1、Designation: A 327 91 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Methods forImpact Testing of Cast Irons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 327; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details
3、of apparatus, test specimens and procedures for cast iron,including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron,and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls orrolls with white iron skins.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. A companion
4、 standard, A 327M, lists values inSI units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulato
5、ry limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 327M Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons(Metric)E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing ofMetallic MaterialsTEST METHOD AROUND BAR CHARPY-TYPEIMPACT TEST FOR GRAY AND WHITE IRONS3. Scope3.1 The Charpy-type imp
6、act test shall be employed fortesting gray and white irons.4. Apparatus4.1 The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and whiteirons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machinewith a capacity of at least 110 ft lbf as used for the simplebeam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.5
7、. Test Specimens5.1 The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form,machined or ground to a smooth finish and shall conform to thefollowing dimensions:Type A Type MDiameter 1.125 6 0.002 in. 0.787 6 0.001 in.Length 8.0 6 0.5 in. 4.73 6 0.08 in.Span 6.00 6 0.03 in. 3.937 6 0.020 in.6. Procedur
8、e6.1 Test the bars on the spans indicated in the tabular data of5.1. In all other respects, the test shall conform to theappropriate requirements of Test Methods E23.6.2 Make the test at room temperature.6.3 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any castiron should be based upon testing at l
9、east three specimens.NOTE 1Care should be taken to examine broken specimens forindication of anvil interference which will give erroneous results.7. Report7.1 The results shall be reported as _ ft lbf cast ironCharpy impact with _ in. diameter bar.TEST METHOD BSTANDARD CHARPY-TYPEIMPACT TEST FOR MAL
10、LEABLE AND DUCTILEIRONS8. Scope8.1 Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impacttest shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.Selection of the type bar is dependent upon the specificmaterial to be evaluated as defined in Section 9.1These test methods are under the jurisdic
11、tion of ASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as A 327 91 (1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
12、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
13、 United States.8.2 Both types of charpy bars have been designated tocharacterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotchedCharpy bar, when tested, will produce substantially higherenergy values than the notch bar type. The unnotched bar istherefore specified for testing irons that have low frac
14、turetoughness characteristics.9. Charpy Test Bar Type9.1 Unless specified otherwise, the notched bar type speci-mens in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 (for pipe type products) shall beemployed. Exceptions are defined in 9.2 and 9.3.9.2 The unnotched charpy type specimen in Fig. 3 shall beemployed for testing of a
15、ll grades of austempered ductile iron.These irons are tested after the austempering heat treatment.9.3 The unnotched charpy test specimen may be specifiedfor other types of irons or irons that have been heat treated invarious ways other than austempering, by specific agreementbetween producer and pu
16、rchaser.10. Apparatus10.1 The single-blow Charpy test for ductile and malleableiron shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machinewith a capacity of at least 110 ft lbf as used for the simplebeam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.10.2 Standard machines may be modified by using a m
17、oresensitive scale, or pendulum machines of a lower capacity maybe used where values of less than 25 ft lbf will be obtained.11. Test Specimens11.1 Except for pipe, the test specimen shall have the shapeand dimensions as shown in Fig. 1 for notch Charpy bars andFig. 3 for unnotched Charpy bars. Bars
18、 must have a smoothmachined or ground surface finish. The notched area of notchtype bars shall be free of any burrs or machining marks thatcould adversely influence test values.11.2 In the case of malleable or ductile irons that are to betested after heat treatment, such as austempered ductile irons
19、,final finish grinding of longitudinal faces and cutting of thenotch must be performed after completion of all heat treatmentoperations.11.3 Test specimens taken from ductile iron pipe shall be0.500 in. wide, measured from the notched face. The thicknessof the notched face shall be equal to the full
20、 wall thickness ofthe pipe (t), except that specimens in which the pipe wallspecimen thickness exceeds the maximum height accommo-dated by the impact test machine shall be machined to athickness that can be accommodated by the machine. Speci-mens shall be machined in accordance with Fig. 2.12. Proce
21、dure12.1 Test the specimen in accordance with the proceduresset forth in Test Methods E23.12.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be performedat 70 6 10F.12.3 For testing at other than room temperature, accuracy ofresults is ensured by following the procedure outlined in TestMethods E23.12.4
22、 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any castiron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13.1.1 For malleable or ductile irons, the results shall bereported as ft lbf at F, “standard notched Charpy test” or“standard unnotched C
23、harpy test,” depending upon whichspecimen type was employed.13.1.2 Impact test results for ductile iron pipe shall becorrected by calculation as follows:Impact value corrected = 0.40t 3 impact value measuredwhere t is the thickness of the specimen in inches (see Fig. 2and Note 2).NOTE 2The ratio0.40
24、t (where t = pipe wall thickness in inches), whenmultiplied by the measured energy values, normalizes reported energyvalues for pipe or tube of different wall thicknesses to a standard 0.40 in.wall dimension.13.1.3 Where tests are conducted at other than room tem-perature, as defined in 12.2, actual
25、 test temperature in thesamples themselves at the time of testing shall be recorded andreported with the determined energy values. These tempera-tures shall be measured and reported to 62F.14. Precision and Bias14.1 PrecisionNo statement on precision is currentlyavailable. The test methods for impac
26、t testing in this standardand in A 327 M are based on referenced Test Methods E23.Determination of precision for Test Methods E23is currentlyunder evaluation in Judicial Committee E-28 on MechanicalTesting.14.2 BiasSince no acceptable single reference materialfor determining bias in measuring impact
27、 energy for the varietyof cast irons covered by these test methods has been identified,bias has not been established.NOTEPermissible variations shall be as follows:Adjacent sides shall be at 90 6 10 minCross section dimensions 60.001 in.Length of specimen, L 60, 0.100 in.Angle of notch 61Radius of n
28、otch 60.001 in.Dimension to bottom of notch 60.001 in.Distance to notch,L2 60.040 in.FIG. 1 Standard Vee Notch Charpy Bar Impact Test SpecimenA 327 91 (2006)2In Diagrams (a) and (b) the symbol t is for the pipe wall thickness.Permissible variations forL2 shall be 60.040 in.FIG. 2 Impact Test Specime
29、n for Ductile Iron Pipe and TubeA 327 91 (2006)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
30、 and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for rev
31、ision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you
32、 shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be
33、obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).NOTEPermissible variations shall be as follows:Adjacent sides shall be at 90 6 10 minCross section dimensions 60.001 in.Length of specimen 60, 0.100 in.FIG. 3 Unnotched Charpy Bar Impact Test SpecimenA 327 91 (2006)4
