1、Designation: A311/A311M 04 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forCold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject toMechanical Property Requirements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A311/A311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof origina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, andfour condit
3、ions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel barsproduced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, iscold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to providehigher strength levels, and four grades provide improvedmachinability.1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of anopti
4、onal nature are provided.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are tobe regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units areshown in brackets. The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used inde-pendently of the other. Combining
5、values from the two systemsmay result in nonconformance with the specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for SteelBars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA370 Test Methods and
6、 Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 stress relievingheating to a suitable temperature,holding long enough to reduce residual stresses, and thencooling slowly enough t
7、o minimize the development of newresidual stresses.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heavy draftUsing higher than normal drafts (ap-proximately 10 % through 35 % reduction), followed by stressrelieving, produces higher tensile and yield strengths providedan appropriate composi
8、tion is used; for example, mediumcarbon with normal or higher manganese content.4. Classification4.1 The bars are furnished in the following classes andgrades, and in the conditions shown in 6.4.4.1.1 Class ANormal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relievedrounds, squares, hexagons, and flats in the follo
9、wing grades:3Grades UNS Designations31018 G101801035 G103501045 G104501050 G105001541 G154101117 G111701137 G113701141 G114101144 G114404.1.2 Class BHeavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relievedrounds and hexagons in the following grades:Grade UNS Designations31045 G104501050 G105001541 G154101141 G114
10、101144 G114405. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information as required to adequatelydescribe the desired material:5.1.1 Quantity (weight mass or number of pieces),5.1.2 Name of material (carbon steel bars, cold drawn, stressrelieved),
11、5.1.3 Condition 8.3,5.1.4 Cross-sectional shape,5.1.5 Size,5.1.6 Length,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.15 on Bars.Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published Mar
12、ch 2015. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A311/A311M 04(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0311_A0311M-04R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform
13、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAEJ 1086.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.7 Class and grade,5.1.8 Report of h
14、eat analysis, tensile properties Section 11,5.1.9 ASTM designation A311 or A311M,5.1.10 Application,5.1.11 Leaded steel, when required (see Table 1, footnoteA),5.1.12 Supplementary requirements, if any, and5.1.13 Additional requirements, if any.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10
15、000 lb carbonsteel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved turned and polished, round 2.0 in.50.8 mm Diameter, 10 to 12 ft 3048 to 3658 mm long, Class B, Grade1050, (UNS G 10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A311/A311M dated_, hydraulic cylinder piston rods. 5000kg carbon steel bars, cold draw
16、n, stress relieved turned and polished round50 mm diameter, 3050 to 3650 mm long, Class B, Grade 1050 (UNS G10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A311Mdated _, hydraulic cylinder piston rods.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Melting PracticeThe steel shall be made by one ormore of the follow
17、ing primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor-porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed bysecondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arcremelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heatshall be defined as all
18、of the ingots remelted from a singleprimary heat.6.2 Cold Working:6.2.1 ClassAbars shall be cold drawn using normal draftingpractices.6.2.2 Class B bars shall be cold drawn using heavy (higherthan normal) drafting practices.6.3 Thermal TreatmentAfter cold drawing, the bars shallbe stress relieved at
19、 a temperature of not less than 550F288C to meet the mechanical requirements specified inTable 2.6.4 ConditionThe bars shall be furnished in the followingcold finish conditions, as specified:6.4.1 Cold drawn, stress relieved;6.4.2 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, and polished;6.4.3 Cold drawn, s
20、tress relieved, turned, ground, and pol-ished; and6.4.4 Cold drawn, stress relieved, ground, and polished.NOTE 2When turned bars are specified, turning may be performedprior to cold-drawing.7. Chemical Composition7.1 CompositionThe cast or heat analysis shall conform tothe chemical composition requi
21、rements specified in Table 1 forthe grade ordered.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 RequirementsThe bars shall conform to the require-ments listed in Table 2.8.2 Number of TestsAt least one tension test shall be madeon each lot.Alot shall consist of bars of the same size from thesame heat which have been
22、stress relieved in the samestationary furnace charge. For continuous type of treatment, alot shall consist of 25 tons 25 Mg or less of the same size ofeach heat, treated in the same cycle.8.3 SpecimensTension test specimens shall be taken lon-gitudinally in accordance with and from the locations spe
23、cifiedin Test Methods and Definitions A370.8.4 Test MethodsTension tests shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. The yieldstrength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset or at 0.005 in./in.0.005 mm/mm of gage length, total extension under load.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Ap
24、pearance9.1 Surface FinishUnless otherwise specified, the barsshall have a commercial bright smooth surface finish consistentwith the cold finishing operations specified in 6.4.9.2 Bars that are thermal treated after cold finishing mayhave a discolored or oxidized surface.9.3 OilingThe bars shall be
25、 given a surface coating of oilor other rust inhibitor to protect against rust during shipment.9.4 WorkmanshipThe bars shall be free of pipe, cracks,and flakes. Within the limits of good manufacturing andinspection practices, the bars shall be free of injurious seams,laps, segregation, or other impe
26、rfections that, due to theirnature, degree, or extent, will interfere with the use of thematerial in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.10. General Requirements10.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the requirements of the current edition of SpecificationA29/A29M
27、and/or Specification A108 unless otherwise stated.11. Certification and Test Reports11.1 A manufacturers certification that the material wasmanufactured and tested in accordance with this specificationtogether with a report of the heat analysis and tension testresults shall be furnished at the time
28、of shipment (if requested).The report shall include the name of the manufacturer, ASTMdesignation and year date and revision letter, if any, class andgrade, heat number, size, and grain size (if requested).TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Cast or Heat Analysis)AUNSDesignationGrade Carbon,%Manga-nese,
29、%Phos-phorus,max %Sulfur, %G10180 1018 0.15-0.20 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 maxG10350 1035 0.32-0.38 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 maxG10450 1045 0.43-0.50 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 maxG10500 1050 0.48-0.55 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 maxG15410 1541 0.36-0.44 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050 maxG11170 1117 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 0.040
30、0.08-0.13G11370 1137 0.32-0.39 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13G11410 1141 0.37-0.45 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13G11440 1144 0.40-0.48 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.24-0.33AWhen lead is required as an added element to a standard steel, a range from0.15 to 0.35 % inclusive, is specified. Such a steel is identified by inse
31、rting theletter “L” between the second and third numerals of the grade designation, forexample, 10L45.Acast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added tothe ladle stream.A311/A311M 04 (2015)212. Keywords12.1 carbon steel bars; cold finished steel bars; steel barsTABLE 2 Mechanical Requi
32、rementsClass ANormal Draft Cold Drawn and Stress Relief AnnealedUNS No. GradeDesignationDiameter, Thickness, or Distance BetweenParallel Faces, in. mmTensile Strength,min, ksi MPaYield Strength,min, ksi MPaElongationin 2 in. 50mm, min, %Reductionof Area,min, %G10180 1018 Up to78 20, incl 70 485 60 4
33、15 18 40Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 65 450 55 380 16 40Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 60 415 50 345 15 35Over 2 50 to 3 75, incl 55 380 45 310 15 35G10350 1035 Up to78 20, incl 85 590 75 520 13 35Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 80 550 70 485 12 35Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 75 520 65 450 12 35Over 2 50 to 3 75, in
34、cl 70 485 60 415 10 30G10450 1045 Up to78 20, incl 95 655 85 585 12 35Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 90 620 80 550 11 30Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 85 585 75 520 10 30Over 2 50 to 3 75, incl 80 550 70 485 10 30G10500 1050 Up to78 20, incl 100 690 90 620 11 35and and Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 95 655 85 585
35、11 30G15410 G1541 Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 90 620 80 550 10 30Over 2 50 to 3 75, incl 85 585 75 520 10 30G11170 1117 Up to78 20, incl 75 520 65 450 15 40Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 70 485 60 415 15 40Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 65 450 55 380 13 35Over 2 50 to 3 75, incl 60 415 50 345 12 30G11370 1137 U
36、p to78 20, incl 95 655 90 620 11 35and and Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 90 620 85 585 11 30G11410 1141 Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 85 585 80 550 10 30Over 2 50 to 3 70, incl 80 550 75 520 10 30G11440 1144 Up to78 20, incl 105 725 95 655 10 30Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 100 690 90 620 10 30Over 114 30 to 2
37、50, incl 95 655 85 585 10 25Over 2 50 to 3 70, incl 90 620 80 550 10 20Over 3 70 to 412 115, incl 85 585 75 520 10 20Class BHeavy Draft Cold Drawn and Stress Relieved AnnealedUNS No.GradeDesignationin. mm, Round or HexagonATensile Strength,min, ksi MPaYield Strength,min, ksi MPaElongationin 2 in. 50
38、mm, min, %Reductionof Area,min, %G10450 1045 Up to78 20 incl 115 795 100 690 10 25Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 115 795 100 690 10 25Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 115 795 100 690 10 25Over 2 50 to 3 75, incl 115 795 100 690 9 25Over 3 75 to 4 102, incl 105 725 90 620 7 20G10500 1050 Up to78 20, incl 115 795
39、 100 690 8 25G15410 1541 Over78 20 to 114 30, incl 115 795 100 690 8 25G11410 1141 Over 114 30 to 2 50, incl 115 795 100 690 8 25and and Over 2 50 to 3 75, incl 115 795 100 690 8 20G11440 1144 Over 3 75 to 412 115, incl 115 795 100 690 7 20AMaximum size for hexagons is 1 in. 40 mm.A311/A311M 04 (201
40、5)3SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by thepurchaser in the inquiry or order. Details of these requirements shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser.S1. Special SurfaceS1.1 When inspection standards
41、 more restrictive than visualinspection are required, special surface may be specified.S2. Restricted Cast or Heat AnalysisS2.1 When required, the purchaser may specify restrictivecast or heat analysis limits on one or more elements. Thedegree of restriction and the number of elements so restricteda
42、re both subject to agreement between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.S3. Restricted DecarburizationS3.1 The purchaser may specify a maximum affected depthof decarburization when required for special applications,subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-chaser.S4. Nonmetallic Inclu
43、sion Requirements (Microscopical)S4.1 When nonmetallic inclusion requirements arespecified, the samples for testing shall be taken on a longitu-dinal direction midway between the center and the surface ofthe material. The area of the sample to be examined should beagreed upon between the purchaser a
44、nd the manufacturer, andthe test specimen should be hardened by heating and quenchedbefore being polished to avoid pits. The rating of the inclusioncount should also be agreed upon and be based upon exami-nation at a magnification of 100 diameters. Resulfurized steelsare not subject to inclusion rat
45、ings.S5. Restricted Incidental ElementsS5.1 The purchaser may specify limiting maximum require-ments for copper, nickel, chromium, or molybdenum subject toagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.S6. Grain SizeS6.1 The steel shall conform to either the coarse austeniticgrain size (except
46、 as stated in S6.2), or the fine austenitic grainsize requirement of Specification A29/A29M.S6.2 Certain elements, or combinations of elements, such asmanganese, sulfur, and lead tend to produce grain refinementand it is technically inappropriate to ensure coarse grain size asmeasured by the McQuaid
47、-Ehn test on high manganese, highsulfur, and leaded steels such as 1144, 1151, and 11L41.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination o
48、f the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider
