1、Designation: A312/A312M 16a Used in USDOE-NE standardsStandard Specification forSeamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked AusteniticStainless Steel Pipes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A312/A312M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defen
3、se.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers seamless, straight-seamwelded, and heavily cold worked welded austenitic stainlesssteel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosiveservice.NOTE 1When the impact test criterion for a low-temperature servicewould be 15 ftlbf 20 J energy absorption
4、 or 15 mils 0.38 mm lateralexpansion, some of the austenitic stainless steel grades covered by thisspecification are accepted by certain pressure vessel or piping codeswithout the necessity of making the actual test. For example, GradesTP304, TP304L, and TP347 are accepted by the ASME Pressure Vesse
5、lCode, Section VIII Division 1, and by the Chemical Plant and RefineryPiping Code, ANSI B31.3, for service at temperatures as low as 425 F250 C without qualification by impact tests. Other AISI stainless steelgrades are usually accepted for service temperatures as low as 325 F200 C without impact te
6、sting. Impact testing may, under certaincircumstances, be required. For example, materials with chromium ornickel content outside the AISI ranges, and for material with carboncontent exceeding 0.10 %, are required to be impact tested under the rulesof ASME Section VIII Division 1 when service temper
7、atures are lowerthan 50 F 45 C.1.2 Grades TP304H, TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H,TP310HCb, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H, and TP348H aremodifications of Grades TP304, TP309Cb, TP309S, TP310Cb,TP310S, TP316, TP321, TP347, and TP348, and are intendedfor service at temperatures where creep and stress rupturepropert
8、ies are important.1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided forpipe where a greater degree of testing is desired. Thesesupplementary requirements call for additional tests to be madeand, when desired, it is permitted to specify in the order one ormore of these supplementary requirements.1
9、.4 Table X1.1 lists the standardized dimensions of weldedand seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19.These dimensions are also applicable to heavily cold workedpipe. Pipe having other dimensions is permitted to be orderedand furnished provided such pipe complies with all otherrequireme
10、nts of this specification.1.5 Grades TP321 and TP321H have lower strength require-ments for pipe manufactured by the seamless process innominal wall thicknesses greater than38 in. 9.5 mm.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
11、 text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
12、designation of this specification is specified in the order.NOTE 2The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) hasbeen substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominaldiameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detect
13、ing Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless
14、 Steel PipeA1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements forFerritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and StainlessSteel TubesE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and Forgings1This specification is under the jurisd
15、iction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved i
16、n 2016 as A312/A312M 16.DOI: 10.1520/A0312_A0312M-16A.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-312 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu
17、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E527 Practic
18、e for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 ANSI Standards:4B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General PurposeB36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel PipeB36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe2.3 ASME Standard:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code : Section VIII52.4 AWS Standard:A5.9 Corrosion
19、-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-NickelSteel Welding Rods and Electrodes62.5 Other Standard:SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions in Specification A999/A999M andTerminology A941 are applicable to this specification.4. Ordering Inf
20、ormation4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of the current edition of Specification A999/A999M.5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A999/A
21、999M unless otherwise provided herein.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Manufacture:6.1.1 The pipe shall be manufactured by one of the follow-ing processes:6.1.2 Seamless (SML) pipe shall be made by a process thatdoes not involve welding at any stage of production.6.1.3 Welded (WLD) pipe shall be made
22、 using an automaticwelding process with no addition of filler metal during thewelding process.6.1.4 Heavily cold-worked (HCW) pipe shall be made byapplying cold working of not less than 35 % reduction inthickness of both wall and weld to a welded pipe prior to thefinal anneal. No filler shall be use
23、d in making the weld. Priorto cold working, the weld shall be 100 % radiographicallyinspected in accordance with the requirements ofASME Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, latestrevision, Paragraph UW-51.6.1.5 Welded pipe and HCW pipe of NPS 14 and smallershall have a single l
24、ongitudinal weld. Welded pipe and HCWpipe of a size larger than NPS 14 shall have a singlelongitudinal weld or shall be produced by forming and weldingtwo longitudinal sections of flat stock when approved by thepurchaser. All weld tests, examinations, inspections, or treat-ments shall be performed o
25、n each weld seam.6.1.6 At the option of the manufacturer, pipe shall be eitherhot finished or cold finished.6.1.7 The pipe shall be free of scale and contaminatingexogenous iron particles. Pickling, blasting, or surface finish-ing is not mandatory when pipe is bright annealed. Thepurchaser is permit
26、ted to require that a passivating treatment beapplied to the finished pipe.6.2 Heat TreatmentAll pipe shall be furnished in theheat-treated condition in accordance with the requirements ofTable 2. Alternatively, for seamless pipe, immediately follow-ing hot forming while the temperature of the pipes
27、 is not lessthan the minimum solution treatment temperature specified inTable 2, pipes shall be individually quenched in water orrapidly cooled by other means (direct quenched).7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.8. P
28、roduct Analysis8.1 At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of one billetor one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or two pipesfrom each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipeshall consist of the following number of lengths of the samesize and wall thickness from any one h
29、eat of steel:NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in LotUnder 2 400 or fraction thereof2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof6 and over 100 or fraction thereof8.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser or the purchasers representative, and shall conformto the requirements specified in Sec
30、tion 7.8.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 doesnot conform to the requirements specified in Section 7,ananalysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may bemade, and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirementsshall be accepted.9. Permitted Variations in Wall T
31、hickness9.1 In addition to the implicit limitation of wall thicknessfor seamless pipe imposed by the limitation on weight inSpecification A999/A999M, the wall thickness for seamlessand welded pipe at any point shall be within the tolerancesspecified in Table 3, except that for welded pipe the weld a
32、reashall not be limited by the “Over” tolerance. The wall thicknessand outside diameter for inspection for compliance with thisrequirement for pipe ordered by NPS and schedule number isshown in Table X1.1.10. Tensile Requirements10.1 The tensile properties of the material shall conform tothe require
33、ments prescribed in Table 4.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/ww
34、w.asme.org.6Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.7Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.A312/A312M 16a2TABLE1ChemicalRequirementsGradeUNSDesig-nationAComp
35、osition,%BCarbonManga-nesePhos-phorusSulfurSiliconChrom-iumNickelMolyb- denumTita-niumNiobiumTanta- lum, maxNitro- genCVana-diumCopperCeriumBoronAlum-inumOtherTP201S201000.155.57.50.0600.0301.0016.018.03.55.5.0.25.TP201LNS201530.036.47.50.0450.0150.7516.017.54.05.0.0.100.25.1.00.S204000.0307.09.00.0
36、450.0301.0015.017.01.503.00.0.150.30.TPXM-19S209100.064.06.00.0450.0301.0020.523.511.513.51.503.00.0.100.30.0.200.400.100.30.TPXM-10S219000.088.0 10.00.0450.0301.0019.021.55.57.5.0.150.40.TPXM-11S219040.048.0 10.00.0450.0301.0019.021.55.57.5.0.150.40.TPXM-29S240000.0811.514.50.0600.0301.0017.019.02.
37、33.7.0.200.40.TP304S304000.082.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.0 11.0.TP304LS304030.035D2.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.0 13.0.TP304HS304090.040.102.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.0 11.0.S304150.040.060.800.0450.0301.002.0018.019.09.0 10.0.0.120.18.0.030.08TP304NS304510.082.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.0 11.0.0.100.1
38、6.TP304LNS304530.0352.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.0 12.0.0.100.16.S306000.0182.000.020.023.74.317.018.514.015.50.20.0.50max.S306010.0150.500.800.0300.0135.05.617.018.017.018.00.20.0.05.0.35.S306150.160.242.000.0300.033.24.017.019.513.516.0.0.801.50.S308150.050.100.800.0400.0301.402.0020.022.010.012.0.
39、0.140.20.0.030.08TP309SS309080.082.000.0450.0301.0022.024.012.015.00.75.TP309HS309090.040.102.000.0450.0301.0022.024.012.015.0.TP309CbS309400.082.000.0450.0301.0022.024.012.016.00.75.10Cmin,1.10max.A312/A312M 16a3TABLE1ContinuedGradeUNSDesig-nationAComposition,%BCarbonManga-nesePhos-phorusSulfurSili
40、conChrom-iumNickelMolyb- denumTita-niumNiobiumTanta- lum, maxNitro- genCVana-diumCopperCeriumBoronAlum-inumOtherTP309HCbS309410.040.102.000.0450.0301.0022.024.012.016.00.75.10Cmin,1.10max.S310020.0152.000.0200.0150.1524.026.019.022.00.10.0.10.TP310SS310080.082.000.0450.0301.0024.026.019.022.00.75.TP
41、310HS310090.040.102.000.0450.0301.0024.026.019.022.0.S310350.040.100.600.0250.0150.4021.523.523.526.50.400.600.200.302.53.50.0020.008W3.04.0Co1.02.0TP310CbS310400.082.000.0450.0301.0024.026.019.022.00.75.10Cmin,1.10max.TP310HCbS310410.040.102.000.0450.0301.0024.026.019.022.00.75.10Cmin,1.10max.S3105
42、00.0252.000.0200.0150.424.026.020.523.51.62.6.0.090.15.S312540.0201.000.0300.0100.8019.520.517.518.56.06.5.0.180.25.0.501.00.S312660.0302.004.000.0350.0201.0023.025.021.024.05.26.20.350.601.002.50W1.502.50S312720.080121.5 2.000.0300.0150.250.7514.016.014.016.01.001.400.300.600.0040.008S312770.0203.0
43、00.0300.0100.5020.523.026.028.06.58.00.300.400.501.50TP316S316000.082.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.014.02.003.00.TP316LS316030.035D2.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.014.02.003.00.TP316HS316090.040.102.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.014.02.003.00.TP316TiS316350.082.000.0450.0300.7516.018.010.014.02.003.005(C+N)
44、 0.70.0.10.TP316NS316510.082.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.014.02.003.000.100.16.TP316LNS316530.0352.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.014.02.003.00.0.100.16.S316550.0302.000.0450.0151.0019.521.58.09.50.501.50.0.140.25.1.00.TP317S317000.082.000.0450.0301.0018.020.011.015.03.04.0.A312/A312M 16a4TABLE1Continued
45、GradeUNSDesig-nationAComposition,%BCarbonManga-nesePhos-phorusSulfurSiliconChrom-iumNickelMolyb- denumTita-niumNiobiumTanta- lum, maxNitro- genCVana-diumCopperCeriumBoronAlum-inumOtherTP317LS317030.0352.000.0450.0301.0018.020.011.015.03.04.0.S317250.032.000.040E0.0301.0018.020.013.517.54.05.0.0.10.0
46、.75.S317260.032.000.040E0.0301.0017.020.013.517.54.05.0.0.100.20.0.75.S317270.031.000.0300.0301.0017.519.014.516.53.84.5.0.150.21.2.84.0.S317300.0302.000.0400.0101.0017.019.015.016.53.04.0.0.045.4.05.0.S320530.031.000.0300.0101.0022.024.024.026.05.06.0.0.170.22.TP321S321000.082.000.0450.0301.0017.01
47、9.09.0 12.0.F.0.10.TP321HS321090.040.102.000.0450.0301.0017.019.09.0 12.0.4(C+N)min; 0.70 max.0.10.S326150.072.000.0450.0304.86.016.519.519.022.00.301.50.1.502.50.S326540.0202.04.00.0300.0050.5024.025.021.023.07.08.0.0.450.55.0.300.60.S332280.040.081.000.0200.0150.3026.028.031.033.0.0.601.00.0.050.1
48、0.0.025.S345650.035.07.00.0300.0101.0023.025.016.018.04.05.0.0.100.400.60.TP347S347000.082.000.0450.0301.0017.019.09.0 13.0.G.TP347HS347090.040.102.000.0450.0301.0017.019.09.0 13.0.H.TP347LNS347510.0050.0202.000.0450.0301.0017.019.09.0 13.0.0.200.50I.0.060.10.TP348S348000.082.000.0450.0301.0017.019.09.0 13.0.G0.10.
