1、Designation: A450/A450M 15A450/A450M 18Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy SteelTubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A450/A450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificati
3、on2 covers a group of requirements which, with the exceptions of 6.3 and Sections 7, 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, and 25, are mandatory requirements to the following ASTM tubular product specifications:3Title of Specification ASTM DesignationAElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and CarbonManganese
4、Steel Boiler TubesA178/A178MElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler TubesA178/A178MSeamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA179/A179MSeamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-PressureServiceA192/A192MSeamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boil
5、er and Super-heater TubesA210/A210MElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA214/A214MSeamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes A423/A423MSpecification for Seamless and Welded Carbon SteelHeat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral FinsA498Specification for Seamless
6、and Welded Carbon SteelHeat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral FinsA498/A498MSeamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater HeaterTubesA556/A556MSeamless, Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hy-draulic System ServiceA822/A822MA These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications.1.2
7、One or more of Sections 6.3, 7, 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22.1, 24, and 25 apply when the product specification or purchase orderhas a requirement for the test or analysis described by these sections.1.3 In case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification and a requirement of this genera
8、l requirementspecification only the requirement of the product specification need be satisfied.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact
9、 equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Theinch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.1.5 This interna
10、tional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commit
11、tee.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2015Sept. 1, 2018. Published June 2015September 2018. Originally
12、 approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 asA450/A450MA450/A450M 15.10. DOI: 10.1520/A0450_A0450M-15.10.1520/A0450_A0450M-18.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-450 in Section II of that Code.3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 0
13、1.01 and 01.04.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users co
14、nsult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
15、n, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4A178/A178M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and SuperheaterTubesA179/A179M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA1
16、92/A192M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure ServiceA210/A210M Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater TubesA214/A214M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA370 Test Methods and De
17、finitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA423/A423M Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel TubesA498A498/A498M Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral FinsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for Specialized
18、Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA556/A556M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater TubesA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA822/A822M Specifi
19、cation for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System ServiceA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA1047/A1047M Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of TubingA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricD3951 Pract
20、ice for Commercial PackagingE92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and TubingE273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and TubingE309 Practice for Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tu
21、bular Products Using Magnetic SaturationE426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium,AusteniticStainless Steel and Similar AlloysE570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fe
22、d. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel Products52.3 Military Standards:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Shipment and Storage5MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements for Metals5MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements for Special Purpose Equi
23、pment52.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:Section IX62.5 Steel Structures Painting Council:SSPC-SP 6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Commercial Blast Cleaning72.6 Other Document:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Personnel Qualification and Certification.3. Terminology3.1
24、 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 remelted heatin secondary melting, all of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.3.1.2 thin-wall tubea tube meeting the specified outside diameter and specified wall thickness set forth as follows:4 For referencedASTM standards, visit the
25、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., P
26、hiladelphia, PA 19111-5098.6 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.7 Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/w
27、ww.sspc.org.A450/A450M 182Specified OutsideDiameterSpecified Wall Thickness2 in. 50.8 mm or less 2 % or less of specified outside diameterGreater than 2 in. 50.8 mm 3 % or less of specified outside diameterAny 0.020 in. 0.5 mm or less3.2 Other defined termsThe definitions in Test Methods and Definit
28、ions A370, Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA751, and Terminology A941 are applicable to this specification and to those listed in 1.1.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase the neededmater
29、ial. Examples of such information include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Specificiation number with grade or class, or both, as applicable and year date,4.1.3 Manufacture (hot-finished or cold-finished),4.1.4 Size (outside diameter an
30、d minimum wall thickness),4.1.5 Length (specific or random),4.1.6 Test report required (see Section 27),4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)product standard. If the choice of test track is not specified in the
31、order, then the default ASTM test track shall be used as notedin Test Methods A1058.4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements, and4.1.8 Additional requirements.5. Process5.1 The steel may be made by any process.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser, it shall be as stated on the purch
32、ase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, such aselectroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identific
33、ationof the resultant transition material is required. The producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure thatpositively separates the grades.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Samples for chemical analysis, and method of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practice
34、s, andTerminology A751.6.2 Heat AnalysisIf the heat analysis reported by the steel producer is not sufficiently complete for conformance with the heatanalysis requirements of the applicable product specification to be fully assessed, the manufacturer may complete the assessmentof conformance with su
35、ch heat analysis requirements by using a product analysis for the specified elements that were not reportedby the steel producer, provided that product analysis tolerances are not applied and the heat analysis is not altered.6.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis requirements and options, if any, are
36、contained in the product specification.7. Tensile Properties7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in the individual specification.7.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total extension of 0.5 % o
37、f thegage length under load shall be determined.7.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is less than that specified and any part of the fracture is more than 34in. 19.0 mm from the center of the gage length, as indicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, a retest shall
38、 beallowed.8. Standard Weights8.1 The calculated weight per unit length, based upon a specified minimum wall thickness, shall be determined by the followingequation:W 5CD2t!t (1)where:C = 10.69 0.0246615,A450/A450M 183W = weight, lb/ft kg/m,D = specified outside diameter, in. mm, andt = specified mi
39、nimum wall thickness, in. mm8.2 The permissible variations from the calculated weight per foot kilogram per metre shall be as prescribed in Table 1.9. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness9.1 Variations from the specified minimum wall thickness shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 2.9
40、.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and over in outside diameter and 0.220 in. 5.6 mm and over in thickness, the variation in wallthickness in any one cross section of any one tube shall not exceed the following percentage of the actual mean wall at the section.The actual mean wall is defined as the average
41、of the thickest and thinnest wall in that section.Seamless tubes 610 %Welded tubes 65 %9.3 When cold-finished tubes as ordered require wall thicknesses 34 in. 19.1 mm or over, or an inside diameter 60 % or lessof the outside diameter, the permissible variations in wall thickness for hot-finished tub
42、es shall apply.10. Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter10.1 Except as provided in 10.2, variations from the specified outside diameter shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table3.10.2 Thin-wall tubes usually develop significant ovality (out of roundness) during final annealing, or straig
43、htening, or both. Thediameter tolerances of Table 3 are not sufficient to provide for additional ovality expected in thin-wall tubes, and, for such tubes,are applicable only to the mean of the extreme (maximum and minimum) outside diameter readings in any one cross section.However, for thin wall tub
44、es the difference in extreme outside diameter readings (ovality) in any one cross section shall not exceedthe following ovality allowances:Outside Diameter Ovality Allowance1 in. 25.4 mm and under 0.020 in. 0.5 mmOver 1 in. 25.4 mm 2.0 % of specified outside diameter11. Permissible Variations in Len
45、gth11.1 Variations from the specified length shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 4.12. Permissible Variations in Height of Flash on Electric-Resistance-Welded Tubes12.1 For tubes over 2 in. 50.8 mm in outside diameter, or over 0.135 in. 3.44 mm in wall thickness, the flash on the inside
46、of the tubes shall be mechanically removed by cutting to a maximum height of 0.010 in. 0.25 mm at any point on the tube.12.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and under in outside diameter and 0.135 in. 3.4 mm and under in wall thickness, the flash onthe inside of the tube shall be mechanically removed by cut
47、ting to a maximum height of 0.006 in. 0.15 mm at any point on thetube.13. Straightness and Finish13.1 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and have smooth ends free of burrs. They shall have a workmanlike finish.Surface imperfections (see Note 1) may be removed by grinding, provided that a sm
48、ooth curved surface is maintained, and the wallthickness is not decreased to less than that permitted by this or the product specification. The outside diameter at the point ofgrinding may be reduced by the amount so removed.NOTE 1An imperfection is any discontinuity or irregularity found in the tub
49、e.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Weight Per Unit LengthAMethod of ManufacturePermissible Variation in Weightper Unit Length, %Over UnderSeamless, hot-finishedSeamless, cold-finished:16 0112 in. 38.1 mm and under OD 12 0Over 112 in. 38.1 mm OD 13 0Welded 10 0A These permissible variations in weight apply to lots of 50 tubes or more in sizes4 in. 101.6 mm and under in outside diameter, and to lots of 20 tubes or more insizes over 4 in. 101.6 mm in outside diameter.A450/A450M 18414. Repair by Welding14.1 Repair
