1、Designation: A 228/A 228M 02Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Music Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 228/A 228M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers a high quality, round, cold-
3、drawn steel music spring quality wire, uniform in mechanicalproperties, intended especially for the manufacture of springssubject to high stresses or requiring good fatigue properties.1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
4、values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-fore, each system must be used independently of the other.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products2A 510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and C
5、oarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel2A 510M Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel Metric2A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment3A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis
6、 of Steel Products2A 938 Standard Test Method for Torsion Testing of Wire2A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys4E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications5E 1077 Test Method for Estimating the D
7、epth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens62.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage72.3 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123, Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)72.4 American National Standard:B32.4 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectan
8、gle,and Hexagon Metal Products82.5 AIAG Standard:AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard93. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this speci-fication, refer to Terminology A 941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purch
9、aser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (mass),4.1.2 Name of material (music steel spring wire),4.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 9),4.1.4 Finish (see 1
10、0.2),4.1.5 Packaging (Section 15),4.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (see 6.2),4.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 14), and4.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE 1A typical metric ordering description is as follows: 2500 kgMusic Spring Wire, 1.40 mm diame
11、ter, phosphate coated in 25 kg coils toASTM A 288M dated _, or for inch-pound units, 5000 lb MusicSpring Wire, 0.055 in. diameter, phosphate coated in 50 lb coils to ASTMA 288 dated _.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel-making process. The steel ma
12、y be either ingot cast orstrand cast. The rod to be used in the manufacture of wirefurnished to this specification shall be in accordance withSpecification A 510 or A 510M.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the dire
13、ct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originallypublished as A 228 39 T. Last previous edition A 228/A 228M 00.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.4Annual Book of AS
14、TM Standards, Vol 01.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.8Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 Wes
15、t 42nd Street,13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.9Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite200, Southfield, MI 48034.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The finished wire shall be free from
16、detrimental pipeand undue segregation.5.3 The wire shall be cold drawn to produce the desiredmechanical properties.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 2.6.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufact
17、urer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.When requested in the purchase order, the heat analysis shallbe reported to the purchaser.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by
18、thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The chemical composition thus determined, as to elementsrequired or restricted, shall conform to the product analysisrequirements specified in Table 7 of Specification A 510M orA 510.6.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, an
19、dTerminology A 751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tensiontest specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom each end of every coil or from the top or
20、outside end ofeach reel or spool.7.1.3 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7.1.4 For wire diameters over 6.0 mm 0.250 in., mechani-cal properties and chemical composition shall be negotiatedbetween purchaser and supplier and shall be include
21、d on theorder information.7.2 Wrap Test:7.2.1 RequirementsThe wrap test shall be applied only tosizes smaller than 0.70 mm 0.028 in. in diameter.7.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom the top or outside end of each coil, reel or spool and shallbe tested for conformance.7.2.3 Test
22、MethodEach test specimen shall be closedwound on an arbor of its own diameter for a minimum of fourfull wraps. Wire so tested shall not show any splits or fractures.7.3 Torsion Test:7.3.1 RequirementsThe torsion test shall be applied towire sizes 0.70 mm 0.028 in. and larger in diameter. For wiresiz
23、es smaller in diameter than 0.70 mm 0.028 in., the torsiontest may be substituted for the wrap test (7.2). In this case, theminimum number of torsions to failure will be equivalent to 25in a test length of 100d.7.3.2 Number of testsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom the top or outside end of each
24、coil, reel, or spool and shallbe tested for conformance.7.3.3 Test MethodTest specimens shall be prepared andtested as shown in A 938 with the following exception. TheTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsSI UnitsDiameter,mmA,BTensile Strength, MPaDiameter,mmA,BTensile Strength, MPamin max min max0.10 3000 33
25、00 0.90 2200 24500.11 2950 3250 1.00 2150 24000.12 2900 3200 1.1 2120 23800.14 2850 3150 1.2 2100 23500.16 2800 3100 1.4 2050 23000.18 2750 3050 1.6 2000 22500.20 2700 3000 1.8 1980 22200.22 2680 2980 2.0 1950 22000.25 2650 2950 2.2 1900 21500.28 2620 2920 2.5 1850 21000.30 2600 2900 2.8 1820 20500.
26、35 2550 2820 3.0 1800 20000.40 2500 2750 3.2 1780 19800.45 2450 2700 3.5 1750 19500.50 2400 2650 3.8 1720 19200.55 2380 2620 4.0 1700 19000.60 2350 2600 4.5 1680 18800.65 2320 2580 5.0 1650 18500.70 2300 2550 5.5 1620 18200.80 2250 2500 6.0 1600 1800Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.ATensile Strength,ksiD
27、iameter,in.ATensile Strength,ksimin max min max0.004 439 485 0.055 300 3310.005 426 471 0.059 296 3270.006 415 459 0.063 293 3240.007 407 449 0.067 290 3210.008 399 441 0.072 287 3170.009 393 434 0.076 284 3140.010 387 428 0.080 282 3120.011 382 422 0.085 279 3080.012 377 417 0.090 276 3050.013 373
28、412 0.095 274 3030.014 369 408 0.100 271 3000.015 365 404 0.102 270 2990.016 362 400 0.107 268 2960.018 356 393 0.110 267 2950.020 350 387 0.112 266 2940.022 345 382 0.121 263 2900.024 341 377 0.125 261 2880.026 337 373 0.130 259 2860.028 333 368 0.135 258 2850.030 330 365 0.140 256 2830.032 327 361
29、 0.145 254 2810.034 324 358 0.150 253 2790.036 321 355 0.156 251 2770.038 318 352 0.162 249 2750.040 315 349 0.177 245 2700.042 313 346 0.192 241 2670.045 309 342 0.207 238 2640.048 306 339 0.225 235 2600.051 303 335 0.250 230 255ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolate
30、d.BPreferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4, Preferred MetricSizes for Round, Square, Rectangle and Hexagon Metal Products.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Carbon 0.701.00Manganese 0.200.60Phosphorus, max 0.025Sulfur, max 0.030Silicon 0.100.30A 228/A 228M 022minimu
31、m number of torsions (twists) to failure in a test lengthof 100d (where d = the wire diameter being tested) are shownin Table 3.7.3.4 Following completion of the torsion test, the torsionfracture shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of thetest specimen and the surface of the test specimen
32、 shall not besplit. Secondary (recoil) fractures shall be ignored.7.3.5 Test lengths other than 100d may be utilized. In thiscase, the minimum number of torsions to failure shall beadjusted in direct proportion to the change in test length asdetermined by the following formula:Tx5Td3 LxLd(1)whereTx=
33、 minimum number of torsions for new test length,Td= minimum number of torsions for 100d test length,Lx= new test length, andLd= 100d test length8. Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:8.1.1 The surface of the wire as-received shall be free ofrust, excessive scale, die marks, pits, and scr
34、atches detrimentalto the end application. Seams shall not exceed 2 % of the wirediameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in., whichever is less.8.1.2 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither or both ends of the coil.8.2 Decarburization:8.2.1 The maximum affected depth of decarburization shallnot ex
35、ceed 2 % of the wire diameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in.,whichever is less. The maximum average partial decarburiza-tion depth shall not exceed 1.5% of the wire diameter whenmeasured using the test method described in 8.2.3.8.2.2 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined byetching a suitably polished
36、 transverse section of wire withnital. The entire periphery to be examined should be in a singleplane with no edge rounding. (See Test Method E 1077.)8.2.3 The entire periphery shall be examined at a magnifi-cation of no less than 1003 for depth of free ferrite andmaximum affected depth. Smaller wir
37、e sizes may requirehigher magnification. Complete decarburization exists whenonly free ferrite is present. The worst case location shall beused to position perpendicular bisectors as shown in Fig. 1. Thedepth of decarburization (D) shall be measured at each of thefour points where the perpendicular
38、bisectors cross the circum-ference of the wire. The four readings so obtained shall beaveraged, and the average shall not exceed 1.5% of the wirediameter.8.2.4 The purchaser may specify more restrictive decarbur-ization requirements where necessary for special applications.These requirements shall b
39、e negotiated between the purchaserand supplier and must be included in the order information.8.2.5 There are no decarburization requirements for wiresizes smaller in diameter than 2.0 mm 0.078 in.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall
40、be as specified in Table 4.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 WorkmanshipThe wire shall not be kinked or im-properly cast. To test for cast, one convolution of wire shall becut from the coil, reel, or spool and placed on a flat surface. TheTABLE 3 Test Lengths for Torsion TestSI UnitsDiamet
41、er, mm Number of Torsions in 100d0.70 to 2.0, incl 25over 2.0 to 3.5, incl 20over 3.5 to 6.0, incl 15Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Number of Torsions in 100d0.028 to 0.079, incl 25over 0.079 to 0.138, incl 20over 0.138 to 0.250, incl 15FIG. 1 Positioning of Perpendicular BisectorsTABLE 4 Permissible
42、 Variations in Wire DiameterASI UnitsDiameter, mmPermissibleVariations, plusand minus, mmPermissibleOut-of-Round,mmto 0.25, incl 0.005 0.005Over 0.25 to 0.70, incl 0.008 0.008Over 0.70 to 1.50, incl 0.010 0.010Over 1.50 to 2.00, incl 0.013 0.013Over 2.00 0.03 0.03Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in.Permiss
43、ibleVariations, plusand minus, in.PermissibleOut-of-Round,in.0.004 to 0.010, incl 0.0002 0.0002Over 0.010 to 0.028, incl 0.0003 0.0003Over 0.028 to 0.063, incl 0.0004 0.0004Over 0.063 to 0.080, incl 0.0005 0.0005Over 0.080 to 0.250, incl 0.001 0.001AFor purposes of determining conformance with this
44、specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E 29.A 228/A 228M 023wire shall not spring up nor show a wavy condition. Wirebelow 4.0 mm or 0.156 in. diameter shall lie flat while wirediameters larger than the above shall lie substantially flat.10.1.1 Each coil, reel, or spoo
45、l shall be one continuouslength of wire, properly coiled and firmly tied.10.1.2 Welds made prior to cold drawing are permitted. Ifunmarked welds are unacceptable to the purchaser, specialarrangements should be made with the manufacturer at the timeof purchase.10.2 FinishMusic wire is supplied with m
46、any differenttypes of finish such as bright, phosphate, tin, and others. Finishdesired should be specified on purchase orders.11. Retests11.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld, it shall be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.12. Inspection12.1 Unless
47、otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in this specifica-tion. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitablefac
48、ilities for the performance of the inspection and testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right toperform any of the inspections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspections and tests are deemednecessary to a
49、ssure that the material conforms to prescribedrequirements.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on testsmade in accordance with these specifications shall be reportedto the manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigationmay be initiated.13.2 The material shall be adequately protected and identi-fied correctly for the manufacturer to make a proper investi-gation.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducers or suppliers certification shall be furnis
