1、Designation: A 372/A 372M 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled PressureVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 372/A 372M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers relatively thin-walled forg-ings (including gas bottles) for
3、 pressure vessel use. Three typesof carbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included.Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vesselbodies made from seamless pipe or tubing.NOTE 1When working to the chemical and tensile requirements ofthis specification, the influence of wall thick
4、ness and cooling rate willnecessarily eliminate certain forging sizes in each class.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade A Type IGrade B Type IIGrade C Type IIIGrade D Type IVGrade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65Grade E Clas
5、s 70 Type V Grade 1 Class 70Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4
6、Class 55Grade H Class 65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70Grade K Type VIGrade L Type VIIGrade J Class 110 Type VIIIGrade M Class 85 Type IX Class AGr
7、ade M Class 100 Type IX Class B1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may
8、 result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished toinch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA
9、 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirem
10、entsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material forDuctilityE 433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-tion3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ord
11、ering information required bySpecification A 788/A 788M, the purchaser shall include withthe inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or writtendescription of the forging and the areas of significant loading inthe forging when required (see 6.4.2.2).3.2 Material supplied to this specification s
12、hall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, product analysis variations, and additional supple-mentary requirements.3.3 If the require
13、ments of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subc
14、ommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallypublished in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 372/A 372M 03.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-372/SA-372M in Secti
15、on II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
16、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting Practice:4.1.1 The steel melting procedures of Specification A 788/A 788M shall apply except that for Grade M forgings, onlysteel that has been vacuum treated prior to or during thepourin
17、g of the ingot, in order to remove objectionable gases,particularly hydrogen, shall be used.4.2 Production Methods:4.2.1 Methods for the production of gas bottles and similarvessels shall include the cupping of slabs or plates, the piercingof billets or plates, and the subsequent drawing of cups sop
18、roduced. Such semifinished forgings or seamless steel pipe ortubing shall be closed by spinning, swedging, or pressing. In allcases there shall be sufficient discard to ensure soundness in thecompleted forging.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, Grades A, B, C, Dand Classes 5
19、5, 65, 70 of Grades E, F, G, H, and J forgingsshall be normalized, normalized and tempered, or liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, and Class 110 of Grade J forgingsshall be liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.3 When normalized forgings are to be tempered, orwhen forgings have been quench
20、ed, they shall be reheated to asubcritical temperature and held for at least12 h/in. 25 mm ofmaximum cross section.4.3.3.1 Minimum tempering temperatures shall be as fol-lows:Grades E, F, G, H, J in Classes 55, 65, 70 1100F 595CGrade K 1100F 595CGrade L 1000F 540CGrade J Class 110 1000F 540CGrade M
21、1100F 595C4.3.3.2 If an attachment is welded onto a previouslyquenched and tempered pressure vessel, the post weld heattreatment temperature of a weldment shall not exceed the priortempering temperature of the pressure vessel. Fabricationwelding of pressure shell is not permitted. Attachment welding
22、prior to heat treatment is not permitted.4.3.4 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be subjectto magnetic particle examination in accordance with Section 7.4.3.5 Heat treatment is to be performed after all formingoperations.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from
23、sam-pling in accordance with Specification A 788/A 788M shallcomply with Table 1.5.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the productanalysis provision of Specification A 788/A 788M to obtain aproduct analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat.5.3 Starting material produced to a
24、 specification that spe-cifically requires the addition of any element beyond thoselisted in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is notpermitted. This does not preclude use of deoxidation orinclusion control additions. Supplementary Requirements S1and S2 of Specification A 788/A 788M shall
25、apply.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Mechanical tests for acceptance shall be made after thefinal heat treatment of the forgings.6.2 Tension TestWhen tested in accordance with TestMethods and Definitions A 370, the material shall conform toTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %Grade A Gra
26、de B Grade C Grade DCarbon 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.48 max 0.400.50Manganese 1.00 max 1.35 max 1.65 max 1.401.80Phosphorus, 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025maxSulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 0.170.27Grade EClasses55, 65, 70Grade FClasses55,
27、65, 70Grade GClasses55, 65, 70Grade HClasses55, 65, 70Grade JClasses 55,65, 70, 110Carbon 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.350.50Manganese 0.400.90 0.701.00 0.701.00 0.751.05 0.751.05Phosphorus, 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025maxSulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0
28、.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium 0.801.15 0.801.15 0.400.65 0.400.65 0.801.15Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25Grade K Grade L Grade MClasses 85and 100Carbon 0.18 max 0.380.43 0.23 maxManganese 0.100.40 0.600.80 0.200.40Phosphorus, 0.025 max 0.025 0.020maxSulfur, max 0.0
29、25 max 0.025 0.020Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.30 maxNickel 2.03.3 1.652.00 2.83.9Chromium 1.001.80 0.700.90 1.502.00Molybdenum 0.200.60 0.200.30 0.400.60Vanadium 0.08 maxTABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsTypeTensile Strength,ksi MPaYieldStrength(0.2 % Offset),ksi MPa, minElongationin2in.50 mm,min, %Har
30、dness,HB, minAGrade A 6085 415585 35 240 20 121Grade B 75100 515690 45 310 18 156Grade C 90115 620795 55 380 15 187Grade D 105130 725895 65 450 15 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 55)85110 545760 55 380 20 179Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 65)105130 725895 65 450 19 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 70)120145
31、8251000 70 485 18 248Grade J(Class 110)135160 9301100 110 760 15 277Grade K 100125 690860 80 550 20 207Grade L 155180 10701240 135 930 12 311Grade M(Class 85)105130 725895 85 585 18 217Grade M(Class 100)120145 8251000 100 690 16 248AWhen required by 6.6.A 372/A 372M 03 (2008)2the requirements of Tab
32、le 2. The yield strength shall bedetermined by the 0.2 % offset method.6.3 Bending PropertiesDepending upon the outside diam-eter, D, and the wall thickness, T, of hollow or bored forgings,a bend test or flattening test will be required.6.3.1 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters of14
33、in. 355 mm or less and with a D/T ratio of more than 10.0,a flattening test is required. This shall be carried out inaccordance with Specification A 530/A 530M and Table 3.Nobreaks or cracks in the test ring are acceptable until the distancebetween the plates is less than that shown in Table 3.6.3.2
34、 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diametersover 14 in. 355 mm, or where the D/T ratio is 10.0 or less atthe manufacturers option, the flattening test specified in 6.3.1,or a transverse bend test in accordance with Arrangement C ofTest Methods E 290 is required. The bend test pin diametersha
35、ll be as specified in Table 4. No cracks or ruptures in the testpiece are allowable when the test piece is bent through therequired angle.6.4 Orientation and Location of Test Specimens:6.4.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shellsshall be taken from a prolongation of a forging, from test
36、 ringsthat have been heat treated with the forgings they represent, orfrom a representative forging after heat treatment in accor-dance with 4.3.6.4.1.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shellsshall be located at a position corresponding to the mid-walllocation of the parallel side wall o
37、f the heat-treated forging andshall be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.6.4.1.2 A test ring shall be in the shape of a right circularcylinder having the same diameter and wall thickness as thecylinders it represents. In addition, the test ring shall be fromthe same heat of st
38、eel and be subjected to the same heattreatment as the cylinders it represents. The method of quench-ing the test ring must duplicate that of the cylinders; if thecylinders are quenched from the outside only, then the test ringmust have its ends closed. The length of test rings that will beliquid que
39、nched must be at least 24 in. 610 mm. The ends ofsuch test rings may be vented to prevent pressure buildupduring heat treating.6.4.2 Test specimens representing vessel covers or similarcomponents may be taken from a full section prolongation ofthe cover, from a representative forging, or from an int
40、egralprolongation when the part is contour-machined prior to heattreatment.6.4.2.1 Test specimens taken from full size prolongations orrepresentative forgings shall be located at a position midwaybetween the center and the surface.6.4.2.2 When forgings are contour-machined prior to heattreatment so
41、that highly stressed surfaces are exposed, the testspecimens may be taken at an equal distance (t) from thenearest quenched surface as the highly stressed area, but notless than34 in. 20 mm. The location of the specimens from asecond surface shall be at least the greater of 112 in. 40 mmor 2t.6.5 Nu
42、mber of Tests:6.5.1 Up to 200 like forgings, each with a heat-treatedweight of less than 1000 lb 510 kg when heat treated in asingle batch furnace charge, shall have one tension test taken inaccordance with 6.4.1 or 6.4.2 to represent each heat. Inaddition, for hollow or bored forgings, one bend or
43、flatteningtest shall be taken in accordance with 6.3.6.5.2 Like forgings, weighing less than 1000 lb 450 kgeach when heat treated in a continuous furnace, shall have onetensile test taken to represent each heat and not more than 200forgings in any continuous period up to 4 h duration. Inaddition, bo
44、red or hollow forgings shall have one bend orflattening test taken per heat per 200 forgings in any continuousperiod up to 4 h duration in accordance with 6.3.6.5.3 For heat-treated forgings weighing 1000 lb 450 kg ormore, one tension test shall be taken in accordance with 6.4.1or 6.4.2 to represent
45、 each heat and not more than ten forgingsin a heat-treat lot. In addition, hollow or bored forgings shallhave one bend or flattening test, taken in accordance with 6.3,to represent each ten or fewer forgings from the same heat andheat-treatment lot.6.6 Hardness Testing:6.6.1 Forgings under 1000 lb 4
46、50 kgm in weight, heattreated in a batch lot of up to 200 pieces (6.5.1)orinacontinuous furnace run covering up to 200 pieces in up to fourhours production (6.5.2) shall be subject to a uniformity checkby Brinell hardness testing, or an equivalent method. For thispurpose, 10 % of the furnace product
47、ion shall be sampled andshall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2 for thetype and shall also be within 20 Brinell points of the hardnessof the forging from which the tensile test was taken.6.6.2 In the event that the test sample does not meet thesecriteria, the remainder of that productio
48、n group shall behardness tested and all of those forgings that fall outside theseTABLE 3 Distance Between Plates for Flattening TestsAType Distance Between Plates, min, in. mmGrade A 0.50 DGrade B 0.6 DGrade C 0.65 DGrade D 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 0.
49、8 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70) 0.8 DGrade J (Class 110) 0.9 DGrade K 0.8 DGrade L 0.9 DGrade M (Class 85) 0.7 DGrade M (Class 100) 0.8 DAD = outside diameter.TABLE 4 Maximum Pin Diameters and Minimum Angle for BendTestType Pin Diameter Angle, degGrade A 2t 180Grade B 2t 180Grade C 3t 180Grade D 4t 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 4t 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 4t 150Gr
