1、Designation: A 391/A 391M 01Standard Specification forGrade 80 Alloy Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 391/A 391M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grade 80 heat-treated alloysteel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies,and load binding.NOTE 1
3、This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocketwheel applications.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the o
4、ther, without combiningvalues in any way.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirementsfor2E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron3E 44 Defi
5、nitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment ofMetals4E 350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, andWrought Iron3E 415 Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectro-metric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel33. Terminology3.1 D
6、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 breaking force, minimumthe minimum force inpounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension. This test is a manufacturersattribute acceptance
7、test and shall not be used as criteria forservice.3.1.2 lotfor the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shallconsist of 3000 ft 1000 m, or fraction thereof, of the samegrade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds3000 ft 1000 m, it shall also be considered a lot.3.1.3 proof testa qua
8、lity control tensile test applied tochain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality. Itis the minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chainhas withstood at the time it left the producer, under a test inwhich a constantly increasing force has been applied in directtension to a strai
9、ght length of chain. Proof test loads are amanufacturing integrity test and shall not be used as criteria forservice or design purposes.3.1.4 working load limit (WLL)the maximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight len
10、gth ofchain.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification. Such requirements to be considered include,but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specificatio
11、n A 391 or A 391Mand year of issue,4.1.2 Nominal size of chain in in. mm,4.1.3 Quantity of chain in ft m,4.1.4 Length of each piece, if required,4.1.5 Finish, if required,4.1.6 Certification of test(s), if required, and4.1.7 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.5. Manufacturing5.1 Melt
12、ing ProcessThe alloy steel shall be made to afully-killed fine austenitic grain process.5.2 Welding ProcessAlloy steel chain may be made by theelectric welding or gas welding process.5.3 Heat TreatmentAfter welding, alloy steel chain shallbe heat treated before applying the proof test. Heat treatmen
13、tshall include quenching and tempering as defined by Defini-tions E 44.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Publi
14、shed November 2001. Originallypublished as A 39155T. Last previous edition A 39198.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.3Discontinued. See 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.4Discontinued. See 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the
15、 end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Material Requirements6.1 Heat AnalysisThe selection and amounts of the alloy-ing elements in the steel are left to the judgment of theindividual chain manufactur
16、er provided the steel meets thefollowing criteria: Carbon: 0.35 % max.; Phosphorous:0.025 % max.; Sulfur: 0.025 % max. Nickel must be present inan alloying amount (0.40 % min); and at least one of thefollowing elements must be present in an alloying amount:Chromium (0.40 % min) or Molybdenum (0.15 %
17、 min).6.2 Product AnalysisThe steel used may be analyzed bythe purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 6.1subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-cation A 29/A 29M. Test samples may be taken from rods,bars, or finished chain. Samples for analysis shall be so takena
18、s to represent the full cross section of the specimen.6.3 Test Methods E 30, E 350, or E 415 shall be used forreferee purposes.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Proof TestAll chain shall be tested to at least the proofload prescribed in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain. Whenso tested it shall with
19、stand these loads without loss of chainintegrity. Links or chain segments not withstanding the prooftest load shall be removed from the chain.7.2 Breaking ForceThe breaking force test specimen shallconsist of a length from the lot containing at least the numberof links in Table 2. All chain shall be
20、 in the quenched andtempered condition before the breaking force is measured.7.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shallbe properly designed to support securely the shoulder of thelink (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be morethan 125 % of the stock diameter being t
21、ested. Links engagedin the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the testspecimen.NOTE 2“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same orgreater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testingmachine.7.2.2 Test specimens shall meet or exceed the minimumbreaking f
22、orce values given in Table 1 for the appropriate sizechain.7.3 Elongation:7.3.1 All chain must be in the quenched and temperedcondition before the elongation is measured.7.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a lengthfrom the lot containing at least the number of links in Table 2.7.3.3
23、A positive load not exceeding 10 % of the proof testshall be applied for determining the original gage length(L0).7.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension atfracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change inlength (DL) divided by the original gage length (L0). Theelongati
24、on may be determined by the equation below or byautographic recorder or side scale.Elongation %! 5 $DL/L$0% % 3 100where:DL = test specimen final length at fracture test speci-men original gage length (L0), andL0 = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths ofthe test chain links, not counting
25、the fixture links, oras determined in 7.3.3).7.3.5 The elongation shall be a minimum of 20 %.7.4 One test for breaking strength and elongation shall bemade from each lot. The elongation and breaking force testsmay be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.8. Dimensional Requirements8.1
26、 The chain shall conform to the dimensional require-ments specified in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain.8.2 DiameterThe diameter of the material from which thechain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the materialdiameter listed in Table 1 within the following tolerance: 3 %.Oversized ma
27、terial may be used for all applications.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The chain at the time of shipment shall be free ofdiscontinuities that would prevent the chain from enduring theworking load limit forces.TABLE 1 Grade 80 Alloy Chain Mechanical and Dimensional RequirementsNominalChain
28、 SizeMaterialDiameterWorking Load Limit,maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,min to maxin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm732 5.5 0.217 5.5 2 100 970 4 200 19.0 8 400 38.0 0.69 17.6 0.281 to 0.325 7.14 to 8.25932 7.0 0.276 7.0 3 500 1 570 7 000 30.8 14 000
29、61.6 0.90 22.9 0.375 to 0.430 9.53 to 10.92516 8.0 0.315 8.0 4 500 2 000 9 000 40.3 18 000 80.6 1.04 26.4 0.410 to 0.472 10.41 to 12.0038 10.0 0.394 10.0 7 100 3 200 14 200 63.0 28 400 126.0 1.26 32.0 0.512 to 0.591 13.00 to 15.0012 13.0 0.512 13.0 12 000 5 400 24 000 107.0 48 000 214.0 1.64 41.6 0.
30、688 to 0.768 17.43 to 19.5058 16.0 0.630 16.0 18 100 8 200 36 200 161.0 72 400 322.0 2.02 51.2 0.812 to 0.945 20.63 to 24.0034 20.0 0.787 20.0 28 300 12 800 56 600 252.0 113 200 504.0 2.52 64.0 0.984 to 1.180 25.00 to 30.0078 22.0 0.866 22.0 34 200 15 500 68 400 305.0 136 800 608.0 2.77 70.4 1.080 t
31、o 1.300 27.50 to 33.001 26.0 1.024 26.0 47 700 21 600 95 400 425.0 190 800 850.0 3.28 83.2 1.280 to 1.540 32.50 to 39.00114 32.0 1.260 32.0 72 300 32 800 144 600 644.0 289 200 1288.0 4.03 102.4 1.580 to 1.890 40.00 to 48.00AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteri
32、a for service or design purposes. (See Section 3.)TABLE 2 Mechanical Test Sample Length RequirementsSize of ChainMinimum Number ofLinksin Test Specimen732 in. 5.5 mm 9Larger than732 in. 5.5 mmbut less than34 in. 20.0 mm734 in. 20.0 mm and larger 3A 391/A 391M 0129.2 The manufacturer may apply a surf
33、ace treatment orcoating of their own choice for identification or corrosionresistance unless the customer specifies otherwise.10. Retests10.1 If the original test specimen fails to conform to therequirements in 7.2.2, two additional test specimens from thesame lot may be tested, each of which shall
34、conform to therequirements in 7.2.2. If both additional tests are satisfactory,the chain will be considered acceptable.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements fordimensions and mechanical tests may be resubmitted afterbeing reworked.12. Inspection12.1 When r
35、equested on the purchase order or contract, thechain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could masksurface discontinuities at the time of inspection.12.2 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to verify that the chainproduced is being fur
36、nished in accordance with this specifica-tion. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces-sarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests and inspec-tion shall be made at the place of manufacture, unlessotherwise agreed upon.12.3 The purchaser may make the tests to govern accep-tanc
37、e or rejection of the chain at their own laboratory orelsewhere. Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to therequirements contained in this specification unless otherwisestated in the purchase order. Tests at the purchasers laboratoryor elsewhere shall be made at the expense of the purchaser.1
38、3. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of any test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a
39、 rehearing.13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of the testin 12.3, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing.14. Certification14.1 A manufacturers certification that the chain conformsto Specification A 391 or A 391M of the date of issue specifiedshall be furnished when reques
40、ted on the purchase contract ororder.14.2 When requested on the purchase contract or order, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to thepurchaser or his representative.15. Product Marking15.1 Body chain links shall not be marked with indentedcharacters.15.2 Body chain links shall
41、 be marked for identificationpurposes at intervals no greater than 3 ft 0.9 m.15.3 The embossing shall consist of at least manufacturersgrade identification.15.4 The marking for Grade 80 shall be at least 8, 80, or800.16. Keywords16.1 alloy steel chain; chain; Grade 80; steel chainSUMMARY OF CHANGES
42、Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since A 391/A 391M98 thatmay impact the use of this standard.(1) Revised Paragraphs 3.1.1, 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.(2) Revised Table 1 inside length dimensions and breaking force for78 in. size.(3) Deleted Figs. 1 and 2.(4) Del
43、eted reference to Test Methods and Definitions A 370.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent ri
44、ghts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either fo
45、r revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearin
46、g you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A 391/A 391M 013
