and B3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to T
20、his Standard:3.1.1 Austenitic GradesAll grades with a prefix of “8” or “9.”3.1.2 Ferritic GradesGrades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16.3.1.3 LotUnless otherwise specified (see Discussion below), a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size and gradeproduced by the same manufactur
21、ing process.3.1.3.1 DiscussionWhen Supplementary Requirement S5 is invoked on the purchase order, the following definitions of a lot shall apply:3.1.3.2 For Grade 8 NutsThe quantity of all the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat of steeland made by the same manufactur
22、ing process.3.1.3.3 For All Other Grade Nuts(see 8.2 and 8.1.2.1)All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from thesame heat number and heat treated in the same batch if batch-type heat treating equipment is used or heat treated in the samecontinuous run of not more than 8 h under the
23、 same conditions if continuous-type heat treating equipment is used.3.1.4 Type:3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 NutsVariations within the grade designated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and bymanufacturing process.3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 NutsVariations within the grade designated by the letter F as diff
24、erentiated by chemical additions madefor machineability.3.1.5 SeriesThe dimensional relationship and geometry of the nuts as described inASME B 18.2.2 for inch nuts and ISO 4033for metric nuts sizes M6 through M10 and ASME B 18.2.4.6M for nuts sizes M12 through M100.4. Ordering Information4.1 The in
25、quiry and order for bolting material and bolting components under this specification shall include the following asrequired to describe the items adequately:4.1.1 Specification designation, year date, and grade, issue date and revision letter,4.1.2 Quantity, number of pieces,4.1.3 Dimensions (see Se
26、ction 9),4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.3, and 12, and4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if any.4.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified by the purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8). Whencoated nuts are ordered, the purchaser should take special care
27、 to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly understood.4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be used in low temperature applications (Specification A320/A320M).4.4 Proof Load TestingSee Supplementary Requirement S9 for proof load testing of nuts manufactured to dimensions andconfigurations
28、other than those covered in Tables 3 and 4.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP
29、 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.A194/A194M 16a2TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,B,C,DGradeSymbol MaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,E%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%Tita-nium,%Colum-bium,H %Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%1 carbon 0.15 min 1.00 0.040 0.05
30、0 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 2HM, and2Hcarbon 0.40 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4G carbon,molyb-denum0.400.50 0.700.90 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 . . . . . . 0.200.30 . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Type 501 0.10 min 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.06.0 . . . 0
31、.400.65 . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Type 410 S41000 0.080.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type 416 S41600 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.15 min 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6F Type416SeS41623 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Sele
32、nium,0.15 min7, 7M Type4140/4142/4145,4140H,4142H,4145H0.380.48 0.751.0 0.035 0.04 0.150.35 0.801.10 . . . 0.150.25 . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 8A Type 304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8C, 8CA Type 347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.
33、0 . . . . . . 10 xcarboncontent,min 1.10. . . . . .8CLN,8CLNAType347LNS34751 0.005-0.0202.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . 0.200.50,15 xcarboncontent,min0.060.10 . . .8M, 8MA Type 316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . . . . . . .8T, 8TA Type 321
34、 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . 5 x(C+N)min -0.70max. . . 0.10 . . .8F, 8FA Type 303 S30300 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8F, 8FA Type303SeS30323 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . Selenium,0.15 min8P, 8P
35、A Type 305 S30500 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 11.013.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8N, 8NA Type304NS30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168LN, 8LNA Type304LNS30453 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.100.168MN, 8MNA Type316N
36、S31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168MLN,8MLNAType316LNS31653 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.013.0 2.003.00 . . . . . . 0.100.168R, 8RAF XM19 S20910 0.06 4.06.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.523.5 11.513.5 1.503.00 . . . 0.100.30 0.200.40 Vanadium,0.100.30
37、8S, 8SA S21800 0.10 7.09.0 0.060 0.030 3.54.5 16.018.0 8.09.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.080.188MLCuN,8MLCuNAS31254 S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 . . . . . . 0.180.22 Copper,0.501.00B8ML4CuN S31730 S31730 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 17.019.0 15.016.5 3.04.0 . . . . . . 0.045 C
38、opper4.05.09C, 9CA N08367 N08367 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0-22.0 23.5- 25.5 6.0-7.0 0.18-0.25 Copper0.75A194/A194M16a3TABLE 1 ContinuedGradeSymbol MaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,E%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%Tita-nium,%Colum-bium,H %Nitrogen,%OtherElements
39、,%16 ChromiumMolyb-denumVanadium0.360.47 0.450.70 0.035 0.040 0.150.35 0.801.15 . . . 0.500.65 . . . . . . . . . Vanadium,0.250.35AluminumB0.015A The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified and required.B Total aluminum,
40、 soluble and insoluble.C Maximum, unless minimum or range is indicated.D Where ellipses () appear in this table there is no requirement and the element need not be determined or reported.E Because of the degree to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulfur over 0.060 % max is not technolog
41、ically appropriate.F As described in Specification A276A276/A276M.GGrade 4 is expected to be withdrawn within approximately 2 years. Grade 7 is an acceptable substitute for Grade 4. See 7.2.HColumbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are alternate names for element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.A194
42、/A194M16a45. Common Requirements5.1 Bolting material and bolting components supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA962/A962M, of which nuts are considered bolting components, as are bolts, studs, screws, and washers intended for use in specialservice applic
43、ations. These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, certification, optionalsupplementary requirements, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutesnonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the r
44、equirements of this specification and SpecificationA962/A962M, this specification shall prevail.6. Manufacture (Process)6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shall be made by one of the following processes:6.1.1 Electric-furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional),6.1.
45、2 Vacuum induction furnace, or6.1.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting, or consumable-arc remelting.6.2 The steel producer shall exercise adequate control to eliminate excessive unhomogeneity, nonmetallics, pipe, porosity, andother defects.6.3 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or c
46、old forged, or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars.6.3.1 All Grade 1 and 2 nuts shall be stress-relieved at a temperature of at least 1000 F 538 C after forming or machiningfrom bar with the following exceptions:6.3.1.1 Nuts made by hot forging.6.3.1.2 Nuts machined fro
47、m hot-forged or hot-rolled bar.6.3.1.3 Nuts machined from hot-forged/hot-rolled and cold-finished (max 10 % reduction in area) bar.6.3.1.4 Nuts machined from cold-drawn and annealed (min 1000 F 538 C) bar.6.3.2 Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or by machining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars
48、 need not be stress relieved.6.4 Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16 nuts shall be hot- or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and shall be heat treated to meet the required mechanical properties. These grades shall be uniformlyreheated to the prope
49、r austenitizing temperature (a group thus reheated being known as a quenching charge) and quenched undersubstantially uniform conditions for each quenching charge and tempered as shown below. Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 7, and 7M shallbe liquid quenched. Grades 6 and 6F shall be quenched in liquid or inert gas. Grade 16 shall be heated to a temperature range from1700 to 1750 F (925 to 955 C) and oil quenched.TABLE 2 Hardness RequirementsAGrade and TypeCompleted Nuts Sample Nut af
