1、Designation: A27/A27M 10Standard Specification forSteel Castings, Carbon, for General Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A27/A27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon steel castings
3、 for gen-eral applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimumtensile strength.NOTE 1The grades covered by this specification represent materialsthat are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steelparts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these grades
4、possess the same degree of weldability or that the same weldingtechniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of thepurchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings arecovered, as indicated below. The grade and cla
5、ss desired shallbe specified by the purchaser.1.2.1 Grade N-1Chemical analysis only.1.2.2 Grade N-2Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 415-205Mechanically tested butnot heat-treated.1.2.4 Grades 60-30 415-205, 65-35 450-240, 70-36485-250, and 70-40 485-275Heat-treated and me
6、chani-cally tested.1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified inaccordance with 9.2.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be use
7、d independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate s
8、afety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for Ge
9、neral Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steeland Alloy, Common Requirements, for General IndustrialUse3. Genera
10、l Conditions for Delivery3.1 Except for steel investment castings, material furnishedto this specification shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification A781/A781M, including any supplementary re-quirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements
11、of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with the specification. Incase of a conflict between the requirements of this specificationand Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-vail.3.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this specificationshall conform to the requirem
12、ents of Specification A957/A957M, including any supplementary requirements that areindicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with thecommon requirements of Specification A957/A957M consti-tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con-flict between the requirements of this spe
13、cification and Speci-fication A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shallprevail.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information in proper sequence.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless St
14、eel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1901. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A27/A27M 08. DOI:10.1520/A0027_A0027M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, vis
15、it the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,
16、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number ordrawing,4.1.4 Options in the specification, and4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, includin
17、g stan-dards of acceptance.5. Heat Treatment5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 415-205, 65-35450-240, 70-36 485-250, and 70-40 485-275 shall beheat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwisespecified in the inquiry, contract, or
18、order, the castings may beheat-treated by any one or combination of these heat-treatments at the option of the manufacturer.5.1.1 Heat-treatment shall be performed after castings havebeen allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to belowthe transformation range.5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-
19、treating shall be regulatedby the use of pyrometers.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysistolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerancesshown in Specification A781/A781M. When residual elem
20、entchemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may beconsidered.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall beperformed on each heat and the mechanical properties thusdetermined shall conform to the requirements specified inTable 2. The tension test shall
21、 be performed in accordance withTest Methods and Definitions A370.7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar tothose shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A781/A781M and fromthe same heat as the casting represented.7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (ifrequired) castings or ca
22、st integrally with the castings at theproducers option.7.4 The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat-treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings they represent. When specified by the purchaser, thetest bars shall be heat-treated with the castings.7.5 Test specimen
23、s shall be machined to the form anddimensions shown in Fig. 4 of Test Methods and DefinitionsA370, with the ends machined to fit the grips on the tensiletesting machine to be used. Suggested types of ends forstandard round tension test specimens are shown in Fig. 5 ofTest Methods and Definitions A37
24、0.7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws arerevealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.7.7 When this specification is applied to investment cast-ings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtainedand pr
25、epared as directed in S3.2 of SpecificationA732/A732M.Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in 7.4.8. Retests8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, orcasting do not conform to the requirements specified, retestsare permitted as outlined in Test Methods and Definitio
26、nsA370. At the manufacturers option, castings may be reheat-treated and retested. When castings are reheat-treated, theymay not be reaustenitized more than 3 times without theapproval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shallconsist of the full number of specimens taken from locationsco
27、mplying with the specification or order.9. Rework and Retreatment9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same quality stan-dards as were used to inspect the casting.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade (UNS No.)AComposition, %Carbon,Bmax Manganese,Bmax Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, maxGrade N-1
28、 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade U-60-30 415-205 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 60-30 415-205 (J03000) 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 65-35 450-240 (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 70-36 485-250 (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.
29、035Grade 70-40 485-275 (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.035 0.035ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).BFor each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximumof 1.40 % for G
30、rade 70-40 485-275 and 1.00 % for the other grades.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGradeATensileStrength,min,ksi (MPa)Yield Point,min, ksi(MPa)Elongation in2in.(50 mm),min, %BReduction ofArea,min, %Grade U-60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 22 30Grade 60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 24 35Grade 65-35(450-24
31、0)65 (450) 35 (240) 24 35Grade 70-36(485-250)70 (485) 36 (250) 22 30Grade 70-40(485-275)C70 (485) 40 (275) 22 30ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).BWhen ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in thisspecification, the gage length to reduced sect
32、ion diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.CGrade 70-40 485-275 may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36485-250, when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.A27/A27M 1029.2 If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 must bespecified along with the grade, and the welds to be he
33、at-treatedmust be defined. If postweld heat-treatment is not required,Class 2 must be specified along with the grade.10. Keywords10.1 castings; general application; steelSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSAlist of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is describedin S
34、pecification A781/A781M. Those which are considered suitable for use with this specification arelisted below by title only. Additional supplementary requirements suitable for use with thisspecification at the option of the purchaser are described below. One or more of the supplementaryrequirements i
35、ndicated below may be included in the purchasers order or contract. When so included,a supplementary requirement shall have the same force as if it were in the body of the specification.Supplementary requirements details not fully described shall be agreed upon between the purchaserand the supplier,
36、 but shall not negate any of the requirements in the body of the specification.S1. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS2. Radiographic ExaminationS3. Liquid Penetrant ExaminationS4. Ultrasonic ExaminationS6. CertificationS8. MarkingS9. Charpy Impact TestS10. Hardness TestS12. Test ReportS13. Unspecified E
37、lementsS14. Tension Test from CastingsS51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances forCastings Made from Mounted PatternsS51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (S51.1.1)made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to bemachined shall be in accordance with Table 3. Metal
38、matchplate patterns and precise molding methods can produce closertolerances than the values shown in Table 3. Complex castingdesigns may require different permissible variations than thoselisted in Table 3.S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not covercastings requiring special fixtures for
39、gaging, or finishingcastings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond thenormal requirements as listed in Table 3.S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made fromMounted PatternsS52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in sucha manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a dep
40、ression ismade beyond or below the casting design contour in an amountthat would exceed the values given in Table 4 .S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made from MountedPatternsS53.1 The allowable deviations from the average castingweight are shown in Table 5 .S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual Ele
41、mentsS54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage ofelements specified as follows, using procedures specified inSpecification A781/A781M. The chemical analysis thus deter-mined shall conform to the following requirements:Copper, max, % 0.50Nickel, max, % 0.50Molybdenum, max, % 0.25Chromium,
42、 max, % 0.50TABLE 3 Normally Expected Deviation of Linear CastingDimensions from Design DimensionsBlueprint Dimension, in. (mm) Tolerances, in. (mm)Up to 3 (75), incl +432 (3) 332 (2)Over 3 to 7 (75 to 175), incl +532 (4) 432 (3)Over 7 to 20 (175 to 500), incl +632 (5) 532 (4)Over 20 to 100 (500 to
43、2500), incl +832 (6) 632 (5)TABLE 4 Gate and Riser Projection TolerancesRiser or Gate Maximum Di-mension, in. (mm)MaximumProjection,in. (mm)MaximumDepression,in. (mm)Up to 4 (100), incl18 (3)18 (3)Over 4 to 8 (100 to 200), incl14 (6)18 (3)Over 8 to 20 (200 to 500), incl38 (10)18 (3)Over 20 to 30 (50
44、0 to 750), incl12 (13)14 (6)Over 30 (750)34 (19)14 (6)TABLE 5 Allowable DeviationAfrom Average Casting WeightCasting Weight, lb (kg) PositiveDeviation, %NegativeDeviation, %Up to 100 (45), incl 8.0 8.0Over 100 to 500 (45 to 230), incl 6.5 5.0Over 500 to 10 000 (230 to 4540), incl 5.0 3.0Over 10 000
45、(4540) 3.0 2.5ADeviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.A27/A27M 103S54.2 Total content of these residual elements, maximumpercent 1.00.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A27/A27M 08) that m
46、ay impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2010.)(1) Changed sulfur and phosphorus contents in Table 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly adv
47、ised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either
48、 reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. I
49、f you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(ww
