1、Designation: A27/A27M 17Standard Specification forSteel Castings, Carbon, for General Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A27/A27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon steel cas
3、tings for gen-eral applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimumtensile strength.NOTE 1The grades covered by this specification represent materialsthat are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steelparts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these g
4、radespossess the same degree of weldability or that the same weldingtechniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of thepurchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings arecovered, as indicated below. The grade an
5、d class desired shallbe specified by the purchaser.1.2.1 Grade N-1Chemical analysis only.1.2.2 Grade N-2Heat treated but not mechanically tested.1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 415-205Mechanically tested butnot heat treated.1.2.4 Grades 60-30 415-205, 65-35 450-240, 70-36485-250, and 70-40 485-275Heat treated a
6、nd mechani-cally tested.1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified inaccordance with 9.2.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall b
7、e used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
8、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internati
9、onal Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for
10、Investment Castings, Steeland Alloy, Common Requirements, for General IndustrialUse3. General Conditions for Delivery3.1 Except for steel investment castings, material furnishedto this specification shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification A781/A781M, including any supplementary re-quiremen
11、ts that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with the specification. Incase of a conflict between the requirements of this specificationand Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-vai
12、l.3.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this specificationshall conform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M, including any supplementary requirements that areindicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with thecommon requirements of Specification A957/A957M consti-tutes nonco
13、nformance with this specification. In case of con-flict between the requirements of this specification and Speci-fication A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shallprevail.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information in proper sequen
14、ce.4.1.1 Quantity,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1901. Last previous edit
15、ion approved in 2016 as A27/A27M 13 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/A0027_A0027M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
16、STM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard
17、ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),4.1.3 Description of the casting by patter
18、n number ordrawing,4.1.4 Options in the specification, and4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including stan-dards of acceptance.5. Heat Treatment5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 415-205, 65-35450-240, 70-36 485-250, and 70-40 485-275 shall be heattreated by full annealing, normalizing, n
19、ormalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwisespecified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may beheat treated by any one or combination of these heat treatmentsat the option of the manufacturer.5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after castings havebeen allow
20、ed to cool from the pouring temperature to belowthe transformation range.5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be regulatedby the use of pyrometers.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysistoler
21、ances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerancesshown in Specification A781/A781M or Specification A957/A957M. When residual element chemical content is of interestto the purchaser, S54 may be considered.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall beperformed
22、 on each heat and the mechanical properties shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 2.7.2 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (ifrequired) castings at the producers option.8. Retests8.1 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws arerevealed by machining or during testin
23、g, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.8.2 At the manufacturers option, castings may be reheattreated and retested. When castings are reheat treated, they maynot be re-austenitized more than three times without theapproval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat tr
24、eatment shallconsist of the full number of specimens taken from locationscomplying with the specification or order.9. Rework and Retreatment9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same quality stan-dards as were used to inspect the casting.9.2 If postweld heat treatment is required, Class 1 must bes
25、pecified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat treatedmust be defined. If postweld heat treatment is not required,Class 2 must be specified along with the grade.10. Keywords10.1 castings; general application; steelTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade (UNS No.)AComposition, %Carbon,Bmax Mangan
26、ese,Bmax Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, maxGrade N-1 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade U-60-30 415-205 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 60-30 415-205 (J03000) 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 65-35 450-240 (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.035
27、 0.035Grade 70-36 485-250 (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 70-40 485-275 (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.035 0.035ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).BFor each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maxim
28、um specified will be permitted to a maximumof 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 485-275 and 1.00 % for the other grades.A27/A27M 172SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order. Alist of standardized supplementary requirements for use
29、 at the option of the purchaser is included inSpecification A781/A781M for sand castings, or in Specification A957/A957M for investmentcastings. Those which are ordinarily considered suitable for use with this specification are givenbelow. Others enumerated in Specification A781/A781M or in Specific
30、ation A957/A957M may beused with this specification upon agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.S1. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS2. Radiographic ExaminationS3. Liquid Penetrant ExaminationS4. Ultrasonic ExaminationS6. CertificationS8. MarkingS9. Charpy Impact TestS10. Hardness TestS12. Te
31、st ReportS13. Unspecified ElementsS14. Tension Test from CastingsS51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances forCastings Made from Mounted PatternsS51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (S51.1.1)made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to bemachined shall be in acco
32、rdance with Table S51.1. Metalmatch plate patterns and precise molding methods can producecloser tolerances than the values shown in Table S51.1.Complex casting designs may require different permissiblevariations than those listed in Table S51.1.S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not coverc
33、astings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishingcastings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond thenormal requirements as listed in Table S51.1.S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made fromMounted PatternsS52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in sucha manner t
34、hat no riser or gate stub projects or a depression ismade beyond or below the casting design contour in an amountthat would exceed the values given in Table S52.1.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGradeATensileStrength,min,ksi (MPa)Yield Point,min, ksi(MPa)Elongation in2in.(50 mm),min, %BReduction ofArea,
35、min, %Grade U-60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 22 30Grade 60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 24 35Grade 65-35(450-240)65 (450) 35 (240) 24 35Grade 70-36(485-250)70 (485) 36 (250) 22 30Grade 70-40(485-275)C70 (485) 40 (275) 22 30ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).BWhen
36、 ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in this specification,the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.CGrade 70-40 485-275 may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36485-250, when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.TABLE S51.1 N
37、ormally Expected Deviation of Linear CastingDimensions from Design DimensionsBlueprint Dimension, in. (mm) Tolerances, in. (mm)Up to 3 (75), incl +432 (3) 332 (2)Over 3 to 7 (75 to 175), incl +532 (4) 432 (3)Over 7 to 20 (175 to 500), incl +632 (5) 532 (4)Over 20 to 100 (500 to 2500), incl +832 (6)
38、632 (5)TABLE S52.1 Gate and Riser Projection TolerancesRiser or Gate Maximum Di-mension, in. (mm)MaximumProjection,in. (mm)MaximumDepression,in. (mm)Up to 4 (100), incl18 (3)18 (3)Over 4 to 8 (100 to 200), incl14 (6)18 (3)Over 8 to 20 (200 to 500), incl38 (10)18 (3)Over 20 to 30 (500 to 750), incl12
39、 (13)14 (6)Over 30 (750)34 (19)14 (6)A27/A27M 173S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made from MountedPatternsS53.1 The allowable deviations from the average castingweight are shown in Table S53.1.S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual ElementsS54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage ofelem
40、ents specified as follows, using procedures specified inSpecification A781/A781M or Specification A957/A957M.The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to thefollowing requirements:Copper, max, % 0.50Nickel, max, % 0.50Molybdenum, max, % 0.25Chromium, max, % 0.50S54.2 Total content of these
41、 residual elements, maximumpercent 1.00.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A27/A27M 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2017.)(1) Removed Test Methods and Definitions A370 as a refer-enced d
42、ocument.(2) Removed Specification A1067/A1067M as a referenceddocument.(3) Subsection 7.1, removed reference to Test Methods A370.(4) Deleted subsections 7.2, 7.4, and 7.5.(5) Moved subsection 7.6 to 8.1.(6) Deleted phrase, “or cast integrally with the castings” fromold subsection 7.3, as this is co
43、vered in Specifications A781/A781M and A957/A957M.(7) Renumbered old subsection 7.3 as 7.2.(8) Removed reference to Test Methods and Definitions A370in subsection 8.1. Renumbered subsection as 8.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectio
44、n with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible
45、technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid
46、eration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Bar
47、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM websit
48、e(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ S53.1 Allowable DeviationAfrom Average Casting WeightCasting Weight, lb (kg)PositiveDeviation, %NegativeDeviation, %Up to 100 (45), incl 8.0 8.0Over 100 to 500 (45 to 230), incl 6.5 5.0Over 500 to 10 000 (230 to 4540), incl 5.0 3.0Over 10 000 (4540) 3.0 2.5ADeviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.A27/A27M 174
