1、Designation: A354 171Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and OtherExternally Threaded Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTETable 4 was editor
3、ially corrected in November 2017.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers the chemical and mechanicalrequirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs,and other externally threaded fasteners 4 in. and under indiameter for application at normal atmospheric temperatures,where high strength
4、is required and for limited application atelevated temperature (Note 1). Any alloy steel capable ofmeeting the mechanical and chemical properties set forth inthis specification may be used.NOTE 1For bolts, studs, or other externally threaded fasteners, to beused at elevated temperatures, refer to Sp
5、ecification A193/A193M.1.2 Two strength levels are covered, designated Grades BCand BD. Selection will depend upon design and the stressesand service for which the product is to be used.NOTE 2Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts for structural steeljoints up through 112 in. in diameter are covere
6、d in SpecificationF3125/F3125M. For fastener diameter sizes above 112 in., Grade BC maybe considered for structural steel bolting where tensile strength above 120ksi is necessary and Grade BD may be considered for structural steelbolting where tensile strength above 150 ksi is necessary. In this eve
7、nt,additional requirements of Specification F3125/F3125M, such as headsize, lubricant, and magnetic particle inspection, should be carefullyconsidered.1.3 Nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless other-wise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade offastener shall be as follows:Gra
8、de of Fastener and Surface FinishNut Grade andStyleABC, plain (or with a coating of insufficient thick-ness to require over-tapped nuts)C, heavy hexBC, zinc-coated (or with a coating thickness re-quiring over-tapped nuts)DH, heavy hexBD, all finishes DH, heavy hexANuts of other grades and styles hav
9、ing specified proof load stresses (Specifica-tion A563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut are suitable.1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided atthe end of this standard.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789 unless otherwise defi
10、ned herein.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Pr
11、inciples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or
12、 High PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelE23 Test Methods for No
13、tched Bar Impact Testing of Me-tallic Materials1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved
14、 in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A354 11. DOI:10.1520/A0354-17E01.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-354 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servi
15、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
16、959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
17、 Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1268 Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding orOrientation of MicrostructuresE1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingE1444/E1444M Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingE2884 Guide for Eddy Current Testing of
18、Electrically Con-ducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor ArraysF436/F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inchand Metric DimensionsF606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the MechanicalProperties of Externally and Internally ThreadedFasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rive
19、tsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization
20、 andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered, Threaded, SteelBolts, Screws, Studs, and NutsF2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip,Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy SteelBolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special ThreadedFastenersF3125/F3125M Specification for High Strength
21、StructuralBolts, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830MPa) and 150 ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength,Inch and Metric Dimensions2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch SeriesB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dar
22、d for B18 Fastener Products2.3 ISO Publication5ISO TR 20491 Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement inSteel Fasteners63. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for bolts and studs (including nuts and accesso-ries) under this specification shall include the following:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3
23、.1.2 Name of product (that is, bolt or stud),3.1.3 Grade (that is, BC or BD),3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size, including nuts,and washers),3.1.5 Size, including nominal bolt diameter and bolt length,and thread pitch if other than standard,3.1.6 Zinc CoatingWhen zinc-coated fasteners arereq
24、uired, specify the zinc-coating process required, for ex-ample hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference (see4.3).3.1.7 Other FinishesSpecify other protective finish, ifrequired.3.1.8 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture isrequired,3.1.9 Specify if Test Reports (Section 17) are requ
25、ired,3.1.10 Specify additional testing (Section 12) or specialrequirements, and3.1.11 Any supplementary requirements.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 All fasteners shall be heat-treated. At the option of themanufacturer, heat treat
26、ment may be performed on the rawmaterial, during the manufacturing operations, or after finalforming or machining. Heat treatment shall consist of quench-ing in a liquid medium from above the austenite transformationtemperature and then tempering by reheating to a temperatureof not less than 800F. W
27、hen heat treatment is performed afterthreading for headed fasteners or double end studs, the fasten-ers shall be quenched in oil.NOTE 3The manufacturer should ensure that the austenite transfor-mation temperature has been exceeded and sufficient time allowed toachieve adequate transformation to mart
28、ensite throughout the fastenerduring quenching. This requirement is especially critical for sizes above112 in. as they require more time for heat transfer from the center. Thismicrostructure helps to ensure uniform mechanical properties, specificallyhardness, strength and toughness, are achieved thr
29、oughout the fastener.4.2 Washers for bolts supplied to this standard shall be inaccordance with Specification F436/F436M. Nuts for boltssupplied to this standard shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation A563.4.3 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically DepositedRequiring Over-tapped Nuts:4.3.1 When
30、 zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc coating process, for example,hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference.4.3.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the threaded components(bolts and nuts) shall be zinc coated by the hot-dip process inaccordance with the requi
31、rements of Specification F2329/F2329M.4.3.3 When “mechanically deposited” is specified, thethreaded components (bolts and nuts) shall be zinc-coated bythe mechanical-deposition process in accordance with therequirements of Class 55 of Specification B695.4.3.4 When no preference is specified, the sup
32、plier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F2329/F2329M, or a mechanically deposited zinccoating in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55.Threaded components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by thesame zinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limite
33、dto one process per item with no mixed processes in a lot.4.3.5 Unless otherwise specified, when zinc-coated washersare required, the washers shall be hot-dip zinc coated inaccordance with Specification F2329/F2329M, or mechani-cally deposited zinc-coated in accordance with SpecificationB695, Class
34、55. The coating process for the washers need notbe the same as that for the threaded components (bolts andnuts).4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from International Or
35、ganization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.6Pending approval.A354 1712NOTE 4See ISO TR 204916, “Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittle-ment in Steel Fasteners”, listed in 2.3, in regard to the
36、 susceptibility ofhigh hardness, electroplated zinc coated materials to hydrogen embrittle-ment.4.4 Other Coatings:4.4.1 When other coatings are required, the purchaser shallspecify the coating specification, including the classificationcodes or grade numbers to identify the coating material,thickne
37、ss, supplemental treatments, or other requirements todefine the coating. The fasteners shall be coated in accordancewith and conform to the specified coating specification.4.4.2 When a specification does not apply, the purchasershall specify the desired coating, coating thickness, supplemen-tary tre
38、atments, or other requirements to define the coating.5. Chemical Composition5.1 All fasteners shall be made from alloy steel conformingto the chemical composition requirements in accordance withTable 1. The steel shall contain sufficient alloying elements toqualify it as an alloy steel.5.2 Product a
39、nalysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished material representing each lot of fasteners. Choice ofalloy steel composition necessary to ensure meeting the speci-fied mechanical requirements shall be made by the manufac-turer and shall be reported to the purchaser for informationpurposes only.5.
40、3 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth,selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shallnot be permitted.5.4 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Tensile Properties:6.1.1 Except as per
41、mitted in 6.1.2 and 6.1.3, diameters ofheaded fasteners 1 in. and smaller having a nominal length of214 D and longer, and diameters over 1 in. having a nominallength of 3D and longer, shall be wedge tested full size to TestMethod F606/F606M and shall conform to the tensile load andproof load in Tabl
42、e 3.6.1.2 Headed fasteners with diameters 1 in. and smallerhaving a nominal length shorter than 214 D down to 2D,inclusive, that cannot be wedge tensile tested, shall be axiallytension tested full size to Test Method F606/F606M and shallconform to the tensile load and proof load in Table 3.6.1.3 Hea
43、ded fasteners with diameters 1 in. and smallerhaving a nominal length shorter than 2D and diameters largerthan 1 in. with nominal lengths shorter than 3D that cannot beaxially tensile tested shall be accepted on the basis of hardnessin Table 2.6.1.4 Studs with nominal lengths of 5D and longer shall
44、beaxially tension tested full size and shall conform to the tensileload and proof load in Table 3. Studs with nominal lengths lessthan 5D shall be qualified on the basis of hardness in Table 2.6.1.5 Fracture on full-size tests shall be in the threads of thefastener without fracture at the junction o
45、f the head and body.6.1.6 When the sizes of the fastener makes full-size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements in Table 4. When bolts are testedby both full-size and machined specimen methods, the full-sizetest shall take precedence.6.2 HardnessF
46、asteners shall conform to the hardness inTable 2. Fasteners over 214 in. in nominal diameter shallconform to the cross sectional hardness requirements in Sec-tion 9.6.3 For fasteners on which both hardness and tension testsare performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shalltake precedence
47、in the event that there is controversy over lowreadings of hardness tests, except as stated in 9.1.1.7. Carburization/Decarburization7.1 Requirements:7.1.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of acarburized surface when evaluated in accordance with TestMethod F2328.7.1.2 DecarburizationHar
48、dness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization inTest Method F2328. Grade BC shall meet the requirements ofClass 1 and Grade BD shall meet the requirements of Class 2,regardless of size.8. Charpy Absorbed-Energy8.1 Requirements:TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAll
49、oy Steel for Sizes through 4 in. for Grade BC and through 214 in. forGrade BDElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %Carbon: 0.30 to 0.53 0.28 to 0.55Manganese, min 0.600 0.570Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Boron, max 0.003 0.003Alloying ElementsAAAlloy Steel for Grade BD Sizes over 214 in. through 4 in.Element HeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %Carbon 0.35-0.53 0.33-0.55Nickel, min 0.400 0.380Chromium, min 0.400 0.380Molybdenum, min 0.150 0.150Manganese, min 0.600 0.570Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Boron, max 0.003 0.
