1、Designation: A381 96 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forMetal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-PressureTransmission Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers straight seam, double-submerged-arc-welded steel pipe (Note 1) sui
3、table for high-pressure service, 16 in. (406 mm) and larger in outsidediameter, with wall thicknesses from516 to 112 in. (7.9 to 38mm). The pipe is intended for fabrication of fittings andaccessories for compressor or pump-station piping. Pipe or-dered to this specification shall be suitable for ben
4、ding,flanging (vastoning), corrugating, and similar operations.NOTE 1A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions iscontained in ANSI B36.10.NOTE 2The term “double welded” is commonly used in the gas andoil transmission industry, for which this pipe is primarily intended, toindicate weldi
5、ng with at least two weld passes, of which one is on theoutside of the pipe and one on the inside. For some sizes of the pipecovered by this specification, it becomes expedient to use manual welding,in which case the provisions of Note 3 shall be followed.1.2 Nine classes of pipe, based on minimum y
6、ield pointrequirements, are covered as indicated in Table 1.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following caveat
7、applies to the test methodsportion, Sections 9 and 10, only. This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability o
8、f regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeE30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast I
9、ron,Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)32.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section VIII Pressure VesselsSection IX Welding Qualifications2.3 ANSI Standard:5ANSI B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to this specification sh
10、ould includethe following, as required, to describe the desired materialadequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (metal-arc welded pipe),3.1.3 Class (Table 1),3.1.4 Material (carbon or alloy steel, Section 5),3.1.5 Size (outside diameter and wall thi
11、ckness),3.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section 13),3.1.7 Ends (Section 14),3.1.8 Heat treatment (stress-relieved or normalized) (see5.6),3.1.9 Optional requirements (see 5.2 (Note 3), Sections 11and 15),3.1.10 Specification number, and3.1.11 Special requirements or exceptions to this specifica-t
12、ion.4. General Requirements4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A530/A530M, unless otherwise provided herein.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and R
13、elated Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A381 96 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/A0381-96R12.2For referenced ASTM st
14、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.
15、4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,New York, NY 10017.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
16、ken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel plate used in the manufacture of the pipe shallbe of suitable welding quality carbon steel, or of suitablewelding quality high-strength, low-alloy steel, as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and purchaser.5.2 The longitudi
17、nal edges of the plate shall be shaped togive the most satisfactory results by the particular weldingprocess employed. The plate shall be properly formed and maybe tacked preparatory to welding. The weld (except tack welds)shall be made preferably by the automatic submerged-arc-welding process (Note
18、 3) and shall be of reasonably uniformwidth and height for the entire length of the pipe.NOTE 3By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser,manual welding by qualified welders using a qualified procedure may beused as an equal alternate to this specification.5.3 Both longitudinal and circ
19、umferential (if any) jointsshall be double welded, full penetration welds being made inaccordance with procedures and by welders or welding opera-tors qualified in accordance with the ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code, Section IX.5.4 The contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth, withno valley
20、or groove along the edge or in the center of the weld,and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformlyinto the plate surface. The finish of the welded joint shall bereasonably smooth and free from irregularities, grooves, ordepressions.5.5 All pipe, after welding, shall be heat treated
21、at atemperature of 1100F (593C) or higher.5.6 When specified in the purchase order, all pipe afterwelding shall be heated at 1650 to 1750F (899 to 954C) andair cooled.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The carbon steels shall conform to the requirements asto chemical composition specified in Table 2.6.2 The
22、 high-strength low-alloy steels shall be of specifiedchemical composition in order to ensure weldability andspecified minimum tensile properties including elongation.6.3 Mill test reports, as provided by the manufacturer of theplate, shall be furnished representing the chemical analysis ofeach heat
23、of steel from which the plates are rolled. Thischemical analysis shall conform to the requirements of 5.1, 6.1,or 6.2.6.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods E30 shall be used.7. Tensile Requirements7.1 The tensile properties of transverse body-test specimenstaken from the finished pipe shall conform
24、 to the requirementsprescribed in Table 1. The tensile strength of the transverseweld-test specimens shall conform to that specified in Table 1.7.2 Transverse body-test specimens shall be taken approxi-mately opposite the weld; transverse weld-test specimens shallbe taken with the weld at the center
25、 of the specimen. For pipewall thicknesses up to34 in. (19 mm), incl, all transverse testspecimens shall be approximately 112 in. (38 mm) wide in thegauge length and shall represent the full wall thickness of thepipe from which the specimen was cut (see Fig. 23, TestMethods and Definitions A370). Fo
26、r pipe with wall thicknessesover34 in. (19 mm), the standard 0.505-in. (12.83-mm) roundtension test specimen with 2-in. (50.8-mm) gauge length shallbe used (see Fig. 5, Test Methods and Definitions A370).7.3 If the tension test specimen from any lot of pipe fails toconform to the requirements for th
27、e particular grade of pipeordered, the manufacturer may elect to make retests on twoadditional lengths of pipe from the same lot, each of whichshall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 2.Ifoneor both of the retests fail to conform to the requirements, themanufacturer may elect to test ea
28、ch of the remaining lengths ofpipe in the lot. Retests are required only for the particular testwith which the pipe specimen did not comply originally.7.4 All test specimens which are flattened cold may bereheat treated before machining.8. Transverse Guided-Bend Tests Weld8.1 Transverse weld test sp
29、ecimens shall be subject to faceand root guided-bend tests. The specimens shall be approxi-mately 112 in. (38.1 mm) wide, at least 6 in. (152 mm) inlength with the weld at the center, and shall be machined inaccordance with Fig. 1. One specimen shall be bent with theinside surface of the pipe agains
30、t the plunger, and the otherspecimen with the outside surface against the plunger. Thedimensions of the plunger for the bending jig shall be inaccordance with Fig. 2 and the other dimensions shall besubstantially as shown in Fig. 2.8.2 The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or otherdefects e
31、xceeding18 in. (3.17 mm) in any direction are presentin the weld metal or between the weld and pipe metal afterbending. Cracks which originate along the edges of thespecimen during testing, and that are less than14 in. (6.35mm), measured in any direction, shall not be considered.TABLE 1 Tensile Requ
32、irementsClass Yield Strength,min, psi (MPa)Tensile Strength,min, psi (MPa)Elongation in 2 in.(50.8 mm),min, %Y 35 35 000 (240) 60 000 (415) 26Y 42 42 000 (290) 60 000 (415) 25Y 46 46 000 (316) 63 000 (435) 23Y 48 48 000 (330) 62 000 (430) 21Y 50 50 000 (345) 64 000 (440) 21Y 52 52 000 (360) 66 000 (
33、455) 20Y 56 56 000 (385) 71 000 (490) 20Y 60 60 000 (415) 75 000 (515) 20Y 65 65 000 (450) 77 000 (535) 20TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Carbon Steels on ProductAnalysisElement Composition, %, maxLadle CheckCarbon 0.26 0.30Manganese 1.40 1.50Phosphorus 0.025 0.030Sulfur 0.025 0.025A381 96 (2012)2
34、9. Hydrostatic Test9.1 Each length of pipe with wall thickness of12 in. (12.7mm) and less shall be tested to a hydrostatic pressure whichwill produce in the pipe wall a stress of not less than 85 % ofthe minimum specified yield point. This pressure shall bedetermined by the following equation:P 5 2S
35、t/Dwhere:P = hydrostatic test pressure, psi,S = 85 % of the specified minimum yield strengthof Table 1,t = specified wall thickness, in., andD = specified outside diameter, in.9.2 Each length of pipe with a wall thickness over12 in.(12.7 mm) shall be tested to a hydrostatic pressure calculatedas in
36、9.1 except that the stress S shall be 70 % of the specifiedyield point, and that a 3000-psi (20.6-MPa) maximum testpressure shall apply.9.3 When specified in the order, pipe may be furnishedwithout hydrostatic testing, and each length so furnished shallinclude with the mandatory marking the letters
37、“NH.”9.4 When certification is required by the purchaser and thehydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification shall clearlystate “Not Hydrostatically Tested,” and the specification num-ber and class, as shown on the certification, shall be followedby the letters “NH.”10. Mechanical Tests Requ
38、ired10.1 Transverse Body Tension TestOne test shall be madeon one length of pipe from each lot of 100 lengths or less, ofeach size and heat, to determine the yield strength, tensilestrength, and percent of elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm).10.2 Transverse Weld Tension TestOne test shall be madeon one le
39、ngth of pipe from each lot of 100 lengths or less, ofeach size, for tensile strength only.10.3 Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Test:10.3.1 Two weld bend test specimens as described in 8.1shall be cut from a length of pipe from each lot of 50 lengthsor less, of each size. Bend test specimens shall be cut
40、 from pipeends which have not been repaired.10.3.2 If either test fails to conform to specifiedrequirements, the manufacturer may elect to make retests ontwo additional lengths of pipe from the same lot, each of whichshall conform to the requirements specified in 8.2. If any of theretests fail to co
41、nform to the requirements, the manufacturermay elect to test each of the remaining lengths of pipe in thelot.10.4 Hydrostatic TestEach length of pipe shall be sub-jected to the hydrostatic test.11. Radiographic Examination11.1 The manufacturer shall employ radiography as a pro-duction control on the
42、 welding employed in the manufacture ofpipe to this specification.At least 5 % of the total linear footageof welding shall be subjected to radiographic examination toensure that the welding equipment is consistently producingthe required quality. The selection of the sections to be soexamined shall
43、be at the discretion of the manufacturersinspector. The purchasers inspector shall have access to theradiographic films and records of current production.11.2 When so specified on the purchase order, all weldingperformed under these specifications shall be fully radio-graphed. The procedures and req
44、uirements shall conform toParagraph UW-51 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode, Section VIII (latest edition).12. Permissible Variations in Dimensions12.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall not exceedthe following:12.1.1 Outside Diameter60.5 % of the specified outsidediameter for the o
45、utside diameter based on circumferentialmeasurement, except that in sizes 24 in. (610 mm) and smallerthis tolerance shall be 618 in. (3.2 mm).FIG. 1 Transverse Face- and Root-Bend Test SpecimensA381 96 (2012)312.1.2 Out-of-Roundness1 %, that is, the difference be-tween the major and minor outside di
46、ameter.12.1.3 ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness shall not bemore than 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) under the specified thickness.Localized (isolated and noncontinuous) reductions in wallthickness caused by noninjurious surface defects may bepermitted up to a depth not exceeding 612 % the specified pipewall
47、thickness.13. Lengths13.1 Unless otherwise specified, pipe shall be furnished inapproximately 20-ft (6.1-m) lengths.13.2 Where longer lengths are required, circumferentiallywelded joints shall be permitted.13.3 Shorter lengths, when required, shall be specified in theorder.14. Ends14.1 Pipe ends sha
48、ll be furnished beveled as specified in theorder. The width of the end shall be116 in. (1.6 mm) with atolerance of 6132 in. (0.8 mm).14.2 The end of the pipe shall not be out of square morethan116 in. (1.6 mm).Metric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm in. mm116 1.6 11116 42.9 318 79.418 3.2 134 44.4 338 85.71
49、4 6.4 178 47.6 312 88.938 9.5 11516 49.2 334 95.212 12.7 2 50.8 378 98.434 19.0 218 54.0 414 108.01516 23.8 214 57.2 458 117.4118 28.6 2516 58.7 512 139.71516 33.3 258 66.6 634 171.4138 34.9 234 69.8 712 190.5112 38.1 3 76.2 9 228.61916 39.7Class of Steel Y35 Y42 Y46 Y48, Y50, and Y52 Y56 and Y60 Y65Thickness ofSpecimen, in.38 t38 t38 t38 t38 t38 t“A dimension 178 5t 214 6t 258 7t 38t 338 9t 334 10t“B dimension1515 (tt/2) 118 3t 1516 (7t/2) 112 4t 11116 (9t/2) 178 5t“C dimension 234 7t +18 318
