1、Designation: A426/A426M 10Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A426/A426M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers centrifugally cast alloy steelpipe intended for use in high-temperature,
3、 high-pressure ser-vice.1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels are covered. Theircompositions are given in Table 1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S12 areprovided. The supplementary requirements provide for addi-tional tests of an optional nature and when desired shall be sostated in the or
4、der (Section 4).1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-
5、conformancewith the standard.1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
6、and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic ExaminationThere
7、ofA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE186 Reference Radiographs
8、 for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Ste
9、el Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ANSI Standard:4B46.1 Surface Texture2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:5Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe
10、 following, as required, to describe the desired materialadequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),3.1.3 Specification number,3.1.4 Grade (Table 1),3.1.5 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wallthickness),3.1.6 Lengt
11、h (specific or random) (Section on PermissibleVariations in Length of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.7 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.8 Optional Requirements S1 through S12 and Section14.1,3.1.9 Test report required (Section on Certified Test Reportof Specification A999/
12、A999M),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition
13、approved in 2008 as A426/A426M - 08.DOI: 10.1520/A0426_A0426M-10.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-426 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
14、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engine
15、ers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.10 Service
16、 temperature if over 1000F 540C (Note 1),and3.1.11 Special requirements or additions to specification.4. General Requirements for Delivery4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A999/A999M unless otherwise p
17、rovided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Heat-TreatmentThe pipe shall be furnished in thenormalized and tempered or liquid-quenched and temperedcondition (Note 1). The temperature for tempering shall not beless than 1250F 675C except for Grades CP1, CP2, CP11,CP12, and CP15 for which the tempe
18、rature for tempering shallnot be less than 1100F 595C. Grade CP91 shall benormalized at 1900 1975 F (1040 1080 C) and temperedat 1350 1470 F (730 800 C).5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after the pipe hasbeen allowed to cool below the transformation range. Defini-tion of heat-treatment terms
19、shall be as given in TerminologyA941.NOTE 1Except for Grade CP91, it is recommended that the tempera-ture for tempering should be at least 100F 55C above the intendedservice temperature. The purchaser shall advise the manufacturer of theservice temperature when it is over 1000F 540C.5.2 MachiningThe
20、 pipe shall be machined on the innerand outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than 250 in. 6.35 m arithmetical average deviation (AA) from themean line unless otherwise specified as in ANSI B46.1.6. Chemical Analysis6.1 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat shall be madeby the manufacturer
21、to determine the percentages of elementsspecified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a testsample taken preferable during the pouring of the heat. Thechemical composition thus determined shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1 (Note 2).NOTE 2The role of alloying elements in the
22、development of GradeCP91 has been extensively investigated. V and Nb contribute to precipi-tation strengthening by forming fine and coherent precipitation ofM(C,N)X carbo-nitrides in the ferrite matrix. V also precipitates as VNduring tempering or during creep. Therefore, the addition of strong nitr
23、ideforming elements, those with a stronger affinity for nitrogen than Nb andV, as deoxidation agents, interferes with these high-temperature strength-ening mechanisms.66.2 Product AnalysisAproduct analysis may be made bythe purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as tobe representati
24、ve of the pipe being analyzed. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall conform to the requirementsof Table 1.7. Tensile and Hardness Requirements7.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the tensileand hardness requirements specified in Table 2.6Viswanathan, R. and Bakker, W. T., Materi
25、als for Ultra Supercritical FossilPower Plants, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2000, TR-114750.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, %GradeUNSNumberCarbon ManganesePhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Chromium Molybdenum OtherCP1 J12521 0.25max0.30-0.80 0.040 0.045 0.10-0.50 . . . 0.44-0.65 . . .CP2 J11547 0
26、.100.20 0.30-0.61 0.040 0.045 0.10-0.50 0.50-0.81 0.44-0.65 . . .CP5 J42045 0.20max0.30-0.70 0.040 0.045 0.75max4.00-6.50 0.45-0.65 . . .CP5b J51545 0.15max0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 1.00-2.00 4.00-6.00 0.45-0.65 . . .CP9 J82090 0.20max0.30-0.65 0.040 0.045 0.25-1.00 8.00-10.00 0.90-1.20 . . .CP91 J84090
27、 0.080.12 0.300.60 0.030 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 nickel, 0.40 max.;columbium, 0.0600.10;nitrogen, 0.0300.070;vanadium, 0.180.25;aluminum, 0.02 max.;titanium, 0.01 max;zirconium, 0.01 max.CP11 J12072 0.050.20 0.30-0.80 0.040 0.045 0.60max1.00-1.50 0.44-0.65 . . .CP12 J11562 0.050.15 0.30-0.61
28、0.040 0.045 0.50max0.80-1.25 0.44-0.65 . . .CP15 J11522 0.15max0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 1.15-1.65 . . . 0.44-0.65 . . .CP21 J31545 0.050.15 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 0.50max2.65-3.35 0.80-1.06 . . .CP22 J21890 0.050.15 0.30-0.70 0.040 0.045 0.60max2.00-2.75 0.90-1.20 . . .CPCA15 J91150 0.15max1.00max0.040
29、0.040 1.50max11.5-14.0 0.50max.AWhere ellipses appear in this table there is no requirement.A426/A426M 1028. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 ThicknessThe wall thickness shall not vary over thatspecified by more than18 in. 3 mm. There shall be novariation under the specified wall thickness.9.
30、 Number of Tests9.1 One tension and one hardness test shall be made fromeach heat.9.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or if flaws arerevealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.10. Retests10.1 If the results of the mechanical
31、tests for any heat do notconform to the requirements specified, the castings may bereheat-treated and retested, but may not be re-austenitizedmore than twice.11. Test Specimens11.1 Test coupons from which tension test specimens areprepared shall be removed from heat-treated casting prolonga-tions.11
32、.2 When agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser, test coupons from which test specimens are pre-pared shall be cast attached to separate blocks from the sameheat as the casting represented. The test blocks shall be heattreated in the same manner as the casting represented.11.3 Tension
33、test specimens shall be machined to the formand dimensions of the standard round 2-in. 50-mm gagelength specimens shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods andDefinitions A370.12. Hydrostatic Test12.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested inaccordance with Specification A999/A999M.12.2 When agre
34、ed to between the manufacturer and thepurchaser and so stated in the order, the hydrostatic test may bedeferred and shall be performed later by the purchaser. Pipefurnished without the hydrostatic test shall include with themandatory marking the letters “NH.” The manufacturer isresponsible for the s
35、atisfactory performance of the castingwhen it is tested.12.3 When certification is required by the purchaser and thehydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification shall clearlystate “not hydrostatically tested.” The specification number andmaterial grade shown on the certification shall be fol
36、lowed bythe letters “NH.”13. Visual Inspection13.1 The surface of the casting shall be free from cracks andhot tears as determined by visual examination. Other surfaceimperfections shall be judged in accordance with visual accep-tance criteria which may be specified in the order.14. Rework and Retre
37、atment14.1 Defects as defined in Section 14 shall be removed andtheir removal verified by visual inspection of the resultantcavities. Defects that are located by inspecting with supple-mentary requirements S6, S7, S8, or S9 shall be removed orreduced to an acceptable size.14.2 If removal of the defe
38、ct does not infringe upon theminimum wall thickness, the depression may be blendeduniformly into the surrounding surface.14.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal infringesupon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permittedsubject to the purchasers approval. The composition of theweld r
39、od used shall be suitable for the composition of the metalbeing welded.14.3.1 Only welders and procedures qualified in accordancewith ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, shallbe used. All repair welds will be inspected to the same qualitystandards used to inspect the casting.14.4 Local
40、 or full heat treatment in accordance with tem-pering temperatures specified in 5.1 shall follow welding.15. Rejection15.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturermay be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does not meet therequirements of the specification based on the inspection andtest
41、 method as outlined in the specification, the pipe may berejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition ofrejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between themanufacturer and the purchaser.16. Product Marking16.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with themanufacturers nam
42、e or brand, the specification number andgrade. In addition, heat numbers or serial numbers that aretraceable to heat numbers shall be marked on each length ofpipe.17. Keywords17.1 alloy steel; centrifugal; ferritic; high-temperature ser-vice; pipe; stainless steel; steel castingsTABLE 2 Tensile Prop
43、erties and Hardness RequirementsTensile strength, min, psi MPa:Grade CP1 65 000 450Grades CP11, CP22 70 000 485Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 90 000 620Grade CP91 85 000 585 to 110 000 760All other grades 60 000 415Yield strength, min, psi MPa:Grade CP1 35 000 240Grades CP11, CP22 40 000 275Grades CP5, CP9
44、 60 000 415Grade CPCA15 65 000 450Grade CP91 60 000 415All other grades 30 000 205Elongation, min, %:AGrade CP1 24Grades CP11, CP22 20Grades CP5, CP9, CP91, CPCA15 18All other grades 22Reduction of area, min, %:Grades CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, CP15,CP21, CP22, CP5, CP5b, CP7, CP935Grade CPCA15 30Grade C
45、P91 45Hardness, max, HBW:Grades CP5, CP5b, CP9, CP91, CPCA15 225All other grades 201AElongation in 2 in. 50 mm using a standard round specimen, in either thetransverse or longitudinal direction.A426/A426M 103SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSSupplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by
46、 the purchaser. Details of thesupplementary requirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. Thespecified tests shall be performed by the manufacturer prior to shipment of the castings.S1. Additional Tension TestsS1.1 Additional tension tests shall be made at a temperatureto
47、 be specified by the customer, and the properties to be met area matter of agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.S2. Flattening TestS2.1 The flattening test shall be made on specimens fromone or both ends of each length of pipe. If the specimen fromany end of any length fails to conform t
48、o the requirements ofSpecification A999/A999M, that length shall be rejected.S3. PhotomicrographsS3.1 The manufacturer shall furnish one photomicrographat 100 diameters from one specimen of as-finished pipe fromeach heat in each heat-treatment lot. Such photomicrographsshall be suitable identified a
49、s to pipe size, wall thickness, andheat. Such photomicrographs are for information only, to showthe actual metal structure of the pipe as furnished. No photo-micrographs for the individual pieces purchased shall berequired except as specified in Section S4.S4. Photomicrographs for Individual PiecesS4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish photomicrographs fromone or both ends of each pipe. All photomicrographs requiredshall be properly identified as to heat number, size, and wallthickness of p
