1、Designation: A473 15Standard Specification forStainless Steel Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic,ferritic, and m
3、artensitic stainless steel forgings for general use,and for low- or high-temperature service.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered s
4、tandard.1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection,or processing is required.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Te
5、rminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnifie
6、d Numbering System (UNS)3. Ordering Information3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),3.1
7、.2 Dimensions, including prints or sketches,3.1.3 Name of material (stainless steel forgings),3.1.4 Type or UNS designation (Table 1),3.1.5 Condition (Table 2), and3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.3.1.7 Test for magnetic permeability if specified by cus-tomer purchase order when ordering Typ
8、es 207 and 205.3.1.8 Special requirements.3.2 If possible the intended end use of the item should begiven on the purchase order especially when the item is orderedfor a specific end use or uses.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 5 stainless steelforgings, Type 410, Designation A, AS
9、TM Specification A473 dated_. End use: pump blocks for oil well equipment.4. General Requirements4.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturingrequirements, testing and retesting
10、 methods and procedures,marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-tional supplementary requirements.4.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.5. Manufacture5.
11、1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,billets, slabs, or bars, either forged or rolled from an ingot, andcut to the required length by a suitable process.5.2 The material shall be forged by hammering, pressing,rolling, extruding, or upsetting. It shall be brought as nearly asposs
12、ible to the finished shape and size by hot-working; andshall be processed, if practicable, so as to cause metal-flowduring the hot-working operation in the direction most favor-able for resisting the stresses encountered in service as may beindicated to the manufacturer by the purchaser.1This specif
13、ication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approv
14、ed in 2013 as A473 13. DOI:10.1520/A0473-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Cha
15、nges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 When specified on the order, a sample forging may besectioned and etched to show flow lines and the condition asregards internal imper
16、fections. When so specified, the questionof acceptable and unacceptable metal-flow shall be subject toagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser prior toorder entry.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAUNSDesig-nationBTypeNum-berCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phos-pho-rus,%Sulfur,%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,
17、%Molyb-denum, %Nitro-gen, %OtherElements,%Austenitic GradesS20100 201 0.15 5.57.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 3.55.5 . . . 0.25S20200 202 0.15 7.510.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 4.06.0 . . . 0.25S20500 205 0.120.25 14.015.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.518.0 1.001.75 . . . 0.320.40S21900 XM-10 0.08 8.010.0 0.06
18、0 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S21904 XM-11 0.04 8.010.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S28200 . . . 0.15 17.019.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 . . . 0.751.25 0.400.60 Cu 0.751.25S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . 0.10S30215 302B 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.0
19、30 2.003.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . .S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 0.60C.S30323 303 Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.010.5 . . . 0.10S30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.01
20、2.0 . . . 0.10S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 10.513.0 . . . . . .S30800 308 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.021.0 10.012.0 . . . . . .S30815 . . . 0.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.402.00 20.022.0 10.012.0 . . . 0.140.20 Ce 0.030.08S30900 309 0.20 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . .
21、. .S30908 309S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . .S31000 310 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31008 310S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31254 . . . 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 0.180.25 Cu 0.501.00S31400 3
22、14 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.503.00 23.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31700 317 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 11.015.0 3.04.0 0.10S32100 321 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.0
23、30 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . Ti 5C minS34700 347 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 10C,minS34800 348 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 10C,minTa 0.10Co 0.20Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550D. . . 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 24.0-27.0 4.5-
24、6.5 2.9-3.9 0.10-0.25 Cu 1.502.50S32760D. . . 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 24.026.0 6.08.0 3.04.0 0.200.30 Cu 0.501.00W 0.501.00S32950 . . . 0.03 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 26.029.0 3.55.2 1.002.50 0.150.35Ferritic GradesS40500 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.514.5 0.60 . . . . . . A1 0.100.30S42900 429
25、 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.016.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43000 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43020 430F 0.12 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 0.60C.S43023S44600430F Se4460.120.201.251.500.060.0400.060.0301.001.0016.018.023.027.00.750.75.0.25Se 0.15 minMartensitic GradesS
26、40300 403 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.50 11.513.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S41000 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41008 410S 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41400 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 1.252.50 . . . . . . . . .S41425 . . . 0.05 0
27、.501.00 0.020 0.005 0.50 12.015.0 4.07.0 1.502.00 0.060.12 Cu 0.30S41500E0.05 0.51.0 0.030 0.030 0.60 11.514.0 3.55.5 0.400.80 . . .S41600 416 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 12.014.0 . . . 0.60C.S41623 416 Se 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.06 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS42000 420 Over 0.15 1.00 0.04
28、0 0.030 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S43100 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.017.0 1.252.50 . . . . . . . . .S44002 440A 0.600.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .S44003 440B 0.750.95 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .S44004 440C 0.951.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.
29、018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .AMaximum, unless range or minimum is indicated.BNew designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086.CAt manufacturers option; reported only when intentionally added.D%Cr+3.3%Mo+16%N$ 40.EWrought version of CA6NM.A473 1525.4 When specified on the order, t
30、he manufacturer shallsubmit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing theshape of the rough forging before machining, or before heattreating for mechanical properties.5.5 The grain size shall be as fine as practicable andprecautions shall be taken to minimize grain growth.6. Heat Treatment6.1 E
31、xcept for S31254, the austenitic steels shall receive asolution heat treatment, consisting of heating the material to aminimum temperature of 1900F (1040C), followed by cool-ing rapidly in air or water.6.2 S31254 shall receive a solution heat treatment, consist-ing of heating the material to a minim
32、um temperature of2100F (1150C) followed by cooling rapidly in air or water.6.3 When specified, Types 347, 348, and 321 shall receive astabilization heat treatment in addition to the solution heattreatment specified in 6.1, which shall consist of holding theforgings at 1550 to 1750F (845 to 955C) for
33、 1 h for each inchof section thickness with a minimum holding time of 2 h,followed by air-cooling or water quenching. The stabilizationheat treatment is not usually specified, unless these steels areintended for severely corrosive environments in the tempera-ture range from 800 to 1600F (425 to 870C
34、). When specified,the stabilization heat treatment shall be the final heat treatmentand may be performed before machining.6.4 S32950 shall receive an annealing treatment, consistingof heating the material to a temperature of 1825F (995C) to1875F (1025C) for an appropriate time followed by waterquenc
35、hing or rapid cooling by other means.6.5 S32760 shall receive an annealing treatment consistingof heating the material to a minimum temperature of 2010F(1100C), followed by water quenching or rapid cooling byother means.6.6 The ferritic grades shall be properly annealed:6.7 Except for S41425 and S41
36、500, the martensitic gradesshall be annealed, or hardened and tempered as specified.Liquid quenching shall be permitted only by agreement withthe purchaser.6.8 For S41425, heat to 1700F (925C) minimum and holdfor1hattemperature minimum.Air cool to below 90F (32C)TABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requireme
37、ntsType ConditionYield Strength,min, ksi(MPa)ATensile Strength,min, ksi(MPa)Elongationin 2 in.(50 mm) or4D, min %Reductionof Area,min, %BrinellHardnessNumber,maxAustenitic Grades201, 302, 302B, 303, 303SE, 305, 308, 309,309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, 321, 347, 348A 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 . . .202 A 45
38、(310) 90 (620) 40 50 . . .205 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections 5 in. (127 mm) andUnderA 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections Over 5 in. (127 mm) A 30 (205) 70 (485) 40 50 . . .304L and 316L A 25 (170) 65 (450) 40 50 . . .XM-10 and XM-11 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 45 60 . .
39、 .S28200 A 60 (415) 110 (760) 40 55 . . .S30815 A 45 (310) 87 (600) 40 50 . . .S31254 A 44 (300) 95 (650) 35 50 . . .Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25.0 . . . 290S32950 A 70 (480) 100 (690) 15 . . . 293S32760 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25 . . . 290Ferritic Grades430F, 430FSE, 446 A
40、40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223405 A 30 (205) 60 (415) 20 45 207429 A 35 (240) 65 (450) 23 45 207430 A 35 (240) 70 (485) 20 45 217Martensitic Grades403, 410, 416, 416SE A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223410S A 35 (240) 65 (450) 22 45 217414 A . . . . . . 298T 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 321H 100 (690) 125 (860)
41、 15 45 321S41425 T 120 (825) 95 (655) 15 45 321S41500 normalized and tempered 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 295420 A . . . . . . 223431 A . . . . . . 277BT 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 . . . 321H 135 (930) 175 (1210) 13 . . . 440440A, 440B, 440C A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269AYield strength shall be
42、determined by the 0.2 % offset method in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. An alternative method of determining yield strengthmay be used based on a total extension under load of 0.5 %.BType 431 forgings of designation A, when specified, shall be capable of meeting the above mechani
43、cal property requirements of designation T after oil quenching from1800 to 1900F (980 to 1038C) and tempering at not less than 1100F (595C), or designation H when oil quenched from 1850 to 1950F (1010 to 1065C) and temperedat not more than 700F (370C).A473 153and temper at 1100F (595C) minimum for 1
44、 h/in. ofcross-sectional thickness minimum.6.9 For S41500 heat to 1750F (955C) minimum, air coolto 200F (95C) or lower prior to any optional intermediatetemper and prior to the final temper. The final temper shall bebetween 1050F (565C) and 1150F (620C).6.10 Types 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C should be
45、 used bythe purchaser in the hardened and tempered condition. Inresponse to heat treatment, these materials shall be capable ofmeeting the minimum hardness requirements as specified inTable 3.6.11 Types 403 and 410 tempered material shall benormalized, or shall be liquid quenched from 1700F (925C),m
46、inimum, followed by being held at the tempering temperaturefor at least 1 h/in. (25.4 mm) of cross section in accordancewith 6.11.1, 6.11.2 or 6.11.3.6.11.1 Condition 11250F (675C) minimum, 1400F(760C) maximum.6.11.2 Condition 21100F (595C) minimum, 1400F(760C) maximum.6.11.3 Condition 31050F (565C)
47、 minimum, 1400F(760C) maximum.6.12 Type S32550 shall receive an annealing treatmentconsisting of heating the material to a minimum temperature of1940F (1060C), followed by water quenching of rapidcooling by other means.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemic
48、alcomposition specified in Table 1.7.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysisrequired by this specification shall be in accordance with TestMethods, Practices, and Terminology A751.8. Mechanical Properties Requirements8.1 The material shall conform to the room temperaturemechanical requ
49、irements specified in Table 2.8.2 Instead of tension tests, hardness requirements, in ac-cordance with Table 2, may be specified by the purchaser forthe ferritic and the martensitic steels.8.3 The martensitic grades shall be capable of meeting thehardness requirements, after heat treating, as specified in Table3.9. Magnetic Permeability9.1 When required by the purchase order, the magneticpermea
