1、Designation: A 449 07aStandard Specification forHex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sc
3、ope*1.1 This specification2covers quenched and tempered steelhex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensilestrength of 120 ksi for diameters 1.0 in. and smaller; 105 ksi fordiameters over 1.0 in. to 112 in.; and 90 ksi for diameters 134in. to 3.0 in. inclusive. The term 9fasteners9 in thi
4、s specificationdenotes hex cap screws, bolts, and studs.1.2 The fasteners are intended for general engineering use.1.3 The fasteners are furnished in diameters14 to 3.0 in.inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemicalcomposition as follows:Type DescriptionType I Plain carbon steel, carbon
5、 boron steel, alloysteel, or alloy boron steelType 2 Withdrawn 2003Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined in this specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values giv
6、en in parentheses are providedfor information purposes only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-b
7、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 563 Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel NutsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and
8、SteelD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuitie
9、s ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF 1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN
10、/UNR)F 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded FastenersG 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1
11、8.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B 18 Fastener Products3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for fasteners under this specification shall in-clude the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces),3.1.2 Size, including nominal diameter an
12、d length,3.1.3 Name of product,3.1.4 Type, that is, Type 1, or Type 3 as required,3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue, and3.1.6 Other components such as nuts and washers if re-quired.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility
13、 of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 449 07a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cations SA-449 in S
14、ection II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Me
15、chanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 Hot-Dip or Me
16、chanically Deposited Zinc CoatingsFor hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coatings covered by5.1 and requiring over-tapped nuts, specify the zinc coatingprocess required, that is, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or nopreference (see 5.1).3.1.8 Other CoatingsSpecify other protective coating ifreq
17、uired (see 5.2).3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-quired.3.1.10 Test reports if required.3.1.11 Supplementary or special requirements.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B 18.24.NOTE 1A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces18 in.diameter
18、 3 4.0 in. long hex cap screw, Type 1, ASTM A 449XX, eachwith one finished hex nut ASTM A 563, Grade DH. Each componentmechanically zinc coated in accordance with B 695, Class 5, Type II.3.2 Suitable Nuts and Washers:3.2.1 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A 563.Unless otherwise specified,
19、the grade and style of nut shall beas follows:Fastener Size and Surface Finish Nut Grade and StyleA14 to 112 in., plain (or with a coating of insufficientthickness to require over-tapped nuts)B, hexOver 112 to 3 in., plain (or with a coating of insuffi-cient thickness to require over-tapped nuts)A,
20、heavy hex14 to 3 in., zinc-coated (or with a coating thicknessrequiring over-tapped nuts)DH, heavy hex14 to 3 in., Type 3 C3, DH3, heavy hexANuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci-fication A 563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut aresuita
21、ble.3.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, washers ordered withfasteners shall be furnished to the requirements of SpecificationF 436, Type 1 or Specification F 436, Type 3. Washers forA 449 Type 3 fasteners shall conform to Specification F 436Type 3.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat Treatment:4.1.1 T
22、ype 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steelshall be quenched in a liquid medium from the austenitizingtemperature.4.1.2 Type 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steelto which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or boron wereintentionally added, and Type 3 fasteners, shall be quenched inoil from
23、the austenitizing temperature.4.1.3 Type 1 and Type 3 fasteners, regardless of the steelused, shall be tempered by reheating to not less than 800F.4.2 ThreadingThreads shall be rolled, cut, or ground.4.3 Secondary ProcessingIf any processing which canaffect the mechanical properties of the fasteners
24、 is performedafter the initial testing, the fasteners shall be retested for allspecified mechanical properties affected by the reprocessing.5. Protective Coatings5.1 Zinc, Hot Dip, and Mechanically Deposited RequiringOver-tapped Nuts:5.1.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-chaser shal
25、l specify the zinc-coating process, such as, hot-dip,mechanically deposited, or no preference.5.1.2 When hot dip is specified, the fasteners shall be zinccoated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the require-ments of Specification F 2329.5.1.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fas
26、ten-ers shall be zinc coated by the mechanical deposition processin accordance with the requirements of Class 50 of Specifica-tion B 695.5.1.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F 2329, or a mechanically deposited zi
27、nc coatingin accordance with Specification B 695, Class 50. Threadedcomponents (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same zinccoating process, and the suppliers option shall be limited toone process per item with no mixed processes in a lot.NOTE 2When the intended application requires that assembl
28、ed ten-sion exceeds 50 % of minimum bolt or stud proof load, an anti-gallinglubricant may be needed. Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a testof the lubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary Requirement S1of Specification A 563 and should be specified when required.5.2 Other Coatin
29、gs:5.2.1 When other coatings are required, the purchaser shallspecify the coating specification, including the classificationcodes or grade numbers to identify the coating material,thickness, supplemental treatments, or other requirements todefine the coating. The fasteners shall be coated in accord
30、ancewith and conform to the specified coating specification.5.2.2 When a specification does not apply, the purchasershall specify the desired coating, coating thickness, supplemen-tal treatments, or other requirements to define the coating.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Type 1 fasteners shall be plain c
31、arbon steel, carbonboron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steels, at the manufac-turers option, conforming to the requirements in Table 1.6.2 Type 3 fasteners shall be weathering steel and shallconform to one of the chemical compositions specified in Table2. The selection of the chemical compositi
32、on, A, B, C, D, E orF, shall be a the option of the manufacuturer. See Guide G 101for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistanceof low alloy steel.6.3 Product analyses made on finished fasteners represent-ing each lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Tab
33、le 1 or Table 2, as applicable.6.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, orlead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted forbolts. Compliance shall be based on certification that heats ofsteel having any of the listed elements intentionally added werenot used to produce th
34、e bolts.6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 HardnessThe fasteners shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3. See Table 3, Note A.7.2 Tensile Properties:A 449 07a27.2.1 Except as permitted in 7.2
35、.2 for long fasteners and7.2.3 for short fasteners, hex cap screws and hex and squarehead bolts in sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length of 214D and longer and sizes 118 to 112 in. inclusive having a lengthof 3D and longer shall be wedge tested full size. Bolts withheads other than hex or squar
36、e shall be axially tested. Bothwedge and axially tested hex cap screws and bolts shallconform to the proof load or alternative proof load, andminimum wedge tensile load in Tables 4 and 5, as applicable.The load applied during proof load testing shall be equal to orgreater than the proof load in Tabl
37、e 4 or Table 5 as applicable.7.2.2 Hex cap screws and square head bolts larger than 112in. diameter, other than those excepted in 7.2.3, shall preferablybe tested full size and when so tested shall conform to thetensile strength and either the specified proof load or yieldstrength requirements in Ta
38、bles 4 and 5, as applicable. Whenequipment of sufficient capacity for full size testing is notavailable, or when the length of the bolt makes full size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements of Table 6.7.2.3 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a len
39、gth shorter than214 D down to 2D inclusive, which cannot be wedge tensiletested shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conformto the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proofload specified in Tables 4 and 5. Sizes 1.00 in. and smallerhaving a length shorter than 2D which ca
40、nnot be axially tensiletested shall be qualified on the basis of hardness.7.2.4 Studs 3D and longer shall be axially tension tested fullsize and shall conform to the tensile and proof load or alternateproof load specified in Table 4 and Table 5, as applicable.When equipment for full size testing is
41、not available, or whenthe studs are too long for full size testing, machined specimensshall be tested and shall conform to the tensile requirements inTable 6.7.2.5 If fasteners are subjected to both hardness and tensiletests, the tensile test results shall take precedence in the eventof low hardness
42、 test results.7.2.6 If fasteners are subjected to both full size and ma-chined specimen tests, the full size test results shall takeprecedence if the results of the two methods differ.8. Dimensions8.1 Head and Body:8.1.1 Hex Cap ScrewsUnless otherwise specified, hex capscrews shall be furnished with
43、 dimensions conforming toASME B 18.2.1.8.1.2 BoltsWhen styles other than specified in 8.1.1 arerequired, they shall have dimensions conforming to thosespecified by the purchaser.8.1.3 StudsStuds shall have dimensions conforming tothose specified by the purchaser.8.2 Threads:8.2.1 UncoatedUnless othe
44、rwise specified, uncoatedthreads shall be the Unified Coarse Thread Series as specifiedin the latest issue of ASME B 1.1, and shall have Class 2Atolerances.8.2.2 CoatedUnless otherwise specified, zinc-coatedbolts, to be used with zinc-coated nuts or tapped holes, whichare tapped oversize in accordan
45、ce with Specification A 563,shall have UNC Class 2A threads before hot-dip or mechani-cally deposited zinc-coating. After zinc coating, the pitchdiameter and major diameter shall not exceed the Class 2Alimits by more than the following amounts:Nominal Diameter, in.Oversize Limit, in.AHot-Dip Zinc Me
46、chanical Zinc14 0.016 0.012516 ,38 0.017 0.012716 ,12 0.018 0.012916 ,58 ,34 0.020 0.01378 0.022 0.0151.0to114 0.024 0.016138 ,112 0.027 0.018134 to 3.0, incl 0.050 0.033AHot-dip zinc nuts are tapped oversize after coating and mechanical zinccoated nuts are tapped oversize before coating.8.2.3 Unles
47、s otherwise specified, fasteners electroplated ormechanically coated to 0.0005 in. or less, threads prior toplating shall conform to ASME B 1.1 Class 2A and afterTABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 FastenersElementCarbon SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min
48、0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058Silicon 0.0150.30 0.130.32ElementCarbon SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058Silicon 0.100.30 0.080.32Boron 0.00050.003 0.00050.003ElementCarbon
49、SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Silicon 0.150.35 0.130.37Alloying ElementsAAElementCarbon SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Silicon 0.150.35 0.130.37Boron 0.00050.003 0.00050.003Alloying ElementsAAASteel, as defined by theAmerican Iron and Steel Institute, shall be consideredto be alloy when the maximum of the range given for
