1、Designation: A232/A232M 05 (Reapproved 2011)1A232/A232M 18Standard Specification forChromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A232/A232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTEUnits
3、 were re-ordered editorially throughout in July 2011.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniformin quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue pr
4、operties when usedat moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. Thiswire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units o
5、r inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This international sta
6、ndard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Ref
7、erenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology R
8、elating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel2.2 ANSI St
9、andard:3B 32.4 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products2.2 Federal Standard:3Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.3 MilitaryEuropean Standard:4MIL-STD-163EN 10270-2 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and StorageWire for Mechanical
10、 Springs Part 2:Oil-Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel Wire of Unalloyed and Alloyed Steels2.5 AIAG Standard:5AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is th
11、e direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved July 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2018. Published July 2011September 2018. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asA232/A232M 05.A232/A232M 05 (2011)1. DOI: 10.1520/A0232_A0232M-05R11E01
12、.10.1520/A0232_A0232M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National S
13、tandards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.4 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield,
14、 MI 48034.European Committee for Standardization,CEN-CENELEC Management Centre Avenue Marnix 17-B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit
15、may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at
16、the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standa
17、rd:3.2.1 billet, nan as-cast or forged section, typically available for transport, inspection, and conditioning, that is used as rawmaterial for wire rod manufacture.3.2.2 bloom, nan as-cast or forged section used as raw material for billet manufacture.3.2.3 equivalent round diameter, ndiameter of a
18、 round wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped wire.3.2.4 round wire, nwire having a circular cross section.3.2.5 shape factor, na value used to obtain cross sectional area for shaped wires when multiplied by measured width andmeasured thickness.3.2.6 shaped wire, nwire having
19、a non-circular cross section.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following information for each ordered item:4.1.1 Quantity (mass),4.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality wire),4.1.3 Dimensions (Section 9),4.1.
20、4 Condition (Section 7), and4.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.2 Orders for material under this specification should include the following information for each ordered item: The purchasershall have the option to specify additional requirements, including but not limited to:3.1.1 Quantity (ma
21、ss),3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality wire),4.2.1 Dimensions Requirements for certifications, heat analysis or test reports (Table 16.2 and Section 814),3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),4.
22、2.2 Certification or test report, or both, if specified Special packing, marking, and loading requirements (Section 1315), and4.2.3 ASTM designation and year of issue. Other special requirements, if any.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: For inch-poundSI units, 40 000 lb20 000 kg oi
23、l-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel valvespring quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb 6.00 mm in 150 kg coils to ASTM A232/A232M dated _; or for SI units, 20 000 kg_. Forinch-pound units, 40 000 lb oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality wire, size 6.00 mm in 150 kg 0.2
24、50 in. in 350-lb coils toASTM A232/A232M dated _._.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel mayshall be made by any commercially accepted steel making process. The steel shall be continuously cast. a steelmaking process combined with secondary ladle refining that is capable of satisfying the inclus
25、ion content requirements of thisspecification5.2 The steel shall be continuously cast into blooms and rolled into billets.5.3 Billet conditioning shall precede wire rod manufacture. The resulting wire rods shall be of sufficient surface quality thatwhen combined with a surface removal operation perf
26、ormed prior to or during the wire manufacturing operation the resulting wireshall satisfy the surface condition and decarburization requirements of this specification.5.4 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation.5.5 Alternate manufacturing processes may be used upo
27、n agreement between purchaser and supplier provided that the minimumrequirements of this standard are met.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified in Table 21.6.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to
28、 determine the percentage of elements prescribedin Table 21. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. When requested,this shall be reported to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 21.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may
29、be made by the purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel. Theaverage of all the separate determinations made shall be within the limits specified in the analysis column. IndividualA232/A232M 182determinations may vary to the extent shown in the product analysis tolerance column, e
30、xcept that the several determinations ofa single element in any one heat shall not vary both above and below the specified range.6.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties6.1 Annealed and Cold-DrawnWhen purchased in the annealed and
31、 cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been given asufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchasers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition to respondproperly to heat treatment. In special cases the hardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.7.1 Oil Tem
32、peredTension Test: When purchased in the oil-tempered condition, the tensile strength and minimum percentreduction of area, sizes 0.105 in. 2.50 mm and coarser, of the wire shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.7.1.1 Requirements for Annealed and Cold Drawn WiresTension test requir
33、ements, if any, shall be stated on the purchaseorder.7.1.2 Requirements for Oil Tempered WiresThe material as represented by tension test specimens shall conform to therequirements in Table 2. Variation in tensile strength within a coil shall not exceed 70 Mpa 10.15 ksi.7.1.3 Number of TestsOne For
34、oil-tempered wires, each coil in a lot shall be tested. When specified for annealed and colddrawn wires, one test specimen shall be taken for each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given lot shall be tested.7.1.4 Location of TestsTest For oil-tempered wires, test specimens sh
35、all be taken from both ends of the coil. For annealed andcold drawn wires, it shall be permissible for test specimens to be taken from either end of the coil.7.1.5 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Any tensile testspecimen breaking in the
36、 tensile grips shall be discarded and a new specimen tested if the specified mechanical properties are notachieved. For shaped wires, cross sectional area shall be calculated either using the procedure in Test Methods E8/E8M for uniformbut nonsymmetrical cross-sections, or measuring width and thickn
37、ess and multiplying by a shape factor. Reduction of area forshaped wires shall be calculated by using this shape factor. Measure the maximum and minimum dimension on the necked downsection and multiply by the shape factor to estimate the cross sectional area for use in the standard reduction of area
38、 calculation.7.1.5.1 Upon agreement between purchaser and supplier, the shape factor for the design provided by the wire mill shall bepermissible to be adopted for use. In other situations if the shape factor is not available from the wire mill, the shape factor shallbe calculated by measuring the c
39、ross sectional area in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M and dividing by the width andthickness.7.2 Wrap Test:7.2.1 Oil-tempered or cold-drawn wire 0.162 in. 4.00 mm4.00 mm 0.162 in. and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself asan arbor without breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including
40、0.312 in. 8.00 mm8.00 mm 0.312 in. in diameter shallwrap without breakage on a mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not applicable to wire over 0.312 in. 8.00 mm indiameter. 8.00 mm 0.312 in. in diameter. For shaped wires, mandrel size shall be selected based on the equivalent round dia
41、meter.7.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.7.2.3 Location of TestTest specimens It shall be taken permissible to take test specimens from either end of the coil.7.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test
42、 shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.7.3 Special Surface InspectionWhen specified, the The entire length of every coil shall be inspected for surface imperfectionswith a magnetic or rotating and stationary probe eddy current defect analyzer, or both, or equivalent. The
43、 defect depth of thissurface inspection shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. All detected defects shall be equivalent.Imperfections deeper than 0.04 mm 0.0016 in shall be properly marked so the purchaser has the ability to identify and discardthat length of wire.wire; oth
44、er depths may be agreed upon. Number of allowable marks per coil shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and purchaser. This test is not applicable to wire diameters or equivalent round diameters below 2.5 mm 0.098 in.NOTE 2Special surface inspection of certain cross sectional shapes may not be
45、 technically feasible.TABLE 21 Chemical RequirementsAnalysis, %ProductAnalysisTolerance, %Carbon 0.480.53 0.02Manganese 0.700.90 0.03Phosphorus 0.020 max +0.005Sulfur 0.035 max +0.005Silicon 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.801.10 0.05Vanadium 0.15 min 0.01A232/A232M 183TABLE 12 Tensile RequirementsASI Units
46、Diameter,B mm MPa, min MPa, maxReductionof Area,min, %C,D0.50 2060 2260 C0.50 2060 2260 . . .0.55 2050 2240 C0.55 2050 2240 . . .0.60 2030 2220 C0.60 2030 2220 . . .0.65 2010 2200 C0.65 2010 2200 . . .0.70 2000 2160 C0.70 2000 2160 . . .0.80 1980 2140 C0.80 1980 2140 . . .0.90 1960 2120 C0.90 1960 2
47、120 . . .1.00 1940 2100 C1.00 1940 2100 . . .1.10 1920 2080 C1.10 1920 2080 . . .1.20 1900 2060 C1.20 1900 2060 . . .1.40 1860 2020 C1.40 1860 2020 . . .1.60 1820 1980 C1.60 1820 1980 . . .1.80 1800 1960 C1.80 1800 1960 . . .2.00 1780 1930 C2.00 1780 1930 . . .2.20 1750 1900 C2.20 1750 1900 . . .2.5
48、0 1720 1860 452.80 1680 1830 453.00 1660 1800 453.50 1620 1760 454.00 1580 1720 404.50 1560 1680 405.00 1520 1640 405.50 1480 1620 406.00 1460 1600 406.50 1440 1580 407.00 1420 1560 408.00 1400 1540 409.00 1380 1520 4010.00 1360 1500 4011.00 1340 1480 4012.00 1320 1460 40Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in
49、. ksi, min ksi, maxReductionof Area,min, %C,D0.020 300 325 C0.020 300 325 . . .0.032 290 315 C0.032 290 315 . . .0.041 280 305 C0.041 280 305 . . .0.054 270 295 C0.054 270 295 . . .0.062 265 290 C0.062 265 290 . . .0.080 255 275 C0.080 255 275 . . .0.105 245 265 450.135 235 255 450.162 225 245 400.192 220 240 400.244 210 230 400.283 205 225 400.312 203 223 400.375 200 220 40A232/A232M 1848. Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:8.1.1 The surface of the wire as received shall be free of imp
