1、Designation: A413/A413M 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for sucha
3、pplications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, loadbinding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.NOTE 1This specification does not cover carbon steel chain forsprocket applications.1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:1.2.1 Grade 30Proof coil chain.1.2.2 Grad
4、e 43High test chain.1.2.3 Grade 70Transport chain.1.3 The Grade designation is110 of the minimum breakingstrength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or inother units shall be rega
5、rded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each system must be used independently of the other, withoutcombining values in any way.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought,
6、 General Requirements forA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and Ferroalloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, nminimum f
7、orce inpounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test is a manufacturers attributeacceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.3.1.2 lot, nfor the
8、purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shallconsist of 3000 ft 1000 m, or fraction thereof, of the samegrade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds3000 ft 1000 m, it shall also be considered a lot.3.1.3 proof test, nquality control tensile test applied tochain for the purpose of verif
9、ying weld and material quality.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIt is the minimum force in pounds ornewtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left theproducer, under a test in which a constantly increasing forcehas been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.Proof test loads are a manuf
10、acturing integrity test and shall notbe used as criteria for service or design purposes.3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), nmaximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length ofchain.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall b
11、e the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A413 or A413Mand date of issue,4.1.2 Grade of chain,4.1.3 No
12、minal size of chain (in. or mm),4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m),4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required,4.1.6 Finish, if required,4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.5. Material Requirements5.1 Heat AnalysisThe selection of the s
13、teel is left to thejudgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided thesteel meets the following criteria:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Curren
14、t edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A413/A413M 07.DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
15、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Carbon,
16、max, % 0.370Phosphorus, max, % 0.048Sulfur, max, % 0.0585.2 Product AnalysisThe steel used may be analyzed bythe purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 5.1subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-cation A29/A29M. Test samples may be taken from rods, bars,or finishe
17、d chain. Samples for analysis shall be so taken as torepresent the full cross section of the specimen.5.3 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall beused for referee purposes.6. Manufacture6.1 Welding ProcessCarbon steel chain may be made bythe forge welding, electric welding, or gas weld
18、ing process.6.2 Heat TreatmentGrades 30 and 43 do not require heattreatment, but may be heat treated at the manufacturersdiscretion. Grade 70, after welding, shall be heat treated. Heattreatment shall include quenching and tempering as describedin Terminology A941.7. Dimensional Requirements7.1 The
19、chain shall conform to the dimensional require-ments specified in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and sizechain.7.2 DiameterThe diameter of the material from which thechain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the materialdiameter listed in Tables 1-3 within the following tolerance:7 %. Ov
20、ersized material may be used for all applications.8. Finish8.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment orfinish of their own choice for identification or corrosionresistance unless the customer specifies otherwise. The surfacetreatment or finish shall not alter the chain in a manner thatwould
21、 cause the chain to not meet the other provisions of thisstandard.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Proof TestAll chain shall be tested to at least the proofload prescribed in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and sizechain. When so tested it shall withstand these loads withoutloss of chain integrity
22、. Links or chain segments that do notwithstand the proof test load shall be removed from the chain.9.2 Breaking ForceThe breaking force test specimen shallconsist of a length from the lot containing at least the numberof links in Table 4. All chain that is heat treated shall be in thequenched and te
23、mpered condition before the breaking force ismeasured.9.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shallbe properly designed to support securely the shoulder of thelink (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be morethan 125 % of the stock diameter being tested. Links engagedin
24、the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the testspecimen.NOTE 2“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same orgreater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testingmachine.9.2.2 Test specimens shall meet or exceed the minimumbreaking force values given in Ta
25、bles 1-3 for the appropriategrade and size chain.9.3 Elongation:9.3.1 All chain which is heat treated (see 6.2) must be in thequenched and tempered condition before the elongation ismeasured.9.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a lengthfrom the lot containing at least the number of li
26、nks in Table 4.9.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10 % of the proof testshall be applied for determining the original gage length(L0).9.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension atfracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change inlength ( L) divided by the original gage len
27、gth (L0). Theelongation may be determined by the equation below or byautographic recorder or side scale.Elongation %! 5 $L/L$0%3100where:L = test specimen final length at fracture test specimenoriginal gage length ( L0), andL0 = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths of thetest chain links,
28、 not counting the fixture links, or asdetermined in 9.3.3).TABLE 1 Grade 30 Proof Coil ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm18 4.0 0.156 4.0 400 180 800 3.6 1600
29、7.2 0.94 23.9 0.25 6.4316 5.5 0.217 5.5 800 365 1600 7.2 3200 14.4 0.98 24.8 0.30 7.714 7.0 0.276 7.0 1300 580 2600 11.6 5200 23.2 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.0 0.331 8.4 1900 860 3800 16.9 7600 33.8 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.394 10.0 2650 1200 5300 23.6 10 600 47.2 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.488
30、11.9 3700 1680 7400 32.9 14 800 65.8 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.512 13.0 4500 2030 9000 40.0 18 000 80.0 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 6900 3130 13 800 61.3 27 600 122.6 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 10 600 4800 21 200 94.3 42 400 188.6 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.078 22.0 0.866 22.0 12 800
31、5810 25 600 114.1 51 200 228.2 3.03 77.0 1.08 27.51 26.0 1.02 26.0 17 900 8140 35 800 159.1 71 600 318.2 3.58 90.9 1.25 31.7AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).A413/A413M 07 (2012)29.3.5 The elongation shall be
32、 a minimum of 15 %.9.4 One test for breaking strength and elongation shall bemade from each lot. The elongation and breaking force testsmay be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.10. Retests10.1 If the original test specimen fails to conform to therequirements in 9.2.2, two addition
33、al test specimens from thesame lot may be tested, each of which shall conform to therequirements of 9.2.2. If both additional tests are satisfactory,the chain will be considered acceptable.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 Materials that fail to comply to the requirements as todimensions and mechanical
34、 tests may be resubmitted afterbeing reworked.12. Inspection12.1 When requested on the purchase order or contract, thechain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could masksurface discontinuities at the time of inspection.12.2 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reason
35、able facilities necessary to verify that the material isbeing furnished in accordance with this specification. Inspec-tion by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with themanufacturers operations. All tests and inspection shall bemade at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise agreedup
36、on.12.3 The purchaser may make the tests to govern accep-tance or rejection of the material at their own laboratory orelsewhere. Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to therequirements contained in this specification unless otherwisestated in the purchase order or contract. Tests at the purch
37、aserslaboratory or elsewhere shall be made at the expense of thepurchaser.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction
38、 with the results of any test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of any testin 12.3, the manufacture may make claim for a rehearing.14. Certification and Reports14.1 A manufacturers certification that the chain conformsto Spec
39、ification A413/A413Mof the date of issue specifiedshall be furnished when requested on the purchase order orcontract.14.2 When requested on the purchase order or contract, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to thepurchaser or his representative.15. Product Marking15.1 Body cha
40、in links shall not be marked with indentedcharacters.TABLE 2 Grade 43 High Test ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm14 7.0 0.276 7.0 2600 1180 3900 17.3 7800 34.
41、6 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.7 0.343 8.7 3900 1770 5850 26.0 11 700 52.0 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.406 10.3 5400 2450 8100 36.0 16 200 72.0 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.468 11.9 7200 3270 10 800 48.0 21 600 96.0 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.531 13.5 9200 4170 13 800 61.3 27 600 122.6 1.79 45.5 0.72
42、 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 13 000 5910 19 500 86.5 39 000 173.0 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 20 200 9180 30 300 134.7 60 600 269.4 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.078 22.0 0.866 22.0 24 500 11 140 36 750 163.3 73 500 326.6 3.03 77.0 1.08 27.5AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used
43、 as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).TABLE 3 Grade 70 Transport ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm14 7.0 0.281 7.0 3150 1430 6300 28.0 1
44、2 600 56.0 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.7 0.343 8.7 4700 2130 9400 41.8 18 800 83.6 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.406 10.3 6600 2990 13 200 58.7 26 400 117.4 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.468 11.9 8750 3970 17 500 77.7 35 000 155.4 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.531 13.5 11 300 5130 22 600 100.4 45 200 200.
45、8 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 15 800 7170 31 600 140.4 63 200 280.8 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 24 700 11 200 49 400 219.6 98 800 439.2 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.0AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4)
46、.TABLE 4 Mechanical Test Sample Length RequirementsSize of Chain Minimum Number of Links inTest Specimen732 in. 5.5 mm 9Larger than732 in. 5.5 mm but less than34 in.20.0 mm734 in. 20.0 mm and larger 3A413/A413M 07 (2012)315.2 The516 in. 8.7 mm and38 in. 10 mm Grade 43 and70 chain shall be embossed a
47、t intervals no greater than 1 ft 0.3m. All other Grade 43 and 70 chains shall be embossed atintervals no greater than 3 ft 0.9 m.15.3 Grade 30 chain, sized516 in. (8.4 mm) and larger, shallbe marked with the manufacturers mark or symbol and shallinclude 3, 30, or 300.15.4 Grade 43 chain shall be mar
48、ked with the manufactur-ers mark or symbol and shall include 4, 43, or 430.15.5 Grade 70 chain shall be marked with the manufactur-ers mark or symbol and shall include 7, 70, or 700.16. Keywords16.1 chain; steel chainSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to
49、this standard since the last issue(A413/A413M 01) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2007.)(1) Added 1.3.(2) Revised Section 2.(3) Added new referenced standards to 5.3 and 6.2.(4) Revised Section 8.(5) Revised 15.3-15.5.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such paten
