1、Designation: A450/A450M 15Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy SteelTubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A450/A450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a g
3、roup of requirementswhich, with the exceptions of 6.3 and Sections 7, 8, 19, 20, 21,22, 23, 24, and 25, are mandatory requirements to the follow-ing ASTM tubular product specifications:3Title of Specification ASTM DesignationAElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and CarbonManganese Steel Boiler T
4、ubesA178/A178MSeamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA179/A179MSeamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-PressureServiceA192/A192MSeamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Super-heater TubesA210/A210MElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser
5、 TubesA214/A214MSeamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes A423/A423MSpecification for Seamless and Welded Carbon SteelHeat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral FinsA498Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater HeaterTubesA556/A556MSeamless, Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hy-draulic System Ser
6、viceA822/A822MAThese designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications.1.2 One or more of Sections 6.3, 7, 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22.1,24, and 25 apply when the product specification or purchaseorder has a requirement for the test or analysis described bythese sections.1.3 In case
7、of conflict between a requirement of the productspecification and a requirement of this general requirementspecification only the requirement of the product specificationneed be satisfied.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within th
8、e text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M
9、”designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in theorder.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4A178/A178M Specification for Electric-Resistance-WeldedCarbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater TubesA179/A179M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Ste
10、el Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA192/A192M Specification for Seamless Carbon SteelBoiler Tubes for High-Pressure ServiceA210/A210M Specification for Seamless Medium-CarbonSteel Boiler and Superheater TubesA214/A214M Specification for Electric-Resistance-WeldedCarbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Con
11、denser TubesA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA423/A423M Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel TubesA498 Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon SteelHeat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral FinsA530/A530M Specification for General Requi
12、rements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA556/A556M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Car-bon Steel Feedwater Heater TubesA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel Pr
13、oductsA822/A822M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Car-bon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System Service1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Produ
14、cts.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A450/A450M10.DOI: 10.1520/A0450_A0450M-15.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-450 in Section II of that Code.3Annual B
15、ook of ASTM Standards, Vols 01.01 and 01.04.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Cha
16、nges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA1047/A1047M Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing ofT
17、ubingA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials(Withdrawn 2010)5E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe andTubingE273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone ofW
18、elded Pipe and TubingE309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubu-lar Products Using Magnetic SaturationE426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examina-tion of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium,Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar AlloysE570 Practice for Flux Leak
19、age Examination of Ferromag-netic Steel Tubular Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Ironand Steel Products62.3 Military Standards:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage6MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements forM
20、etals6MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements forSpecial Purpose Equipment62.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:Section IX72.5 Steel Structures Painting Council:SSPC-SP 6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Com-mercial Blast Cleaning82.6 Other Document:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice
21、for NondestructivePersonnel Qualification and Certification.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 remelted heatin secondary melting, all of the ingotsremelted from a single primary heat.3.1.2 thin-wall tubea tube meeting the specified outsidediameter and specified wa
22、ll thickness set forth as follows:Specified OutsideDiameterSpecified Wall Thickness2 in. 50.8 mm or less 2 % or less of specified outside diameterGreater than 2 in. 50.8mm3 % or less of specified outside diameterAny 0.020 in. 0.5 mm or less3.2 Other defined termsThe definitions in Test Methodsand De
23、finitions A370, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-ogy A751, and Terminology A941 are applicable to thisspecification and to those listed in 1.1.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed
24、material. Examples of such information include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Specificiation number with grade or class, or both, asapplicable and year date,4.1.3 Manufacture (hot-finished or cold-finished),4.1.4 Size (outside diameter
25、 and minimum wall thickness),4.1.5 Length (specific or random),4.1.6 Test report required (see Section 27),4.1.7 Choice of testing track from the options listed in TestMethods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SIunits) product standard. If the choice of test track is notspecified in the
26、 order, then the defaultASTM test track shall beused as noted in Test Methods A1058.4.1.8 Supplementary Requirements, and4.1.9 Additional requirements.5. Process5.1 The steel may be made by any process.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be as stated on the purcha
27、se order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica
28、-tion of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Samples for chemical analysis, and method of analysisshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices
29、, andTerminology A751.6.2 Heat AnalysisIf the heat analysis reported by the steelproducer is not sufficiently complete for conformance with theheat analysis requirements of the applicable product specifica-tion to be fully assessed, the manufacturer may complete theassessment of conformance with suc
30、h heat analysis require-ments by using a product analysis for the specified elementsthat were not reported by the steel producer, provided thatproduct analysis tolerances are not applied and the heatanalysis is not altered.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.as
31、tm.org.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.7Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.8Available
32、 from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.A450/A450M 1526.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis requirements andoptions, if any, are contained in the product specification.7. Tensile Properties7.1 The material shall conform to the
33、 requirements as totensile properties prescribed in the individual specification.7.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offsetof 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total extension of 0.5 % ofthe gage length under load shall be determined.7.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test spe
34、cimen isless than that specified and any part of the fracture is more than34 in. 19.0 mm from the center of the gage length, asindicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, aretest shall be allowed.8. Standard Weights8.1 The calculated weight per unit length, based upon aspecified minimu
35、m wall thickness, shall be determined by thefollowing equation:W 5 CD 2 t!t (1)where:C = 10.69 0.0246615,W = weight, lb/ft kg/m,D = specified outside diameter, in. mm, andt = specified minimum wall thickness, in. mm8.2 The permissible variations from the calculated weightper foot kilogram per metre
36、shall be as prescribed in Table 1.9. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness9.1 Variations from the specified minimum wall thicknessshall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 2.9.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and over in outside diameterand 0.220 in. 5.6 mm and over in thickness, the variation in
37、wall thickness in any one cross section of any one tube shallnot exceed the following percentage of the actual mean wall atthe section. The actual mean wall is defined as the average ofthe thickest and thinnest wall in that section.Seamless tubes 610 %Welded tubes 65%9.3 When cold-finished tubes as
38、ordered require wall thick-nesses34 in. 19.1 mm or over, or an inside diameter 60 % orless of the outside diameter, the permissible variations in wallthickness for hot-finished tubes shall apply.10. Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter10.1 Except as provided in 10.2, variations from the speci-
39、fied outside diameter shall not exceed the amounts prescribedin Table 3.10.2 Thin-wall tubes usually develop significant ovality (outof roundness) during final annealing, or straightening, or both.The diameter tolerances of Table 3 are not sufficient to providefor additional ovality expected in thin
40、-wall tubes, and, for suchtubes, are applicable only to the mean of the extreme (maxi-mum and minimum) outside diameter readings in any one crosssection. However, for thin wall tubes the difference in extremeoutside diameter readings (ovality) in any one cross sectionshall not exceed the following o
41、vality allowances:Outside Diameter Ovality Allowance1 in. 25.4 mm and under 0.020 in. 0.5 mmOver 1 in. 25.4 mm 2.0 % of specified outside diameterTABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Weight Per Unit LengthAMethod of ManufacturePermissible Variation in Weightper Unit Length, %Over UnderSeamless, hot-fin
42、ishedSeamless, cold-finished:16 0112 in. 38.1 mm and under OD 12 0Over 112 in. 38.1 mm OD 13 0Welded 10 0AThese permissible variations in weight apply to lots of 50 tubes or more in sizes4 in. 101.6 mm and under in outside diameter, and to lots of 20 tubes or more insizes over 4 in. 101.6 mm in outs
43、ide diameter.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Wall ThicknessAOutsideDiameter,in. mmWall Thickness, %0.0952.4andUnderOver0.095to 0.1502.4 to3.8, inclOver 0.150to 0.1803.8 to4.6, inclOver0.180,4.6Over Under Over Under Over Under Over UnderSeamless, Hot-Finished Tubes4 101.6 and 40 0 35 0 33 0 28 0und
44、erOver 4 . . 35 0 33 0 28 0101.6Seamless, Cold-Finished TubesOver Under112 38.1 and 20 0underOver 112 38.1 22 0Welded TubesAll sizes 18 0AThese permissible variations in wall thickness apply only to tubes, exceptinternal-upset tubes, as rolled or cold-finished, and before swaging, expanding,bending,
45、 polishing, or other fabricating operations.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside DiameterAOutside Diameter,in. mmPermissible Variations, in. mmOver UnderHot-Finished Seamless Tubes4 101.6 and under164 0.4132 0.8Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl164 0.4364 1.2Over 712 to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl16
46、4 0.4116 1.6Welded Tubes and Cold-Finished Seamless TubesUnder 1 25.4 0.004 0.1 0.004 0.11to112 25.4 to 38.1, incl 0.006 0.15 0.006 0.15Over 112 to 2 38.1 to 50.8, excl 0.008 0.2 0.008 0.22to212 50.8 to 63.5, excl 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25212 to 3 63.5 to 76.2, excl 0.012 0.3 0.012 0.33 to 4 76.2 to 101
47、.6, incl 0.015 0.38 0.015 0.38Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl 0.015 0.38 0.025 0.64Over 712 to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl 0.015 0.38 0.045 1.14AExcept as provided in 10.2, these permissible variations include out-of-roundness. These permissible variations in outside diameter apply to hot-finishedseam
48、less, welded and cold-finished seamless tubes before other fabricatingoperations such as upsetting, swaging, expanding, bending, or polishing.A450/A450M 15311. Permissible Variations in Length11.1 Variations from the specified length shall not exceedthe amounts prescribed in Table 4.12. Permissible
49、Variations in Height of Flash on Electric-Resistance-Welded Tubes12.1 For tubes over 2 in. 50.8 mm in outside diameter, orover 0.135 in. 3.44 mm in wall thickness, the flash on theinside of the tubes shall be mechanically removed by cutting toa maximum height of 0.010 in. 0.25 mm at any point on thetube.12.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and under in outsidediameter and 0.135 in. 3.4 mm and under in wall thickness,the flash
