1、Designation: A227/A227M 06 (Reapproved 2017)A227/A227M 17Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A227/A227M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 Thi
3、s specification covers two classes of round cold-drawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for themanufacture of mechanical springs springs, rings, and wire forms that are not subject to high stress or requiring high fatigueproperties and wire forms. properties.1.2 The values stated in e
4、ither SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This i
5、nternational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
6、Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy SteelA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods fo
7、r Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA764 Specification for Metallic Coated Carbon Steel Wire, Coated at Size and Drawn to Size for Mechanical SpringsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and
8、FerroalloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 American National Standard:B 32.4MB32.100 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products32.3 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civ
9、il Agencies)42.4 AIAG Standard:AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the respons
10、ibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirement may include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (mass),1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Re
11、latedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved March 15, 2017Sept. 1, 2017. Published March 2017September 2017. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20062017as A227/A227M 06 (2011).(2017). DOI: 10.1520/A0227
12、_A0227M-06R17.10.1520/A0227_A0227M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Americ
13、an National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
14、 an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pub
15、lished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.2 Name of material (cold-drawn steel mechanical spring wire)
16、 and class (Table 1 or Table 2),4.1.3 Wire diameter (SectionTable 1 or9Table 2),4.1.4 Packaging (Section 15),4.1.5 Cast or heat analysis report, if requested (Section 6),4.1.6 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Section 14), and4.1.5 ASTM designation and date of issue.NOTE 1Atypical
17、 ordering description is as follows: 15 000 kg Cold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire, Class I, Size 5.00 mm in 700-kg coils toASTMA227M dated_, or for non-SI units, 30 000 lb Cold-Drawn Mechanical SpringWire, Class I, Size 0.207 in. diameter in 500-lb coils toASTM A227dated_.4.2 The purchaser shall have
18、 the option to specify additional requirements, including but not limited to:4.2.1 Requirements for certifications, heat analysis or test reports (see Section 14),4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements (see Section 15), and4.2.3 Other special requirements, if any.NOTE 1Atypical ord
19、ering description is as follows: 15 000 kg Cold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire, Class I, Size 5.00 mm in 700-kg coils toASTMA227M dated_, or for non-SI units, 30 000 lb Cold-Drawn Mechanical SpringWire, Class I, Size 0.207 in. diameter in 500-lb coils toASTM A227dated_.5. Manufacture5.1 The steel may
20、be made by any commercially accepted steel-making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or strandcast. rod to be used in the manufacture of wire furnished to this specification shall be in accordance with SpecificationA510/A510M.5.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe and undue
21、 segregation.5.3 The wire shall be cold drawn to produce the desired mechanical properties.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 32.6.2 Cast or Heat AnalysisEach cast or heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer
22、to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 32. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the castor heat. When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 32.6.3 Product AnalysisAn ana
23、lysis may be made by the purchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat of steel. Thechemical composition thus determined, as to elements required or restricted, shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Table 3 of Specification A510/A510M.6.4 For referee purposes,
24、Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tension test specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 or Table 2.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for eac
25、h ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in agiven lot shall be tested.7.1.3 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be It shall be permissible for test specimens to be taken from either end or bothends of the coil.7.1.4 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made in accordance with
26、 Test Methods and Definitions A370.7.2 Wrap Test:7.2.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by the wrap test specimens shall conform to the requirements specified inTable 43 or Table 5. Wrap test on wires over 8.58.0 mm or 0.312 in. in diameter is not applicable. Since the conventional methodswil
27、l not accommodate over 8.58.0 mm or 0.312 in., an alternative test procedure shall be agreed upon between purchaser andproducer.7.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in agiven lot shall be tested.7.2.3 Location of T
28、estTest specimens shall be It shall be permissible for test specimens to be taken from either end or bothends of the coil.7.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, Supplement IV.AnnexA4.A227/A227M 172TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI UnitsRequi
29、rementsASI UnitsDiameter,BmmClass I Class IITensile Strength, MPa Tensile Strength MPamin max min max0.50 1960 2240 2240 25200.55 1940 2220 2220 25000.60 1920 2200 2200 24800.65 1900 2180 2180 24600.70 1870 2140 2140 24100.80 1830 2100 2100 23700.90 1800 2070 2070 23401.00 1770 2040 2040 23101.10 17
30、40 2000 2000 22601.20 1720 1980 1980 22401.40 1670 1930 1930 21801.60 1640 1880 1880 21201.80 1600 1840 1840 20802.00 1580 1810 1810 20402.20 1550 1780 1780 20102.50 1510 1730 1730 19602.80 1480 1700 1700 19203.00 1460 1680 1680 19003.50 1420 1630 1630 18404.00 1380 1590 1590 18004.50 1350 1550 1550
31、 17505.00 1320 1510 1510 17005.50 1300 1490 1490 16706.00 1280 1470 1470 16506.50 1250 1440 1440 16307.00 1220 1410 1410 16007.50 1200 1390 1390 15808.00 1190 1370 1370 15509.00 1160 1340 . . . . . .9.00 1160 1340 1340 152010.00 1130 1310 . . . . . .10.00 1130 1310 1310 149011.00 1110 1280 . . . . .
32、 .11.00 1110 1280 1280 145012.00 1090 1260 . . . . . .12.00 1090 1260 1260 143014.00 1050 1210 . . . . . .14.00 1050 1210 1210 138016.00 1010 1170 . . . . . .16.00 1010 1170 1170 1330Inch-pound UnitsDiameter, in.Class I Class IITensile Strength, ksi Tensile Strength, ksimin max min max0.020 283 323
33、324 3640.023 279 319 320 3600.026 275 315 316 3560.029 271 311 312 3520.032 266 306 307 3470.035 261 301 302 3420.041 255 293 294 3320.048 248 286 287 3250.054 243 279 280 3160.062 237 272 273 3080.072 232 266 267 3010.080 227 261 262 2960.092 220 253 254 2870.106 216 248 249 2810.120 210 241 242 27
34、30.135 206 237 238 2690.148 203 234 235 2660.162 200 230 231 2610.177 195 225 226 2560.192 192 221 222 2510.207 190 218 219 2470.225 186 214 215 2430.250 182 210 211 2390.312 174 200 201 2270.375 167 193 194 2200.438 161 186 187 2120.500 156 180 181 205A227/A227M 1738. Metallurgical Requirements8.1
35、Surface Condition:8.1.1 The surface of the wire as-received shall be free of rust, excessive scale, die marks, pits and scratches detrimental to theend application. Seams shall not exceed 3.5 % of the wire diameter or 0.25 mm 0.010 in., whichever is less.8.1.2 Location of TestTest specimens shall be
36、 It shall be permissible for test specimens to be taken from either or both endsof the coil.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wire shall be as specified in Table 64 or Table 7.SI UnitsDiameter,BmmClass I Class IITensile Strength, MPa Tensil
37、e Strength MPamin max min max0.562 152 176 177 2010.625 147 170 171 194A Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.B Preferredsizes.Foracompletelist,refertoANSIB32.4M,PreferredMetricSizesfor Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products.TABLE 2 Tensile Requirement
38、s, Inch-Pound UnitsADiameter, in.Class I Class IITensile Strength, ksi Tensile Strength, ksimin max min max0.020 283 323 324 3640.023 279 319 320 3600.026 275 315 316 3560.029 271 311 312 3520.032 266 306 307 3470.035 261 301 302 3420.041 255 293 294 3320.048 248 286 287 3250.054 243 279 280 3160.06
39、2 237 272 273 3080.072 232 266 267 3010.080 227 261 262 2960.092 220 253 254 2870.106 216 248 249 2810.120 210 241 242 2730.135 206 237 238 2690.148 203 234 235 2660.162 200 230 231 2610.177 195 225 226 2560.192 192 221 222 2510.207 190 218 219 2470.225 186 214 215 2430.250 182 210 211 2390.312 174
40、200 201 2270.375 167 193 194 2200.438 165 190 191 2160.500 156 180 181 2050.562 152 176 177 2010.625 147 170 171 294A Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.B Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI/ASME B32.100, PreferredMetric Sizes for Round, Square,
41、Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products.TABLE 32 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Carbon 0.450.85AManganese 0.301.30BPhosphorus, max 0.040Sulfur, max 0.050Silicon 0.150.35A Carbon in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.13 %.B Manganese in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.30 %.A227/A
42、227M 17410. Workmanship and Appearance10.1 WorkmanshipThe wire shall not be kinked or improperly cast. To test for cast, a few convolutions of wire shall be cutfrom the coil and placed on a flat surface. The wire shall lie flat on itself and not spring up excessively nor show a wavy condition.TABLE
43、4 Wrap Test Requirements, SI UnitsDiameter, mmMandrel SizeClass I Class II0.50 to 4.0, inclOver 4.0 to 8.0, incl1XA2X2X4XTABLE 3 Wrap Test RequirementsASI UnitsDiameter, mmMandrel SizeClass I Class II0.50 to 4.0, incl 1X 2XOver 4.0 to 8.0, incl 2X 4XInch-pound UnitsDiameter, in. Mandrel SizeClass I
44、Class II0.020 to 0.162, incl 1X 2XOver 0.162 to 0.312, incl 2X 4XA For 1X mandrel, wire shall be wrapped on itself.TABLE 5 Wrap Test Requirements, Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in.Mandrel SizeClass I Class II0.020 to 0.162, incl 1XA 2XOver 0.162 to 0.312, incl 2X 4XA For 1X mandrel, wire shall be wound
45、on itself. The symbol “X” represents thediameter of the wire tested.TABLE 64 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter,SI UnitsASI UnitsDiameter, mmPermissibleVariations,plus and minus,mmPermissible Out-ofRound, Out-of-round,mmTo 0.70, incl 0.02 0.020.50t to 0.70, incl 0.02 0.02Over 0.70 to 2.00, incl
46、 0.03 0.03Over 2.00 to 9.00, incl 0.05 0.05Over 2.00 to 9.50, incl 0.05 0.05Over 9.00 0.08 0.08Over 9.50 0.08 0.08Inch-pound UnitsDiameter, in.PermissibleVariations,plus and minus,in.Permissible Out-of-round, in.0.020 to 0.028, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.028 to 0.075, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.075 to 0.3
47、75, incl 0.002 0.002Over 0.375 to 0.625, incl 0.003 0.003A For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter, Inch-PoundUnitsADiameter, in.PermissibleVariations, plus andminus,
48、in.PermissibleOut-of-Round, in.0.020 to 0.028, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.028 to 0.075, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.075 to 0.375, incl 0.002 0.002Over 0.375 to 0.625, incl 0.003 0.003A For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E
49、29.A227/A227M 17510.1.1 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wire, properly coiled and firmly tied. Welds made prior to cold drawing arepermitted.10.2 FinishThe wire finish shall be suitable for forming and coiling. It is not intended that this material be supplied with ametallic coating. For cold drawn wire with metallic coatings, see Specification A764.11. Retests11.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or shows the presence of a weld, it shall be discarded and another specimensubstituted.12. Inspection12.1 Unle
