1、Designation: A228/A228M 16Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Music Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A228/A228M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of round, cold-dr
3、awn steel music spring quality wire, uniform in mechanicalproperties, intended especially for the manufacture of springssubject to high stresses or requiring good fatigue properties.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stat
4、ed ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Ste
5、el ProductsA510/A510M Specification for General Requirements forWire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA938 Test Method for
6、 Torsion Testing of WireA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens2.2 Federal S
7、tandard:Fed. Std. No. 123, Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)32.3 American National Standard:4B32.100 Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat, Round, Square,Rectangular, and Hexagonal Metal Products2.4 AIAG Standard:5AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification TagApplica-tion Standard3. Terminology3.1 D
8、efinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for steel wire under this specification shallcontain the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (weight in lbs, or mass in kg),4.1.2 Name (music steel spring wire) and type (Type 1
9、 orType 2) of material,4.1.3 Diameter (Table 1 and Section 9),4.1.4 Finish (see 10.2),4.1.5 Packaging (Section 15), and4.1.6 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additionalrequirements, including but not limited to:4.2.1 Requirements for certification
10、s, heat, or test reports,(see Section 14),4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements(see Section 15), and4.2.3 Other special requirements, if any,NOTE 1A typical inch-pound units ordering description is as follows:10 000 lb Music Steel Spring Wire, Type 1, 0.055 in. diameter, phosphate
11、1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous editio
12、n approved in 2014 as A228/A228M 14.DOI: 10.1520/A0228_A0228M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM webs
13、ite.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 191115098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from
14、Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis interna
15、tional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
16、ttee.1coated in 1000 lb coils to ASTM A288M_A228M dated _, or formetric units, 5000 kg Music Steel Spring Wire, Type 1, 1.40 mm diameter,phosphate coated in 500 kg coils to ASTM A288 dated _.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel-making process. The r
17、od to be used in the manufacture ofwire furnished to this specification shall be in accordance withSpecification A510/A510M.5.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.5.3 The wire shall be cold drawn to produce the desiredmechanical properties.5.3.1 Type 1 wire sh
18、all be directly drawn from eitheras-rolled rods or from air patented rods or wire to the final wirediameter.5.3.2 Type 2 wire shall be drawn from either patented rod orpatented wire to the final wire diameter. Air patenting is notallowed.5.3.3 Type 2 wire may be substituted for Type 1 wire.Conversel
19、y, Type 1 wire may not be substituted for Type 2wire.NOTE 2The method of patenting, and in particular the method utilizedfor controlled cooling, can be designed to optimize the microstructure andmechanical properties of either patented wire rod or patented wire, as wellas of wires drawn from either
20、of these. Because patenting is performed ina linear manner rather than in a coiled or serpentine manner, theuniformity of microstructure and mechanical properties along the patentedwire or patented wire rod length is improved compared to that existing ineither of these prior to patenting.6. Chemical
21、 Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 2.6.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably
22、taken during the pouring of the heat.When requested in the purchase order, the heat analysis shallbe reported to the purchaser.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The chemical composition thus determined, as to elementsrequir
23、ed or restricted, shall conform to the product analysisrequirements specified in Table 3 of Specification A510/A510M.6.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tensiont
24、est specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsInch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.ATensile Strength,ksi Diameter,in.ATensile Strength,ksimin max min max0.004 439 485 0.059 296 3270.005 426 471 0.063 293 3240.006 415 459 0.067 290 3210.007 407 449 0.072 287
25、3170.008 399 441 0.076 284 3140.009 393 434 0.080 282 3120.010 387 428 0.085 279 3080.011 382 422 0.090 276 3050.012 377 417 0.095 274 3030.013 373 412 0.100 271 3000.014 369 408 0.102 270 2990.015 365 404 0.107 268 2960.016 362 400 0.110 267 2950.018 356 393 0.112 266 2940.020 350 387 0.121 263 290
26、0.022 345 382 0.125 261 2880.024 341 377 0.130 259 2860.026 337 373 0.135 258 2850.028 333 368 0.140 256 2830.030 330 365 0.145 254 2810.032 327 361 0.150 253 2790.034 324 358 0.156 251 2770.036 321 355 0.162 249 2750.038 318 352 0.177 245 2700.040 315 349 0.192 241 2670.042 313 346 0.207 238 2640.0
27、45 309 342 0.225 235 2600.048 306 339 0.250 230 2550.051 303 335 0.262 228 2530.055 300 331 0.283 223 248SI UnitsDiameter,mmATensile Strength, MPa Diameter,mmATensile Strength, MPamin max min max0.10 3000 3300 1.1 2120 23800.11 2950 3250 1.2 2100 23500.12 2900 3200 1.4 2050 23000.14 2850 3150 1.6 20
28、00 22500.16 2800 3100 1.8 1980 22200.18 2750 3050 2.0 1950 22000.20 2700 3000 2.2 1900 21500.22 2680 2980 2.5 1850 21000.25 2650 2950 2.8 1820 20500.28 2620 2920 3.0 1800 20000.30 2600 2900 3.2 1780 19800.35 2550 2820 3.5 1750 19500.40 2500 2750 3.8 1720 19200.45 2450 2700 4.0 1700 19000.50 2400 265
29、0 4.5 1680 18800.55 2380 2620 5.0 1650 18500.60 2350 2600 5.5 1620 18200.65 2320 2580 6.0 1600 18000.70 2300 2550 6.5 1580 17800.80 2250 2500 7.0 1550 17500.90 2200 2450 7.2 1540 17401.00 2150 2400ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsEl
30、ement Composition, %Carbon 0.701.00Manganese 0.200.70Phosphorus, max 0.025Sulfur, max 0.030Silicon 0.100.30A228/A228M 1627.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom the top or outside end of each coil, reel, or spool, andshall be tested for conformance.7.1.3 Test MethodThe tension test
31、 shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.7.1.4 For wire diameters over 0.283 in. 7.2 mm, mechani-cal properties shall be negotiated between purchaser andsupplier and shall be included on the order information.7.2 Wrap Test:7.2.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to the
32、requirements prescribed in Table 3. The requirement forconformance to wrap test on wires above 0.283 in. 7.2 mm indiameter shall be agreed upon between purchaser and producer.7.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom the top or outside end of each coil, reel or spool and shallbe test
33、ed for conformance.7.2.3 Test MethodEach test specimen shall be closedwound on an arbor as prescribed in Table 3 for a minimum offour full wraps. Wire so tested shall not show any splits orfractures.7.3 Torsion Test:7.3.1 RequirementsThe torsion test shall be applied towire sizes 0.70 mm 0.028 in. a
34、nd larger in diameter. For wiresizes smaller in diameter than 0.70 mm 0.028 in., the torsiontest may be substituted for the wrap test (7.2). In this case, theminimum number of torsions to failure will be equivalent to 25in a test length of 100d.7.3.2 Number of testsOne test specimen shall be takenfr
35、om the top or outside end of each coil, reel, or spool and shallbe tested for conformance.7.3.3 Test MethodTest specimens shall be prepared andtested as shown in A938 with the following exception. Theminimum number of torsions (twists) to failure in a test lengthof 100d (where d = the wire diameter
36、being tested) are shownin Table 4.7.3.4 Following completion of the torsion test, the torsionfracture shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of thetest specimen and the surface of the test specimen shall not besplit. Secondary (recoil) fractures shall be ignored.7.3.5 Test lengths other tha
37、n 100d may be utilized. In thiscase, the minimum number of torsions to failure shall beadjusted in direct proportion to the change in test length asdetermined by the following formula:Tx5Td3LxLd(1)whereTx= minimum number of torsions for new test length,Td= minimum number of torsions for 100d test le
38、ngth,Lx= new test length, andLd= 100d test length7.3.6 For wire diameters over 0.283 in. 7.2 mm, therequirement for torsion testing shall be negotiated betweenpurchaser and supplier and shall be included on the orderinformation.8. Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:8.1.1 The surface of
39、the wire as-received shall be free ofrust, excessive scale, die marks, pits, and scratches detrimentalto the end application. Seams shall not exceed 2 % of the wirediameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in., whichever is less.8.1.2 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither or both ends of the coil
40、.8.2 Decarburization:8.2.1 The maximum affected depth of decarburization shallnot exceed 2 % of the wire diameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in.,whichever is less. The maximum average partial decarburiza-tion depth shall not exceed 1.5% of the wire diameter whenmeasured using the test method described in 8.2.
41、3.8.2.2 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined byetching a suitably polished transverse section of wire withnital. The entire periphery to be examined should be in a singleplane with no edge rounding. (See Test Method E1077.)8.2.3 The entire periphery shall be examined at a magnifi-cation of
42、 no less than 100 for depth of free ferrite andmaximum affected depth. Smaller wire sizes may requirehigher magnification. Complete decarburization exists whenonly free ferrite is present. The worst case location shall beused to position perpendicular bisectors as shown in Fig. 1.Thedepth of decarbu
43、rization (D) shall be measured at each of thefour points where the perpendicular bisectors cross the circum-ference of the wire. The four readings so obtained shall beaveraged, and the average shall not exceed 1.5% of the wirediameter.8.2.4 The purchaser may specify more restrictive decarbur-ization
44、 requirements where necessary for special applications.These requirements shall be negotiated between the purchaserand supplier and must be included in the order information.TABLE 3 Wrap Test RequirementsInch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Mandrel SizeLess than 0.028 10.028 to 0.256, incl 2Over 0.256 to 0
45、.283, incl 3SI UnitsDiameter, mm Mandrel SizeLess than 0.70 10.70 to 6.5, incl 2Over 6.5 to 7.2, incl 3TABLE 4 Number of Torsions to Failure for Torsion TestInch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Number of Torsions in 100d0.028 to 0.079, incl 25over 0.079 to 0.138, incl 20over 0.138 to 0.283, incl 15SI Units
46、Diameter, mm Number of Torsions in 100d0.70 to 2.0, incl 25over 2.0 to 3.5, incl 20over 3.5 to 7.2, incl 15A228/A228M 1638.2.5 There are no decarburization requirements for wiresizes smaller in diameter than 2.0 mm 0.078 in.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 The permissible variations in th
47、e diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 5.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 WorkmanshipThe wire shall not be kinked or im-properly cast. To test for cast, one convolution of wire shall becut from the coil, reel, or spool and placed on a flat surface.Thewire shall not spring up
48、 nor show a wavy condition. Wirebelow 4.0 mm or 0.156 in. diameter shall lie flat while wirediameters larger than the above shall lie substantially flat.10.1.1 Each coil, reel, or spool shall be one continuouslength of wire, properly coiled and firmly tied.10.1.2 Welds made prior to cold drawing are
49、 permitted. Ifunmarked welds are unacceptable to the purchaser, specialarrangements should be made with the manufacturer at the timeof purchase.10.2 FinishMusic wire is supplied with many differentkinds of finish such as bright, phosphate, tin, and others. Finishdesired should be specified on purchase orders.11. Retests11.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld, it shall be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.12. Inspection12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase
