1、Designation: A372/A372M 16Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled PressureVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A372/A372M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers relatively thin-walled forg-ings (including gas bottles) for pressure vessel use.
3、Three typesof carbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included.Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vesselbodies made from seamless pipe or tubing.NOTE 1When working to the chemical and tensile requirements ofthis specification, the influence of wall thickness and cooling rate
4、willnecessarily eliminate certain forging sizes in each class.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade A Type IGrade B Type IIGrade C Type IIIGrade D Type IVGrade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65Grade E Class 70 Type V Grade 1 Cl
5、ass 70Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4 Class 55Grade H Class
6、65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70Grade K Type VIGrade L Type VIIGrade J Class 110 Type VIIIGrade M Class 85 Type IX Class AGrade M Class 100 Type I
7、X Class B1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conform
8、ancewith the standard.1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished toinch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination ofSteel ForgingsA370 Test Methods and Def
9、initions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsE112 Test Methods for Determini
10、ng Average Grain SizeE165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination forGeneral IndustryE290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductil-ityE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-tion2.2 ASME Standard:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code43. Ordering Information and Gene
11、ral Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include withthe inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or writtendescription of the forging and the areas of significant loading inthe forging when required (see 6.4.2.2).3.2 M
12、aterial supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct respons
13、ibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallypublished in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A372/A372M 15.DOI: 10.1520/A0372_A0372M-16.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see rel
14、ated Specifi-cation SA-372/SA-372M in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
16、ocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organ
17、ization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-tional supplementary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specif
18、ication A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting PracticeThe steel melting procedures ofSpecification A788/A788M shall apply except that for GradeM forgings, only steel that has been vacuum treated before orduring the pouring of the ingo
19、t, to remove objectionable gases,particularly hydrogen, shall be used.4.2 Production MethodsMethods for the production of gasbottles and similar vessels shall include the cupping of slabs orplates, the piercing of billets or plates, and the subsequentdrawing of cups so produced. Such semifinished fo
20、rgings orseamless steel pipe or tubing shall be closed by spinning,swedging, or pressing. In all cases, there shall be sufficientdiscard to ensure soundness in the completed forging.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, GradesA, B, C, andD and Classes 55, 65, and 70 of Grades E
21、, F, G, H, and Jforgings shall be normalized, normalized and tempered, liquidquenched and tempered, or normalized followed by liquidquench and temper.4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, N, and P and Classes 90 and 110 ofGrade J forgings shall be liquid quenched and tempered, ornormalized followed by liquid quench
22、 and temper.4.3.3 When normalized forgings are to be tempered, orwhen forgings have been quenched, they shall be reheated to asubcritical temperature and held for at least12 h/in. 25 mm ofmaximum cross section.4.3.3.1 Minimum tempering temperatures shall be as fol-lows:Grades E, F, G, H, J in Classe
23、s 55, 65, 70, 90 1100 F 595 CGrade K 1100 F 595 CGrade L, N, P 1000 F 540 CGrade J Class 110 1000 F 540 CGrade M 1100 F 595 C4.3.3.2 If an attachment is welded onto a previouslyquenched and tempered pressure vessel, the post-weld heattreatment temperature of a weldment shall not exceed the priortemp
24、ering temperature of the pressure vessel. Fabricationwelding of pressure shell is not permitted. Attachment weldingbefore heat treatment is not permitted.4.3.4 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be subjectto magnetic particle examination in accordance with Section 7.4.3.5 Heat treatment is to
25、be performed after all formingoperations.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shallcomply with Table 1.5.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the productanalysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtai
26、n aproduct analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat.5.3 Starting material produced to a specification that spe-cifically requires the addition of any element beyond thoselisted in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is notpermitted. This does not preclude use of deoxid
27、ation orinclusion control additions. Supplementary Requirements S1and S2 of Specification A788/A788M shall apply.5.4 Temper Embrittlement ControlThe purchasers atten-tion is drawn to Supplementary Requirement S24 in Specifi-cation A788/A788M for application of the J Factor, which maybe of assistance
28、 in the control of temper embrittlement inforgings produced to Specification A372/A372M.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Mechanical tests for acceptance shall be made after thefinal heat treatment of the forgings.6.2 Tension TestWhen tested in accordance with TestMethods and Definitions A370, the materia
29、l shall conform tothe requirements of Table 2. The yield strength shall bedetermined by the 0.2 % offset method.6.3 Bending PropertiesDepending upon the outsidediameter, D, and the wall thickness, T, of hollow or boredforgings, a bend test or flattening test will be required.TABLE 1 Chemical Require
30、mentsElement Composition, %Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade DCarbon 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.48 max 0.400.50Manganese 1.00 max 1.35 max 1.65 max 1.401.80Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 0.170.27Grad
31、e EClasses55, 65, 70Grade FClasses55, 65, 70Grade GClasses55, 65, 70Grade HClasses55, 65, 70Grade JClasses 55,65, 70, 110Carbon 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.350.50Manganese 0.400.90 0.701.00 0.701.00 0.751.05 0.751.05Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010
32、0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium 0.801.15 0.801.15 0.400.65 0.400.65 0.801.15Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25Grade K Grade LGrade MClasses 85and 100Grade NClasses100, 120,140Grade PClasses100, 120,140Carbon 0.18 max 0.380.43 0.23 m
33、ax 0.35 max 0.40 maxManganese 0.100.40 0.600.80 0.200.40 0.90 max 0.90 maxPhosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.35 maxNickel 2.03.3 1.652.00 2.83.9 1.52.25 2.33.3Chromium 1.001.80 0.700.90 1.502.00 0.802.00
34、0.802.00Molybdenum 0.200.60 0.200.30 0.400.60 0.200.40 0.300.50Vanadium 0.08 max 0.20 max 0.20 maxA372/A372M 1626.3.1 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters of14 in. 355 mm or less and with a D/T ratio of more than 10.0,a flattening test is required. This shall be carried out inaccordan
35、ce with Specification A530/A530M and Table 3.Nobreaks or cracks in the test ring are acceptable until the distancebetween the plates is less than that shown in Table 3.6.3.2 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diametersover 14 in. 355 mm, or where the D/T ratio is 10.0 or less atthe manufactur
36、ers option, the flattening test specified in 6.3.1,or a transverse bend test in accordance with Test Methods E290is required. In cases in which the Test Methods E290 methodused stipulates a bend test pin or mandrel, the diameter shall beas specified in Table 4. No cracks or ruptures in the test piec
37、eare allowable when the test piece is bent through the requiredangle.6.4 Orientation and Location of Test Specimens:6.4.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shellsshall be taken from a prolongation of a forging, from test ringsthat have been heat treated with the forgings they represent, o
38、rfrom a representative forging after heat treatment in accor-dance with 4.3.6.4.1.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shellsfor properties other than bending properties shall be located ata position corresponding to the mid-wall location of theparallel side wall of the heat-treated forgin
39、g and shall beoriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.6.4.1.2 A test ring shall be in the shape of a right circularcylinder having the same diameter and wall thickness as thecylinders it represents. In addition, the test ring shall be fromthe same heat of steel and be subjected to t
40、he same heattreatment as the cylinders it represents. The method of quench-ing the test ring shall duplicate that of the cylinders; if thecylinders are quenched from the outside only, then the test ringshall have its ends closed. The length of test rings that will beliquid quenched shall be at least
41、 24 in. 610 mm. The ends ofsuch test rings may be vented to prevent pressure buildupduring heat treating.6.4.2 Test specimens representing vessel covers or similarcomponents may be taken from a full-section prolongation ofthe cover, a representative forging, or an integral prolongationwhen the part
42、is contour machined before heat treatment.6.4.2.1 Test specimens taken from full size prolongations orrepresentative forgings shall be located at a position midwaybetween the center and the surface.6.4.2.2 When forgings are contour machined before heattreatment so that highly stressed surfaces are e
43、xposed, the testspecimens may be taken at an equal distance (t) from thenearest quenched surface as the highly stressed area but notless than34 in. 20 mm. The location of the specimens from asecond surface shall be at least the greater of 112 in. 40 mmor 2t.TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsTypeTensile
44、 Strength,ksi MPaYieldStrength(0.2 % Offset),ksi MPa, minElongationin2in.50 mm,min, %Hardness,HB, minAGrade A 6085 415585 35 240 20 121Grade B 75100 515690 45 310 18 156Grade C 90115 620795 55 380 15 187Grade D 105130 725895 65 450 15 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 55)85110 545760 55 380 20 179Grades
45、 E, F, G,H, J (Class 65)105130 725895 65 450 19 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 70)120145 8251000 70 485 18 248Grade J(Class 90)120145 8251000 90 620 18 248Grade J(Class 110)135160 9301100 110 760 15 277Grade K 100125 690860 80 550 20 207Grade L 15518010701240135 930 12 311Grade M(Class 85)105130 7258
46、95 85 585 18 217Grade M(Class 100)120145 8251000 100 690 16 248Grades N and P(Class 100)115140 795965 100 690 16 248Grades N and P(Class 120)135160 9301105 120 825 14 277Grades N and P(Class 140)15518010701240140 965 13 311AWhen required by 6.6.TABLE 3 Distance Between Plates for Flattening TestsATy
47、pe Distance Between PlatesGrade A 0.50 DGrade B 0.6 DGrade C 0.65 DGrade D 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 0.8 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70) andGrade J (Class 90)0.8 DGrade J (Class 110) 0.9 DGrade K 0.8 DGrade L 0.9 DGrade M (Class 85) 0.7 DGrade M (Clas
48、s 100) 0.8 DGrades N, P (Class 100) 0.8 DGrades N, P (Classes 120, 140) 0.9 DAD = outside diameter.TABLE 4 Maximum Pin Diameters and Minimum Angle for BendTestType Pin Diameter Angle, degGrade A 2T 180Grade B 2T 180Grade C 3T 180Grade D 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H,
49、J (Class 65) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70)and Grade J (Class 90)4T 150Grade J (Class 110) 6T 150Grade K 4T 150Grade L 6T 150Grade M (Class 85) 4T 150Grade M (Class 100) 4T 150Grades N, P (Class 100) 6T 150Grades N, P (Classes 120, 140) 6T 150A372/A372M 1636.5 Number of Tests:6.5.1 Up to 200 like forgings, each with a heat-treatedweight of les
