1、Designation: A234/A234M 17A234/A234M 18 Used in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forPiping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel forModerate and High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agenc
3、ies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered by thelatest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79, MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. These fittings are for use inpressure p
4、iping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differing from theseASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification A960/A960M.1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for fit
5、tings where a greater degree of examination is desired. Whendesired, one or more of these supplementary requirements may be specified in the order.1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or fittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings aregoverned by Specifications
6、 A216/A216M and A217/A217M.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-po
7、und units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
8、with the standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Techni
9、cal Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in Specification A960/A960M, the following list of standards apply to thisspecification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsA216/
10、A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements f
11、or Wrought Steel Piping Fittings2.3 ASME Standards:4B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
12、ee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 15, 2017March 1, 2018. Published June 2017March 2018. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 asA234/
13、A234M 16.A234/A234M 17. DOI: 10.1520/A0234_A0234M-17.10.1520/A0234_A0234M-18.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-234 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at ser
14、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.This docum
15、ent is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as a
16、ppropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
17、States12.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section VSection VIII, Division 1Section IX2.5 MSS Standards:5MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and UnionsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and ThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d)
18、 Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet FittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding Ends2.6 ASNT Standard:6SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification2.7 AWS Specifications7A5.5/A5.5M Specification for L
19、ow-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Weldi
20、ng3. Ordering Information3.1 See Specification A960/A960M.4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the req
21、uirements of SpecificationA960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specification. In case of a conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and Specification A960/A960M, this specification shall prevail.5. Materials5.1 The starting material for fittings shall be fully killed steel,
22、 consisting of forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless orfusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added and shall conform to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unless otherwisespecified for carbon steel plates and sheet, the steel may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain pract
23、ice. Grade WP9 shallbe made to fine grain practice.5.2 A starting material specification that specifically requires the addition of any element beyond those listed for the materialsin Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or the
24、judicious useof elements for grain size control.6. Manufacture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling, bending,fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall be
25、so appliedthat it will not produce injurious imperfections in the fittings.6.2 Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined from hot-forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar stock having thechemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 and the mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat
26、 treatment shall be inaccordance with Section 7. All caps machined from bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrant or magnetic particle inaccordance with S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M.6.3 All welds including welds in tubular products from which fittings are made shall be (1) made by we
27、lders, welding operators,and welding procedures qualified under the provisions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with Section 7 of thisspecification, and (3) radiographically examined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance with Article 2, ASMESection V with acceptan
28、ce limits in accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section VIII, Division 1 of the ASME BoilerSAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAW A5.29/A5.29ME91T1-B9. In addition, the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumables used to fabricate WP91 Type 1 and Type 2 fittings shalln
29、ot exceed 1.0 %.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.NOTE 2Where an ellipsis (.) appears in this table, there is no requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.Grade andMarkingSymbolAComposition, %Carbon Manganese
30、Phospho-rus Sulfur Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper OthersWPBB,C,D,E, 0.30 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08WPCC,D,E, 0.35 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08WP1 0.28 0.300.90 0.045 0.045 0.100.50 . . . 0.440.65 . . . . . . .
31、 . .WP12 CL1, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.801.25 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL2 . . .WP11 CL1 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL2, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.040 0.040 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL3 . . .WP22 CL1, 0.050.15 0.
32、300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 1.902.60 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .WP22 CL3 . . .WP24 0.050.10 0.300.70 0.020 0.010 0.150.45 2.202.60 0.901.10 . . . 0.751.25 Aluminum 0.020Boron 0.00150.0070Nitrogen 0.12Titanium 0.060.10Vanadium 0.200.30WP5 CL1, 0.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 4.06.0 0.440.65 . . . . . . . .
33、 .WP5 CL3 . . .WP9 CL1,WP9 CL30.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .WPR 0.20 0.401.06 0.045 0.050 . . . . . . . . . 1.602.24 0.751.25 . . .WP91 Type 1 0.080.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25ColumbiumG 0.060.10Nitrogen 0.030.07Alu
34、minum 0.02FTitanium 0.01FZirconium 0.01FWP91 Type 2 0.080.12 0.300.50F 0.020F 0.005F 0.200.40F 8.09.5F 0.851.05 0.20F 0.10F Vanadium 0.180.25ColumbiumG 0.060.10Nitrogen 0.0350.070FAluminum 0.020FN/Al ratio $4.0Boron 0.001FZirconium 0.01FTitanium 0.01FArsenic 0.010FTin 0.010FAntimony 0.003FTungsten 0
35、.05FWP911 0.090.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.100.50 8.59.5 0.901.10 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25ColumbiumG 0.0600.10Nitrogen 0.040.09Aluminum 0.02 maxFBoron 0.00030.006Tungsten 0.901.10Titanium 0.01 maxFZirconium 0.01 maxFWP92 0.070.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.50 8.509.50 0.300.60 0.40 . . . Aluminum 0.0
36、2FBoron 0.0010.006ColumbiumG 0.040.09Nitrogen 0.0300.070Titanium 0.01FTungsten 1.502.00Vanadium 0.150.25Zirconium 0.01FA When fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.B Fittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.C
37、 Fittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.D For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximumof 1.65 %.E The sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium,
38、 and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %.FApplies both to heat and product analyses.GColumbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are alternate names for element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.A234/A234M 183TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsNOTE 1Where an ellipsis (.) appears in this table, there is no requir
39、ement.Grade and Marking Symbol WPBWPC,WP11 CL2,WP12 CL2 WP1WP11 CL1,WP22 CL1,WP5 CL1WP9 CL1WPRWP11 CL3,WP22 CL3WP5 CL3WP9 CL3WP24 WP91Types 1 and 2 WP92WP911 WP12 CL1Tensile strength, minimum unlessa range is given ksi MPa60 415 70 485 558038055060 415 638843560575 520 85 585 90 620 9012062084060 41
40、5Yield strength, min, ksi MPa(0.2 % offset or 0.5 %extension-under-load)35 240 40 275 30 205 30 205 46 315 45 310 60 415 60 415 64 440 32 220Elongation RequirementsGradesAll Grades except WPR,WP91, and WP91 Type 1 andType 2, and WP911WPR and WP24WP91 Types 1 and 2WP92WP911Longi-tudinalTrans-verseLon
41、gi-tudinalTrans-verseLongi-tudinalTrans-verseElongation:Standard round specimen, or small proportional specimen, min % in 4 D 22 14 20 . . . 20 13Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 516 in. 7.94 mm and over,and for all small sizes tested in full section; min % in 2 in. 50 mm30 20A 28 . . . . . .
42、 . . .Rectangular specimen for wall thickness less than 516 in. 7.94 mm;min % in 2 in. 50 mm (12-in. 12.7-mm wide specimen)B B B . . . . . . . . .A WPB and WPC fittings manufactured from plate shall have a minimum elongation of 17 %.B For each 132 in. 0.79 mm decrease in wall thickness below 516 in.
43、 7.94 mm, a deduction of 1.5 % for longitudinal and 1.0 % for transverse from the values shown above is permitted. The following table gives theminimum value for various wall thicknesses.Wall ThicknessGradesAll Grades except WPR, WP91 and WP911 WPR WP91, WP92, andWP911All Grades except WPR, WP91 Typ
44、e 1 and Type 2 andWP911 WPRWP91 Types 1 and 2,WP92, and WP911in. mm Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Longitudinal516 (0.312) 7.94 30.0 20.0 28.0 20932 (0.281) 7.14 28.5 19.0 26.5 1914 (0.250) 6.35 27.0 18.0 25.0 18732 (0.219) 5.56 25.5 . . . 23.5 17316 (0.188) 4.76 24.0 . . . 22.0 16532 (0.156)
45、3.97 22.5 . . . 20.5 1518 (0.125) 3.17 21.0 . . . 19.0 14332 (0.094) 2.38 19.5 . . . 17.5 13116 (0.062) 1.59 18.0 . . . 16.0 12NoteThis table gives the computed minimum % elongation value for each 132 in. 0.79 mm decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values above, the
46、 minimum elongation value isdetermined by the following equations:Direction of Test EquationLongitudinal E = 48t + 15.00Transverse E = 32t + 10.00where:E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, andt = actual thickness of specimen, in. mm.A234/A234M1846.3.2 All welds inWP92 andWP911 shall be made using we
47、lding consumables meeting the chemical requirements for the gradein Table 1.6.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.6.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of ASMESection VIII
48、, Division 1.6.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming method(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined by oneof the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M. This examination shall beperformed after final heat treat. Only the s
49、ide wall area of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a circle that coversthe area from the weld bevel of the branch outlet to the center line of the body or run. Internal and external surfaces shall beexamined when size permits accessibility. No cracks shall be permitted. Other imperfections shall be treated in accordance withSection 14 on Surface Quality. After the removal of any crack, the tee(s
