1、Designation: A 469/A 469M 07Standard Specification forVacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 469/A 469M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers vacuum-treated basic electricsteel forgings for generator rotors.1.2 Supplementary require
3、ments are provided, both in thisstandard and in Specification A 788/A 788M, for use whenadditional testing, inspection or processing is required by thepurchaser.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)units are to be regarded separately as standards. Within the textand tables, the S
4、I units are shown in brackets. The values statedin each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem must be used independent of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the specification.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-t
5、ion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 341/A 341M Test Method for Direct Current MagneticProperties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and theB
6、allistic Test MethodsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 418/A 418M Test Method for Ultrasonic Examination ofTurbine and Generator Steel Rotor ForgingsA 773/A 773M Test Method for dc Magnetic Properties ofMaterials Using Ring and Permeameter Procedures withdc
7、Electronic HysteresigraphsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirements3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A 788/A 788M, the purchaser shall include withthe inquiry and order, a dimensioned drawing
8、showing themechanical test specimen locations, together with:3.1.1 Details of any required magnetic permeability tests(6.1).3.1.2 If the yield strength is to be determined at an offset of0.2%(Table 1), and number of tests (7.1.2 and 7.1.3).3.1.3 If vertical heat treatment is required (S3).3.1.4 If h
9、eat treatment by normalizing and tempering isrequired (4.2.2 and 4.2.3).3.1.5 If post rough machining stress relief may be omittedfor forgings that have been double tempered (4.2.2).3.1.6 Details for boring including dimensions, finish, timingand additional testing if required (8.3 and S1).3.1.7 Any
10、 applicable instructions regarding the requirednondestructive examinations (8).3.1.8 If vacuum arc remelted ingots are to be used, thepurchaser may require that footnote A to Table 2 be applicable.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788/A 7
11、88M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, production analysis variations, and additionalsupplementary requirements.3.3 Failure to comply with the applicable general require-ments of Specific
12、ation A 788/A 788M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification.3.4 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The vacuum degassing requiremen
13、ts of SpecificationA 788/A 788M are mandatory.4.1.1 Other vacuum methods of degassing may be used ifthe supplier can demonstrate their adequacy to the satisfactionof the purchaser, but in this case, hydrogen testing perSupplementary Requirement S4 is mandatory.4.2 Heat Treatment:1This specification
14、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in
15、 2006 as A 469/A 469M 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appea
16、rs at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2.1 Vertical heat treatment of the rotor forging is pre-ferred, and Supplementary Requirement S3 should be specifiedby the purchase order if this is requ
17、ired.4.2.2 The heat treatment for mechanical properties shallconsist of quenching and tempering, but normalizing andtempering is permissible with prior purchaser approval. Also,with prior purchaser approval, the post rough machining stressrelief in 4.2.3 may be omitted when double tempering is used,
18、instead of a single temper, to complete this heat treatmentcycle.4.2.3 After heat treatment and the subsequent rough ma-chining, the forging shall be stress relieved at a minimumtemperature of 1050F 565C, unless otherwise specified bythe purchaser.4.3 Machining:4.3.1 BoringThe manufacturer may bore
19、the forging atany time prior to stress-relief anneal. (See SupplementaryRequirement S1).5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A 788/A 788M shallcomply with Table 2.5.2 Product AnalysisThe manufacturer shall use the prod-uct
20、 analysis provision of SpecificationA 788/A 788M to obtaina product analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat.6. Magnetic Properties6.1 When specified in the ordering information, a perme-ability test shall be performed in accordance with the latestissue of Test Method A 341/A 3
21、41M or Test Method A 773/A 773M.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.7.1.2 The number and locations of tension test specimensshall be as specified on the forging drawings furnished by thepurchaser.7.1.3 Tests for acceptance shall be ma
22、de after heat treatmentof the forging for mechanical properties; however, the ultra-sonic examination requirements of 8.2.3 must be considered.The purchaser may require check tests after completion of allheating cycles including stress relieving in accordance with4.2.3.7.1.4 Testing shall be perform
23、ed in accordance with thelatest issue of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7.1.5 The yield strength prescribed in Table 1 shall bedetermined by the offset method at 0.02 % as described in TestMethods and Definitions A 370.7.2 Impact Test:7.2.1 The material shall conform to the requirements fornotch
24、 toughness (both fracture appearance transition tempera-ture (FATT) and room temperature absorbed energy value)prescribed in Table 1.TABLE 1 Tensile and Notch Toughness RequirementsGrade2345678Tensile strength, min, ksi 80 90 100 110 100 110 120MPa 550 620 690 760 690 760 825Yield strength,Amin, ksi
25、 55 70 80 90 80 90 100MPa 380 485 550 620 550 620 690Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 20 20 17 15 18 17 16Reduction of area, min, % 50 50 45 40 55 50 45FATT50, max, F 100 100 120 175 0 20 40FATT50, max, C 38 38 49 80 18 7 4Charpy absorbed energy at 70 6 5F 20 6 3 C,30 30 25 15 60 50 40min, ftlbf
26、J 40 40 34 20 80 68 55AYield strength at 0.02 % offset. Yield strength may also be specified at 0.2 % offset in which case 5000 psi (35 MPa) shall be added to these values.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grades 6, 7, 8Carbon, max 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.31
27、 0.28Manganese, max 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.60Phosphorus, max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Sulfur, max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Silicon, maxA0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30Nickel 2.50 min 2.50 min 3.00 min 3.00 min 3.25 to 4.00Chromium 0.50 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 1.25 to 2.00Molybdenum 0.20 to 0.
28、50 0.20 to 0.50 0.20 to 0.60 0.20 to 0.70 0.30 to 0.60Vanadium 0.03 min 0.03 min 0.03 min 0.05 to 0.15 0.05 to 0.15AntimonyB. . . . .AOptional: For steel that is to be vacuum arc remelted a minimum silicon of 0.15 % may be specified.BReport for information on Grades 6, 7, and 8.A 469/A 469M 0727.2.2
29、 Charpy V-notch specimens from surface radial testlocations shall be oriented with the root of the notch perpen-dicular to a radial axis of the forging and parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the forging. The notch shall be located asfar below the heat treated surface of the forging as possiblewitho
30、ut exceeding the dimensions specified for the test mate-rial. The actual distance from the outside diameter of theforging to the specimen notch shall be reported.8. Nondestructive Test Requirements8.1 General RequirementsThe forgings shall be free ofcracks, seams, laps, shrinkage, and other injuriou
31、s imperfec-tions.8.2 Ultrasonic Inspection:8.2.1 An ultrasonic inspection shall be made at the forgingmanufacturers plant on the machined forgings. In making theultrasonic inspection, reference shall be made to the latest issueof Test Method A 418/A 418M.8.2.2 Forgings having recordable ultrasonic i
32、ndicationsshall be referred to the purchaser and evaluated on the basis ofnature, frequency, and locations of indications both travelingand stationary. If the ultrasonic indications are consideredobjectionable, it shall be determined by conventional or mutu-ally acceptable inspection procedures whet
33、her the forging willbe rejected.8.2.3 Forgings shall be ultrasonically examined prior toremoval of the mid-body radial tension coupons.8.3 Internal InspectionBoring, when specified for bores-cope inspection, shall be as shown on the drawings furnishedby the purchaser. The drawings shall specify the
34、nominaldimensions and surface finish of the hole. Magnetic particleexamination of the bore surface shall be performed in accor-dance with the latest issue of Test Method A 275/A 275M. Themanufacturer shall report the results of the examination to thepurchaser and any further action shall be taken on
35、ly aftermutual agreement.9. Retreatment9.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any forging donot conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturermay retreat the forging one or more times, but not more thanthree additional times without approval of the purchaser, andretests shall be made
36、 in accordance with 7.1.2.9.2 If boring, specified under Supplementary RequirementsS1, was completed, the remaining portions of the bore coreshall be replaced in the bore during retreatment.10. Certification and Reports10.1 In addition to the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, the product a
37、nalysis results shall be reported.11. Packaging and Package Marking11.1 In addition to the marking requirements of Specifica-tion A 788/A 788M, axial bores, if any, shall be protected andsuitably plugged for shipment or storage.12. Keywords12.1 generator rotor forgings; steel forgings; vacuum-treate
38、d steel; vertical heat treatment; yield strength at 0.02 %offsetSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser on theorder.S1. Bore Core TestsS1.1 The purchaser may require physical tests from the barcored from the longitudinal bor
39、e of the forging. These coretests will be for information only.S1.2 Specimens for bore core tests shall be cored from theforging after heat treatment for mechanical properties.S2. Method of ForgingS2.1 The purchaser may specify that hot working be per-formed on a press.S3. Vertical Heat TreatmentS3.
40、1 Heat treatment for mechanical properties shall beperformed with the forging in the vertical position.S4. Hydrogen DeterminationS4.1 A hydrogen determination shall be made. The accept-able hydrogen limit as well as the stage in processing whensampling, the sample preparation procedure and the metho
41、d ofanalysis shall be as agreed upon by manufacturer and pur-chaser.S5. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS5.1 A magnetic particle examination of the completeexterior and bore surfaces of the machined forging shall bemade at the forging manufacturers plant. The examinationshall be performed in accordance
42、 with the latest issue of TestMethod A 275/A 275M.S5.2 The purchaser shall establish the minimum length oflinear indications to be considered relevant.S5.3 Forgings with either cracks or relevant linear indica-tions are subject to rejection unless they can be removed to thepurchasers satisfaction.S6
43、. Silicon ContentS6.1 The maximum silicon content shall be 0.10 %.A 469/A 469M 073SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A 469/A 469M 06) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2007.)(1) Added Supple
44、mentary Requirement S6.Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A 469/A 469M 04) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2006.)(1) Added Subsection 3.1.8.(2) Deleted minimum silicon requirement in Table 2.ASTM Internatio
45、nal takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their
46、 own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be
47、 addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards
48、, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A 469/A 469M 074
