1、Designation: A 450/A 450M 07Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy SteelTubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 450/A 450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a gr
3、oup of requirementswhich, with the exceptions of 5.3 and Sections 6, 7, 18, 19, 20,21, 22, 23, and 24, are mandatory requirements to the follow-ing ASTM tubular product specifications:3Title of Specification ASTM DesignationAElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and CarbonManganese Steel Boiler Tu
4、besA 178/A 178MSeamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA 179/A 179MSeamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-PressureServiceA 192/A 192MSeamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Super-heater TubesA 210/A 210MElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Co
5、ndenser TubesA 214/A 214MSeamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes A 423/A 423MSeamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater HeaterTubesA 556/A 556MSeamless, Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hy-draulic System ServiceA 822/A 822MAThese designations refer to the latest issue of the respective
6、specifications.1.2 One or more of Sections 5.3, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21.1,23, and 24 apply when the product specification or purchaseorder has a requirement for the test or analysis described bythese sections.1.3 In case of conflict between a requirement of the productspecification and a requiremen
7、t of this general requirementspecification only the requirement of the product specificationneed be satisfied.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are
8、 not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in theorder.2. R
9、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4A 178/A 178M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boilerand Superheater TubesA 179/A 179M Specification for Seamless Cold-DrawnLow-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA 192/A 192M Specification for Seam
10、less Carbon SteelBoiler Tubes for High-Pressure ServiceA 210/A 210M Specification for Seamless Medium-CarbonSteel Boiler and Superheater TubesA 214/A 214M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and CondenserTubesA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test
11、ingof Steel ProductsA 423/A 423M Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel TubesA 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA 556/A 556M Specification for Seamless Cold-DrawnCarbon Steel Feedwater Heater TubesA 700 Practices for
12、Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 822/A 822M Specification for Seamless Cold-DrawnCarbon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System ServiceA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless
13、Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rials1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA0
14、1.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 450/A 450M 04a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-450 in Section II of that
15、Code.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 01.01 and 01.04.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A
16、 Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipeand TubingE 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the WeldZone
17、 of Welded Pipe and TubingE 309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu-bular Products Using Magnetic SaturationE 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-itic Stainless Steel and Similar AlloysE 570 Practice for Flux Leak
18、age Examination of Ferromag-netic Steel Tubular Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Ironand Steel Products52.3 Military Standards:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage5MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements forM
19、etals5MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements forSpecial Purpose Equipment52.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:Section IX Welding Qualifications62.5 Steel Structures Painting Council:SSPC-SP 6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Com-mercial Blast Cleaning72.6 Other Document:SNT-TC-1
20、A Recommended Practice for NondestructivePersonnel Qualification and Certification.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 remelted heatin secondary melting, all of the ingotsremelted from a single primary heat.3.1.2 thin-wall tubea tube meeting the specified outsidedi
21、ameter and specified wall thickness set forth as follows:Specified OutsideDiameterSpecified Wall Thickness2 in. 50.8 mm or less 2 % or less of specified outside diameterGreater than 2 in. 50.8mm3 % or less of specified outside diameterAny 0.020 in. 0.5 mm or less3.2 Other defined termsThe definition
22、s in Test Methodsand Definitions A 370, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-ogy A 751, and Terminology A 941 are applicable to thisspecification and to those listed in 1.1.4. Process4.1 The steel may be made by any process.4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be
23、as stated on the purchase order.4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting.4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially
24、strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Samples for chemical analysis, and method of analysisshall be in accordance with
25、Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751.5.2 Heat AnalysisIf the heat analysis reported by the steelproducer is not sufficiently complete for conformance with theheat analysis requirements of the applicable product specifica-tion to be fully assessed, the manufacturer may complete theassessment
26、 of conformance with such heat analysis require-ments by using a product analysis for the specified elementsthat were not reported by the steel producer, provided thatproduct analysis tolerances are not applied and the heatanalysis is not altered.5.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis requirements and
27、options, if any, are contained in the product specification.6. Tensile Properties6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as totensile properties prescribed in the individual specification.6.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offsetof 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total e
28、xtension of 0.5 % ofthe gage length under load shall be determined.6.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen isless than that specified and any part of the fracture is more than34 in. 19.0 mm from the center of the gage length, asindicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testin
29、g, aretest shall be allowed.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/
30、www.asme.org.7Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.A 450/A 450M 0727. Standard Weights7.1 The calculated weight per foot, based upon a specifiedminimum wall thickness, shall be determined by the followingequation:
31、W 5 CD 2 t!t (1)where:C = 10.69 0.0246615,W = weight, lb/ft kg/m,D = specified outside diameter, in. mm, andt = specified minimum wall thickness, in. mm7.2 The permissible variations from the calculated weightper foot kilogram per metre shall be as prescribed in Table 1.8. Permissible Variations in
32、Wall Thickness8.1 Variations from the specified minimum wall thicknessshall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 2.8.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and over in outside diameterand 0.220 in. 5.6 mm and over in thickness, the variation inwall thickness in any one cross section of any one tube shallno
33、t exceed the following percentage of the actual mean wall atthe section. The actual mean wall is defined as the average ofthe thickest and thinnest wall in that section.Seamless tubes 610 %Welded tubes 65%8.3 When cold-finished tubes as ordered require wall thick-nesses34 in. 19.1 mm or over, or an
34、inside diameter 60 % orless of the outside diameter, the permissible variations in wallthickness for hot-finished tubes shall apply.9. Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter9.1 Except as provided in 9.2, variations from the specifiedoutside diameter shall not exceed the amounts prescribed inTabl
35、e 3.9.2 Thin-wall tubes usually develop significant ovality (outof roundness) during final annealing, or straightening, or both.The diameter tolerances of Table 3 are not sufficient to providefor additional ovality expected in thin-wall tubes, and, for suchtubes, are applicable only to the mean of t
36、he extreme (maxi-mum and minimum) outside diameter readings in any one crosssection. However, for thin wall tubes the difference in extremeoutside diameter readings (ovality) in any one cross sectionshall not exceed the following ovality allowances:Outside Diameter Ovality Allowance1 in. 25.4 mm and
37、 under 0.020 in. 0.5 mmOver 1 in. 25.4 mm 2.0 % of specified outside diameter10. Permissible Variations in Length10.1 Variations from the specified length shall not exceedthe amounts prescribed in Table 4.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Weight Per FootAMethod of ManufacturePermissible Variation in
38、 Weightper Foot, %Over UnderSeamless, hot-finishedSeamless, cold-finished:16 0112 in. 38.1 mm and under OD 12 0Over 112 in. 38.1 mm OD 13 0Welded 10 0AThese permissible variations in weight apply to lots of 50 tubes or more insizes 4 in. 101.6 mm and under in outside diameter, and to lots of 20 tube
39、s ormore in sizes over 4 in. 101.6 mm in outside diameter.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Wall ThicknessAOutsideDiameter,in. mmWall Thickness, %0.0952.4andUnderOver0.095to 0.1502.4 to3.8, inclOver 0.150to 0.1803.8 to4.6, inclOver0.180,4.6Over Under Over Under Over Under Over UnderSeamless, Hot-Fin
40、ished Tubes4 101.6 and 40 0 35 0 33 0 28 0underOver 4 . . 35 0 33 0 28 0101.6Seamless, Cold-Finished TubesOver Under112 38.1 and 20 0underOver 112 38.1 22 0Welded TubesAll sizes 18 0AThese permissible variations in wall thickness apply only to tubes, exceptinternal-upset tubes, as rolled or cold-fin
41、ished, and before swaging, expanding,bending, polishing, or other fabricating operations.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside DiameterAOutside Diameter,in. mmPermissible Variations, in. mmOver UnderHot-Finished Seamless Tubes4 101.6 and under164 0.4132 0.8Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl164 0
42、.4364 1.2Over 712 to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl164 0.4116 1.6Welded Tubes and Cold-Finished Seamless TubesUnder 1 25.4 0.004 0.1 0.004 0.11to112 25.4 to 38.1, incl 0.006 0.15 0.006 0.15Over 112 to 2 38.1 to 50.8, excl 0.008 0.2 0.008 0.22to212 50.8 to 63.5, excl 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25212 to 3 63.5 to 76.
43、2, excl 0.012 0.3 0.012 0.33 to 4 76.2 to 101.6, incl 0.015 0.38 0.015 0.38Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl 0.015 0.38 0.025 0.64Over 712 to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl 0.015 0.38 0.045 1.14AExcept as provided in 9.2, these permissible variations include out-of-roundness. These permissible variations i
44、n outside diameter apply to hot-finishedseamless, welded and cold-finished seamless tubes before other fabricatingoperations such as upsetting, swaging, expanding, bending, or polishing.TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in LengthAMethod ofManufactureOutsideDiameter,in. mmCut Length,in. mmOver UnderSeam
45、less, hot-finished All sizes316 5 0 0Seamless, cold-finishedUnder 2 50.82 50.8 and over18 3316 50000Welded Under 2 50.82 50.8 and over18 3316 50000AThese permissible variations in length apply to tubes before bending. Theyapply to cut lengths up to and including 24 ft 7.3 m. For lengths greater than
46、 24ft 7.3 m, the above over-tolerances shall be increased by18 in. 3 mm for each10 ft 3 m or fraction thereof over 24 ft or12 in. 13 mm, whichever is the lesser.A 450/A 450M 07311. Permissible Variations in Height of Flash on Electric-Resistance-Welded Tubes11.1 For tubes over 2 in. 50.8 mm in outsi
47、de diameter, orover 0.135 in. 3.44 mm in wall thickness, the flash on theinside of the tubes shall be mechanically removed by cutting toa maximum height of 0.010 in. 0.25 mm at any point on thetube.11.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and under in outsidediameter and 0.135 in. 3.4 mm and under in wall thick
48、ness,the flash on the inside of the tube shall be mechanicallyremoved by cutting to a maximum height of 0.006 in. 0.15mm at any point on the tube.12. Straightness and Finish12.1 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and havesmooth ends free of burrs. They shall have a workmanlikefinish. Surfac
49、e imperfections (see Note 1) may be removed bygrinding, provided that a smooth curved surface is maintained,and the wall thickness is not decreased to less than thatpermitted by this or the product specification. The outsidediameter at the point of grinding may be reduced by the amountso removed.NOTE 1An imperfection is any discontinuity or irregularity found inthe tube
