1、Designation: A290/A290M 16Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for ReductionGears1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A290/A290M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered, andquenched and tempered, carbon and alloy steel forged or r
3、olledrings for reduction gears.1.2 Several grades and classes of steel are covered asfollows:1.2.1 Grade 1, Classes A and B, and Grade 2, Classes C andD, are carbon steel.1.2.2 Grade 3, Classes E and F, Grade 4, Classes G, H, I, J,K and L, Grade 5, Classes M and P, and Grade 6, Class T, arealloy ste
4、el.1.2.3 All grades and classes are considered weldable underproper conditions. Welding techniques are of fundamentalimportance and it is pre-supposed that welding procedure andinspection will be in accordance with proper methods for theclass of material used.1.3 The values stated in either SI units
5、 or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not
6、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
7、2A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination ofSteel ForgingsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirements3. Terminology3.1 Definitio
8、ns of the terms used may be found in Specifi-cation A788/A788M.4. Ordering Information and General Requirements4.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall specify in theinquiry, contract, and order the grade and class desired and thesupplement
9、ary requirements, if any, which should apply.4.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturingrequirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,marking, certification, prod
10、uct analysis variations, and addi-tional supplementary requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Melting Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the meltingrequirements in Specification A788/A788M, which may besupplemented by Supplementary Requirement S6, VacuumDegassing.5.2 DiscardSu
11、fficient discard shall be taken from eachingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.5.3 Forging ProcessThe forgings shall receive their hotmechanical work in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification A788/A788M.5.4 Heat Treatment:5.4.1 Cooling Prior to Heat TreatmentAfter forgi
12、ng andbefore reheating for heat treatment, the forgings shall beallowed to cool in a manner to prevent injury, to accomplishtransformation, and prevent flakes.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibil
13、ity of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A290/A290M 05(2015). DOI: 10.1520/A0290_A0290M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
14、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
15、00, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.4.2 Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and tem-pering for Grade 1 classes A and B and quenching andtempering for all other grades and classes.5.4.2.1 NormalizingA furnace charge thus treated istermed a normalizing charge.5.4.2.2 Quenchin
16、gThe forgings shall be completely aus-tenitized and then quenched in a suitable medium.Agroup thustreated is termed a quenching charge.5.4.2.3 TemperingA furnace charge thus treated is termeda tempering charge. Minimum tempering temperatures shall beas follows:Minimum Tempering TemperatureGrade and
17、Class F CGrade 1 Classes A and B 1200 650Grade 2 ClassesC carbon steel forgings; gear rings;heat-treated; reduction gearsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThese requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order in which event thesupplementary tests specified in S1 to S3 shall be made at the
18、 mill, unless otherwise agreed upon, andwitnessed by the purchasers inspector before shipment of the material.S1. Chemical RequirementsS1.1 Alternate compositions may be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser.S2. MachiningS2.1 Rough machining prior to heat treatment for mechani-cal pr
19、operties may be specified by the purchaser.S3. Nondestructive TestingS3.1 Magnetic particle tests may be specified by agreementbetween manufacturer and purchaser and if required should bein accordance with Practice A275/A275M.S3.2 Ultrasonic tests may be specified by agreement be-tween manufacturer
20、and purchaser and if required should be inaccordance with Practice A388/A388M.S4. Restricted ChemistryVanadiumS4.1 The vanadium content shall be 0.03 % maximum forClasses A, B, C, and D when determined in accordance withS1.S5. Restricted ChemistryPhosphorusS5.1 Phosphorus shall not exceed 0.015 %, a
21、nd sulfur shallnot exceed 0.018 % for all Classes when determined inaccordance with 6.1.1 or at the locations specified in 6.1.2.S6. Vacuum DegassingS6.1 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated, prior to orduring pouring of the ingot to remove objectionable gases,particularly hydrogen.TABLE 2 Mecha
22、nical RequirementsGrade Class Tensile Strength, min,ksi MPaYield Strength,0.2 % Offset,min, ksi MPaElongationin 2 in. or50 mm, min,%Reduction inArea, min,%Brinell HardnessRangeCharpy V-Notchat 70 to 80F21 to 27C,ftlbf J1 A 80 550 45 310 22 45 163 to 202 10 141 B . . . . 163 to 202 .2 C 95 655 65 450
23、 20 40 197 to 241 10 142 D . . . . 197 to 241 .3 E 105 725 75 515 20 45 223 to 269 30 413 F . . . . 223 to 269 .4 G 125 860 100 690 15 42 262 to 311 30 414 H . . . . 262 to 311 .4 I 145 1000 120 825 14 40 302 to 352 25 344 J . . . . 302 to 352 .4 K 170 1175 145 1000 10 35 341 to 401 20 274 L . . . .
24、 341 to 401 .5 M 120 825 85 585 15 40 255 to 302 8 115 P . . . . 255 to 302 .6 T 170 1175 140 960 10 30 352 to 401 25 34A290/A290M 163SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A508/A508M-05(2015) that may impact the use of t
25、his standard. (Approved May 1, 2016.)(1) Added 7.2.1.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent
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