1、Designation: A295/A295M 09A295/A295M 14Standard Specification forHigh-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A295/A295M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers high-ca
3、rbon bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in either inch-poundSI units or SIinch-pound units are to be regarded separately
4、 as standard. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Gene
5、ral Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA892 Guide for Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon Bearing St
6、eelsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of SteelE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and ForgingsE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Co
7、balt Alloys byVarious Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens2.2 OtherISO Document:3ISO 683, Part 17 Ball and Roller Bearing Steels3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the foll
8、owing information:3.1.1 Quantity,3.1.2 Grade identification,3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions, and3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.4. Process4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of providing a high quality product meeting the requirem
9、ents of thisspecification.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.28on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2009November 2014.
10、Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20052009as A295/A295M 05.A295/A295M 09. DOI: 10.1520/A0295_A0295M-09. 10.1520/A0295_A0295M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
11、M Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, htt
12、p:/www.iso.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users co
13、nsult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
14、n, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shown in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTer
15、minology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for theordered grade or to other requirements agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, an
16、d Terminology A751.Permissible variations in product analysis shall be in accordance with Specification A29/A29M.6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-roll
17、ed or hot-rolled and annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished bars0.500 in. 12.5 mm and larger in diameter furnished under this specification shall conform to the requirements specified in thelatest edition of Specification A29/A29M.6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished
18、coils for ball and roller material shall be as shown in Table 2.6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straight lengths under 0.500 in. 12.5 mm in diameter.7. Quality Tests7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests
19、 to ensurethis quality. The supplier shall be required to report results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below. Quality tests shownin 7.2 and 7.3 are based upon procedures established in Test Methods E45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the following paragraphs shall be obta
20、ined from 4 by 4 in. 100 by 100 mmrolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be made on smaller or larger sections by agreement between manufacturer andpurchaser. A minimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sections is required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a m
21、inimum of six samples representing the top and bottom of the first, middle, and last usableingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of six samples shall be examined and they shall represent the top and bottomof three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at random from the fir
22、st usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, from the usable platepoured nearest to the middle of the heat, and one ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. When two usable platesconstitute a heat, two of the sample ingots shall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where a s
23、ingle usable plateconstitutes a heat, any three random ingots may be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreed upon betweenmanufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samples representing the first, middle, and last portion of the heat cast shallbe examin
24、ed. At least one sample shall be taken from each strand.7.3 Inclusion RatingThe specimens shall be 38 by 34 in. 10 by 20 mm and shall be taken from an area halfway between thecenter and outside of the billet. The polished face shall be longitudinal to the direction of rolling. The scale used for rat
25、ing thespecimens shall be the Jernkontoret chart described in Test Methods E45, Plate I-r.I-A. Fields with sizes or numbers of all typesof inclusions intermediate between configurations shown on the chart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number. Theworst field of each inclusion type f
26、rom each specimen shall be recorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds of all specimensand at least one from each ingot tested, or from the first, middle, and last portion of the strands tested, as well as the average ofall specimens, shall not exceed the rating specified in Table 3. If spec
27、ifically ordered and certified to Supplementary RequirementS4, Type A inclusion ratings shall not exceed 3.0 thin and 2.0 heavy. See S4.1.TABLE 1 CompositionA,BName C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni (max) Mo Cu (max) O (max)C Al (max)D52100E 0.93-1.05 0.25-0.45 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 1.35-1.60 0.25 0.10
28、(max) 0.30 0.0015 0.0505195 0.90-1.03 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.70-0.90 0.25 0.10 (max) 0.30 0.0015 0.0505090M 0.89-1.01 0.50-0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.40-0.60 0.25 0.08-0.15 0.30 0.0015 0.0501070M 0.65-0.75 0.80-1.10 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.20 (max) 0.25 0.10 (max) 0.30 0.0015 0.0505160
29、0.56-0.64 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.70-0.90 0.25 0.10 (max) 0.30 0.0015 0.050A Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.B Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not perm
30、itted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.C Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.D Total aluminum content.E Specified element ranges meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Table 3, NO. B1, 100CR6.A295/A295M 1428. Grain
31、 Size8.1 The steels covered by this specification shall have the capability of showing a fine fracture grain size (approximatelyASTMNo. 8 in accordance with Test Methods E112) when quenched from normal austenitizing temperatures not exceeding 1550F840C.9. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections9.1
32、 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall not exceed the limits specified in Tables 4 and 5. Decarburization shall bemeasured using the microscopical methods described in Test Methods E1077.10. Microstructure10.1 When annealing is specified in the order, the structure shall be rated and repor
33、ted in accordance with Guide A892 asfollows:10.1.1 Carbide Size (CS)As the appropriate carbide size is dependent on application, the limits shall be as agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.10.1.2 Carbide Network (CN)As the network is influenced by section size, the limits shall be as agreed
34、 upon betweenmanufacturer and purchaser.10.1.3 Lamellar Content (LC)52100 steels shall have a lamellar content not to exceed LC1. Lamellar content of othercompositions shall be as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.10.2 The material shall be free from excessive carbide segregation.11. Ha
35、rdness11.1 When annealing is specified in the order, the steel shall have a completely spheroidized microstructure and a hardness asspecified in Table 6.11.2 Small sizes where Rockwell B scale hardness readings are impractical shall have a maximum tensile strength of 110 000psi (760 MPa).760 MPa.11.
36、3 Hardness and tensile tests shall be in accordance with test methods described in Test Methods and Definitions A370.TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Cold-Finished CoilsSize, in. mm Total Tolerance, in. mmThrough 0.096 2.50 0.002 0.05Over 0.096 2.50 to 0.270 7.00, incl 0.003 0.08Over 0.270 7.00 to
37、 0.750 19.0, incl 0.004 0.10TABLE 3 Inclusion RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA212 A112B2 B1C12 C12D1 D1TABLE 3 Inclusion RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA2.5 A1.5B2.0 B1.0C0.5 C0.5D1.0 D1.0TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Coils and Bars for Balls and Rollers
38、Size, in. mm Decarburization or Surface Imperfections per Side, max, in. mmHot-Rolled or Hot-Rolled Annealed Cold-Finished AnnealedThrough 0.250 6.50 0.005 0.13 0.003 0.08Over 0.250 6.50 to 0.500 12.5, incl 0.006 0.15 0.004 0.10Over 0.500 12.5 to 0.750 19.0, incl 0.008 0.20 0.006 0.15Over 0.750 19.0
39、 to 1.000 25.0, incl 0.010 0.25 0.008 0.20A295/A295M 14312. Inspection12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the materialis being produced and furnished in accordance with this specification. Mill inspection by the purchase
40、r shall not interfereunnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture, unlessotherwise agreed to.13. Certification and Reports13.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturers certification that the materi
41、al was manufacturedand tested in accordance with this specification, together with a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the time of shipment.Special requirements agreed to at the time of purchase shall be noted on the certification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the suppleme
42、ntary requirements described below apply when included in thepurchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydescribed shall be agreed upon between the pur
43、chaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S1. Titanium ContentS1.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis of titanium be provided by agreement with the steel manufacturer.S2. “SAM” Inclusion Rating SystemS2.1 The purchaser may specify
44、that the “SAM” inclusion rating system described in Method E of Test Methods E45 be usedin addition to the micro-inclusion rating system described in 7.3.S2.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S2.3 LimitsThe “SAM” rating for B-type inclusions shall not exceed fifteen. The “SAM” rating for D-type inclusions shallnot e
45、xceed ten.TABLE 5 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Bars and TubesSize, in. mm Decarburization or Surface Imperfections per Side, max, in. mmHot-Rolled Bars Hot-Rolled Annealed Cold-Finished AnnealedBars Tubes Bars TubesThrough 1.000 25.0 0.012 0.30 0.015 0.38 0.012 0.30 0.012 0.30 0.010
46、 0.25Over 1.000 25.0 to 2.000 50.0, incl 0.017 0.43 0.022 0.56 0.020 0.51 0.015 0.38 0.014 0.36Over 2.000 50.0 to 3.000 75.0, incl 0.025 0.64 0.030 0.76 0.030 0.76 0.025 0.64 0.019 0.48Over 3.000 75.0 to 4.000 100.0, incl 0.035 0.89 0.045 1.14 0.035 0.89 0.024 0.61Over 4.000 100.0 to 5.000 125.0, in
47、cl 0.055 1.40 0.065 1.65 0.040 1.02 0.028 0.71TABLE 6 Maximum Hardness for Annealed MaterialProduct Condition Maximum HardnessBrinell Rockwell BCoils hot-rolled, annealed . . . 92Bars and tubes hot-rolled annealed 207 . . .Coils annealed, cold-drawn (stress-relieved). . . 92Coils, bars, and annealed
48、, cold-drawnA 248 . . .tubesTubes annealed, cold-rocked 331 . . .A Cold-swaged material is not included.A295/A295M 144S3. Magnetic Particle MethodS3.1 The purchaser may specify that the magnetic particle method described below be used in addition to the micro-inclusionrating system described in 7.3.
49、 The magnetic particle method measures bearing steel cleanliness by evaluating the total length ofmacro-inclusions for a stated area or per unit area. Results are expressed in millimeters per square metre.S3.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S3.3 Test specimens shall be straight cylinder quarter section samples prepared and examined in accordance with the magneticparticle method of Test Methods E45.S3.4 For purposes of c
