1、Designation: A 290/A 290M 05Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for ReductionGears1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 290/A 290M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered, andquenched and tempered, carbon and alloy steel forged
3、 or rolledrings for reduction gears.1.2 Several grades and classes of steel are covered asfollows:1.2.1 Grade 1, Classes A and B, and Grade 2, Classes C andD, are carbon steel.1.2.2 Grade 3, Classes E and F, Grade 4, Classes G, H, I, J,K and L, Grade 5, Classes M and P, and Grade 6, Class T, areallo
4、y steel.1.2.3 All grades and classes are considered weldable underproper conditions. Welding techniques are of fundamentalimportance and it is pre-supposed that welding procedure andinspection will be in accordance with proper methods for theclass of material used.1.3 The values stated in either SI
5、units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Document
6、s2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 275/A275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-men
7、ts3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of the terms used may befound in Specification A 788.4. Ordering Information and General Requirements4.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A 788, the purchaser shall specify in the inquiry,contract, and order the grade and cla
8、ss desired and thesupplementary requirements, if any, which should apply.4.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi-tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-ing and retesting methods and procedures, ma
9、rking, certifica-tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementaryrequirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Melting Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the meltingrequirements in Specification A 788, which may be supple-mented by Supplementary Requirement S6, Vacuum
10、Degas-sing.5.2 DiscardSufficient discard shall be taken from eachingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.5.3 Forging ProcessThe forgings shall receive their hotmechanical work in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification A 788.5.4 Heat Treatment:5.4.1 Cooling Prior to Heat T
11、reatmentAfter forging andbefore reheating for heat treatment, the forgings shall beallowed to cool in a manner to prevent injury, to accomplishtransformation, and prevent flakes.5.4.2 Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and tem-pering for Grade 1 classes A and B and quenching andtempering fo
12、r all other grades and classes.5.4.2.1 NormalizingA furnace charge thus treated istermed a normalizing charge.5.4.2.2 QuenchingThe forgings shall be completely aus-tenitized and then quenched in a suitable medium.Agroup thustreated is termed a quenching charge.5.4.2.3 TemperingA furnace charge thus
13、treated is termeda tempering charge. Minimum tempering temperatures shall beas follows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition
14、 approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 290 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
15、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Minimum Tempering TemperatureGrade and Class F CGr
16、ade 1 Classes A and B 1200 650)Grade 2 ClassesC carbon steel forgings; gear rings;heat-treated; reduction gearsTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, %Grade 1ClassesA and BGrade 2ClassesC and DGrade 3ClassesE and FGrade 4Classes G,H, I, J, K,and LGrade 5ClassesM and PGrade 6ClassTCarbon 0.
17、350.50 0.400.50 0.350.45 0.350.45 0.380.45 0.250.39Manganese 0.600.90 0.600.90 0.701.00 0.600.90 0.400.70 0.200.60Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.015Sulfur, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.015SiliconA, max 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.35Nickel 0.30 max 0.30 max 0.50 max 1.652.00 0.
18、30 max 3.254.00Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.801.15 0.600.90 1.401.80 1.251.75Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.150.25 0.200.50 0.300.45 0.300.70Vanadium, max 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.03 0.050.15Copper, max 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.851.30 . . .AWhen vacuum carbon deox
19、idation is used, silicon maximum shall be 0.10 %.A 290/A 290M 052SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThese requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order in which event thesupplementary tests specified in S1 to S3 shall be made at the mill, unless otherwise agreed upon, andwitnessed by the
20、 purchasers inspector before shipment of the material.S1. Chemical RequirementsS1.1 Alternate compositions may be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser.S2. MachiningS2.1 Rough machining prior to heat treatment for mechani-cal properties may be specified by the purchaser.S3. Nondestru
21、ctive TestingS3.1 Magnetic particle tests may be specified by agreementbetween manufacturer and purchaser and if required should bein accordance with Test Method A 275/A 275M.S3.2 Ultrasonic tests may be specified by agreement be-tween manufacturer and purchaser and if required should be inaccordanc
22、e with Practice A 388/A 388M.S4. Restricted ChemistryVanadiumS4.1 The vanadium content shall be 0.03 % maximum forClasses A, B, C, and D when determined in accordance withS1.S5. Restricted ChemistryPhosphorusS5.1 Phosphorus shall not exceed 0.015 %, and sulfur shallnot exceed 0.018 % for all Classes
23、 when determined inaccordance with 6.1.1 or at the locations specified in 6.1.2.S6. Vacuum DegassingS6.1 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated, prior to orduring pouring of the ingot to remove objectionable gases,particularly hydrogen.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of
24、 several changes to this standard since the last issue (A 290 02)that may impact its use.(1) Converted to Dual format.(2) Added several sections which are already covered in thegeneral requirements of Specification A 788TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsGrade Class Tensile Strength, min,ksi MPaYield St
25、rength,0.2 % Offset,min, ksi MPaElongationin 2 in. or50 mm, min,%Reduction inArea, min,%Brinell HardnessRangeCharpy V-Notchat 70 to 80F21 to 27C,ftlbf J1 A 80 550 45 310 22 45 163 to 202 10 141 B . . . . 163 to 202 .2 C 95 655 65 450 20 40 197 to 241 10 142 D . . . . 197 to 241 .3 E 105 725 75 515 2
26、0 45 223 to 269 30 413 F . . . . 223 to 269 .4 G 125 860 100 690 15 42 262 to 311 30 414 H . . . . 262 to 311 .4 I 145 1000 120 825 14 40 302 to 352 25 344 J . . . . 302 to 352 .4 K 170 1175 145 1000 10 35 341 to 401 20 274 L . . . . 341 to 401 .5 M 120 825 85 585 15 40 255 to 302 8 115 P . . . . 25
27、5 to 302 .6 T 170 1175 140 960 10 30 352 to 401 25 34A 290/A 290M 053ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of an
28、y such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are i
29、nvited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv
30、ed a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A 290/A 290M 054
