1、Designation: A 450/A 450M 04aStandard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, andAustenitic Alloy Steel Tubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 450/A 450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This
3、specification2covers a group of requirementswhich, with the exceptions of 5.3 and Sections 6, 7, 18, 19, 20,21, 22, 23, and 24, are mandatory requirements to the follow-ing ASTM tubular product specifications:3Title of Specification ASTM DesignationAElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon
4、Manganese Steel Boiler TubesA 178/A 178MSeamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA 179/A 179MSeamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-PressureServiceA 192/A 192MSeamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Super-heater TubesA 210/A 210MElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon St
5、eel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA 214/A 214MSeamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes A 423/A 423MElectric-Resistance-Welded Coiled Steel Tubing forGas and Fuel Oil LinesA 539Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater HeaterTubesA 556/A 556MSeamless, Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for
6、 Hy-draulic System ServiceA 822AThese designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications.1.2 One or more of Sections 5.3, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21.1,23, and 24 apply when the product specification or purchaseorder has a requirement for the test or analysis described bythese sect
7、ions.1.3 In case of conflict between a requirement of the productspecification and a requirement of this general requirementspecification only the requirement of the product specificationneed be satisfied.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as st
8、andard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. The inch-pound units shall
9、apply unless the “M”designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in theorder.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4A 178/A 178M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boilerand Superheater TubesA 179/A 179M Specification for Seamless C
10、old-DrawnLow-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA 192/A 192M Specification for Seamless Carbon SteelBoiler Tubes for High-Pressure ServiceA 210/A 210M Specification for Seamless Medium-CarbonSteel Boiler and Superheater TubesA 214/A 214M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbo
11、n Steel Heat-Exchanger and CondenserTubesA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 423/A 423M Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel TubesA 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA 539 Spec
12、ification for Electric-Resistance-Welded CoiledSteel Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines5A 556/A 556M Specification for Seamless Cold-DrawnCarbon Steel Feedwater Heater TubesA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practices
13、, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 822 Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubul
14、ar Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 450/A 450M 04.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-450 in Section II of that Code.3Annual Book of ASTM St
15、andards, Vols 01.01 and 01.04.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Chang
16、es section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Tubing for Hydraulic System ServiceA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysD 3951 Practice fo
17、r Commercial PackagingE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipeand TubingE 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the WeldZone of Welded Pipe and TubingE 309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu-bular Products
18、Using Magnetic SaturationE 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-itic Stainless Steel, and Similar AlloysE 570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag-netic Steel Tubular Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 183 C
19、ontinuous Identification Marking of Ironand Steel Products62.3 Military Standards:MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements forMetals6MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements forSpecial Purpose Equipment62.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:Section IX Welding Qualifications72.5 Stee
20、l Structures Painting Council:SSPC-SP 6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Com-mercial Blast Cleaning82.6 Other Document:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for NondestructivePersonnel Qualification and Certification.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 remelted hea
21、tin secondary melting, all of the ingotsremelted from a single primary heat.3.1.2 thin-wall tubea tube meeting the specified outsidediameter and specified wall thickness set forth as follows:Specified OutsideDiameterSpecified Wall Thickness2 in. 50.8 mm or less 2 % or less of specified outside diame
22、terGreater than 2 in. 50.8mm3 % or less of specified outside diameterAny 0.020 in. 0.5 mm or less3.2 Other defined termsThe definitions in Test Methodsand Definitions A 370, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-ogy A 751, and Terminology A 941 are applicable to thisspecification and to those listed
23、 in 1.1.4. Process4.1 The steel may be made by any process.4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be as stated on the purchase order.4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag r
24、emelting or vacuum-arc remelting.4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positi
25、vely separates the grades.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Samples for chemical analysis, and method of analysisshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751.5.2 Heat AnalysisIf the heat analysis reported by the steelproducer is not sufficiently complete for conformance with th
26、eheat analysis requirements of the applicable product specifica-tion to be fully assessed, the manufacturer may complete theassessment of conformance with such heat analysis require-ments by using a product analysis for the specified elementsthat were not reported by the steel producer, provided tha
27、tproduct analysis tolerances are not applied and the heatanalysis is not altered.5.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis requirements andoptions, if any, are contained in the product specification.6. Tensile Properties6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as totensile properties prescribed
28、 in the individual specification.6.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offsetof 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total extension of 0.5 % ofthe gage length under load shall be determined.6.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen isless than that specified and any part of
29、 the fracture is more than34 in. 19.0 mm from the center of the gage length, asindicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, aretest shall be allowed.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.7Available
30、from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.8Available from Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6thFloor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656.A 450/A 450M 04a27. Standard Weights7.1 The calculated weight per
31、foot, based upon a specifiedminimum wall thickness, shall be determined by the followingequation:W 5 CD 2 t!t (1)where:C = 10.69 0.0246615,W = weight, lb/ft kg/m,D = specified outside diameter, in. mm, andt = specified minimum wall thickness, in. mm7.2 The permissible variations from the calculated
32、weightper foot kilogram per metre shall be as prescribed in Table 1.8. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness8.1 Variations from the specified minimum wall thicknessshall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 2.8.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and over in outside diameterand 0.220 in. 5.6 mm and o
33、ver in thickness, the variation inwall thickness in any one cross section of any one tube shallnot exceed the following percentage of the actual mean wall atthe section. The actual mean wall is defined as the average ofthe thickest and thinnest wall in that section.Seamless tubes 610 %Welded tubes 6
34、5%8.3 When cold-finished tubes as ordered require wall thick-nesses34 in. 19.1 mm or over, or an inside diameter 60 % orless of the outside diameter, the permissible variations in wallthickness for hot-finished tubes shall apply.9. Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter9.1 Except as provided in
35、9.2 and 9.3, variations from thespecified outside diameter shall not exceed the amounts pre-scribed in Table 3.9.2 Thin-wall tubes usually develop significant ovality (outof roundness) during final annealing, or straightening, or both.The diameter tolerances of Table 3 are not sufficient to providef
36、or additional ovality expected in thin-wall tubes, and, for suchtubes, are applicable only to the mean of the extreme (maxi-mum and minimum) outside diameter readings in any one crosssection. However, for thin wall tubes the difference in extremeoutside diameter readings (ovality) in any one cross s
37、ectionshall not exceed the following ovality allowances:Outside Diameter Ovality Allowance1 in. 25.4 mm and under 0.020 in. 0.5 mmOver 1 in. 25.4 mm 2.0 % of specified outside diameter9.3 For cold-finished seamless austenitic and ferritic/austenitic tubes an ovality allowance is necessary for all si
38、zesless than 2 in. 50.8 mm outside diameter since they are likelyto become out of round during their final heat treatment. Insuch tubes, the maximum and minimum diameters at any crosssection shall deviate from the nominal diameter by no morethan 60.010 in. 60.25 mm; however, the mean diameter atthat
39、 cross section must still be within the given permissiblevariation given in Table 3. In the event of conflict between theprovisions of 9.3 and those of 9.2, the larger value of ovalitytolerance shall apply.10. Permissible Variations in Length10.1 Variations from the specified length shall not exceed
40、the amounts prescribed in Table 4.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Weight Per FootAMethod of ManufacturePermissible Variation in Weightper Foot, %Over UnderSeamless, hot-finishedSeamless, cold-finished:16 0112 in. 38.1 mm and under OD 12 0Over 112 in. 38.1 mm OD 13 0Welded 10 0AThese permissible va
41、riations in weight apply to lots of 50 tubes or more insizes 4 in. 101.6 mm and under in outside diameter, and to lots of 20 tubes ormore in sizes over 4 in. 101.6 mm in outside diameter.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Wall ThicknessAOutsideDiameter,in. mmWall Thickness, %0.0952.4andUnderOver0.095
42、to 0.1502.4 to3.8, inclOver 0.150to 0.1803.8 to4.6, inclOver0.180,4.6Over Under Over Under Over Under Over UnderSeamless, Hot-Finished Tubes4 101.6 and 40 0 35 0 33 0 28 0underOver 4 . . 35 0 33 0 28 0101.6Seamless, Cold-Finished TubesOver Under112 38.1 and 20 0underOver 112 38.1 22 0Welded TubesAll
43、 sizes 18 0AThese permissible variations in wall thickness apply only to tubes, exceptinternal-upset tubes, as rolled or cold-finished, and before swaging, expanding,bending, polishing, or other fabricating operations.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside DiameterAOutside Diameter,in. mmPermissi
44、ble Variations, in. mmOver UnderHot-Finished Seamless Tubes4 101.6 and under164 0.4132 0.8Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl164 0.4364 1.2Over 712 to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl164 0.4116 1.6Welded Tubes and Cold-Finished Seamless TubesUnder 1 25.4 0.004 0.1 0.004 0.11to112 25.4 to 38.1, incl 0.006 0.15
45、0.006 0.15Over 112 to 2 38.1 to 50.8, excl 0.008 0.2 0.008 0.22to212 50.8 to 63.5, excl 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25212 to 3 63.5 to 76.2, excl 0.012 0.3 0.012 0.33 to 4 76.2 to 101.6, incl 0.015 0.38 0.015 0.38Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl 0.015 0.38 0.025 0.64Over 712 to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl 0.015
46、 0.38 0.045 1.14AExcept as provided in 9.2 and 9.3, these permissible variations includeout-of-roundness. These permissible variations in outside diameter apply tohot-finished seamless, welded and cold-finished seamless tubes before otherfabricating operations such as upsetting, swaging, expanding,
47、bending, or polish-ing.A 450/A 450M 04a311. Permissible Variations in Height of Flash on Electric-Resistance-Welded Tubes11.1 For tubes over 2 in. 50.8 mm in outside diameter, orover 0.135 in. 3.44 mm in wall thickness, the flash on theinside of the tubes shall be mechanically removed by cutting toa
48、 maximum height of 0.010 in. 0.25 mm at any point on thetube.11.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and under in outsidediameter and 0.135 in. 3.4 mm and under in wall thickness,the flash on the inside of the tube shall be mechanicallyremoved by cutting to a maximum height of 0.006 in. 0.15mm at any point on
49、the tube.12. Straightness and Finish12.1 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and havesmooth ends free of burrs. They shall have a workmanlikefinish. Surface imperfections (see Note 1) may be removed bygrinding, provided that a smooth curved surface is maintained,and the wall thickness is not decreased to less than thatpermitted by this or the product specification. The outsidediameter at the point of grinding
