1、Designation: A473 17aA473 18Standard Specification forStainless Steel Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferrit
3、ic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, andfor low- or high-temperature service.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not c
4、onsidered standard.1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection, orprocessing is required.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the D
5、ecision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA751
6、 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE527 Practice for Numbering
7、Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)3. Ordering Information3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:3.1.1 Quantity
8、 (weight or number of pieces),3.1.2 Dimensions, including prints or sketches,3.1.3 Name of material (stainless steel forgings),3.1.4 Type or UNS designation (Table 1),3.1.5 Condition (Table 2), and3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.3.1.7 Test for magnetic permeability if specified by customer
9、purchase order when ordering Types 207 and 205.3.1.8 Special requirements.3.2 If possible the intended end use of the item should be given on the purchase order especially when the item is ordered fora specific end use or uses.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 5 stainless steel for
10、gings, Type 410, Designation A, ASTM Specification A473 dated _.End use: pump blocks for oil well equipment.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06on Steel Forgings and Bil
11、lets.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017May 1, 2018. Published September 2017May 2018. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2017 asA473-17.-17a. DOI: 10.1520/A0473-17A.10.1520/A0473-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Cu
12、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to
13、the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summar
14、y of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. General Requirements4.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M,
15、which outlinesadditional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAUNSDesig-nationBTypeNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phos-phor
16、us,%Sulfur,%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum, %Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%Austenitic GradesS20100 201 0.15 5.57.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 3.55.5 . . . 0.25S20200 202 0.15 7.510.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 4.06.0 . . . 0.25S20500 205 0.120.25 14.015.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.518.0 1.001.75 . . . 0.
17、320.40S21900 XM-10 0.08 8.010.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S21904 XM-11 0.04 8.010.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S28200 . . . 0.15 17.019.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 . . . 0.751.25 0.400.60 Cu 0.751.25S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . .
18、 0.10S30215 302B 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 2.003.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . .S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 0.60C . . .S30323 303 Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . 0.10S30403 304L
19、0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.012.0 . . . 0.10S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 10.513.0 . . . . . .S30800 308 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.021.0 10.012.0 . . . . . .S30815 . . . 0.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.402.00 20.022.0 10.012.0 . . . 0.140.20 Ce 0.030.08S30900 309 0.20 2.00 0.
20、045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . .S30908 309S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . .S31000 310 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31008 310S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31254 . . . 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.
21、518.5 6.06.5 0.180.25 Cu 0.501.00S31400 314 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.503.00 23.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31700 317 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 11.015.0
22、3.04.0 0.10S32100 321 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . Ti 5C minS34700 347 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 10C,minDS34800 348 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 10C,minDTa 0.10Co 0.20Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550E . .
23、 . 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 24.0-27.0 4.5-6.5 2.9-3.9 0.10-0.25 Cu 1.502.50S32760E . . . 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 24.026.0 6.08.0 3.04.0 0.200.30 Cu 0.501.00W 0.501.00S32950 . . . 0.03 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 26.029.0 3.55.2 1.002.50 0.150.35Ferritic GradesS40500 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11
24、.514.5 0.60 . . . . . . A1 0.100.30S42900 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.016.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43000 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43020 430F 0.12 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 0.60C . . .S43023S44600430F Se4460.120.201.251.500.060.0400.060.0301.001.0016.018.02
25、3.027.00.750.75. . . . . . .0.25Se 0.15 minMartensitic GradesS40300 403 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.50 11.513.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S41000 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41008 410S 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41400 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.0
26、30 1.00 11.513.5 1.252.50 . . . . . . . . .S41425 . . . 0.05 0.501.00 0.020 0.005 0.50 12.015.0 4.07.0 1.502.00 0.060.12 Cu 0.30S41500 F 0.05 0.51.0 0.030 0.030 0.60 11.514.0 3.55.5 0.400.80 . . .S41600 416 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 12.014.0 . . . 0.60C . . .S41623 416 Se 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.06 1.00
27、 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS42000 420 Over 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S43100 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.017.0 1.252.50 . . . . . . . . .S44002 440A 0.600.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .S44003 440B 0.750.95 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16
28、.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .S44004 440C 0.951.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .A Maximum, unless range or minimum is indicated.B New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086.C At manufacturers option; reported only when intentionally added.D Columbium (Cb)
29、and Niobium (Nb) are alternate names for element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.E % Cr + 3.3 % Mo + 16 % N $ 40.F Wrought version of CA6NM.A473 1824.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specif
30、ication shall prevail.5. Manufacture5.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms, billets, slabs, or bars, either forged or rolled from an ingot, and cutto the required length by a suitable process.TABLE 2 Mechanical Property RequirementsType Condition Yield Strength, min,ksi (MPa)A T
31、ensile Strength, min,ksi (MPa)Elongationin 2 in.(50 mm) or4D, min %Reductionof Area,min, %BrinellHardnessNumber,maxAustenitic Grades201, 302, 302B, 303, 303SE, 305, 308, 309,309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, 321, 347, 348A 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 . . .202 A 45 (310) 90 (620) 40 50 . . .205 A 50 (345) 90 (6
32、20) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections 5 in. (127 mm) andUnderA 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections Over 5 in. (127 mm) A 30 (205) 70 (485) 40 50 . . .304L and 316L A 25 (170) 65 (450) 40 50 . . .XM-10 and XM-11 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 45 60 . . .S28200 A 60 (415) 110 (760) 40 55 . . .S3081
33、5 A 45 (310) 87 (600) 40 50 . . .S31254 A 44 (300) 95 (650) 35 50 . . .Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25.0 . . . 290S32950 A 70 (480) 100 (690) 15 . . . 293S32760 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25 . . . 290Ferritic Grades430F, 430FSE, 446 A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223405 A 30 (205) 60 (
34、415) 20 45 207429 A 35 (240) 65 450) 23 45 207430 A 35 (240) 70 (485) 20 45 217Martensitic Grades403, 410, 416, 416SE A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223403, 410 1 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 2232 85 (585) 110 (760) 15 45 2693 100 (690) 130 (895) 12 35 331410S A 35 (240) 65 (450) 22 45 217414 A . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . 298T 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 321H 100 (690) 125 (860) 15 45 321S41425 T 95 (655) 120 (825) 15 45 321S41500 normalized andtempered90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 295420 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223431 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277BT 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 . . .
36、 321H 135 (930) 175 (1210) 13 . . . 440440A, 440B, 440C A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269A Yield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset method in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.An alternative method of determining yield strengthmay be used based on a total extens
37、ion under load of 0.5 %.B Type 431 forgings of designation A, when specified, shall be capable of meeting the above mechanical property requirements of designation T after oil quenching from1800 to 1900 F (980 to 1038 C) and tempering at not less than 1100 F (595 C), or designation H when oil quench
38、ed from 1850 to 1950 F (1010 to 1065 C) andtempered at not more than 700 F (370 C).A473 1835.2 The material shall be forged by hammering, pressing, rolling, extruding, or upsetting. It shall be brought as nearly aspossible to the finished shape and size by hot-working; and shall be processed, if pra
39、cticable, so as to cause metal-flow during thehot-working operation in the direction most favorable for resisting the stresses encountered in service as may be indicated to themanufacturer by the purchaser.A473 1845.3 When specified on the order, a sample forging may be sectioned and etched to show
40、flow lines and the condition as regardsinternal imperfections. When so specified, the question of acceptable and unacceptable metal-flow shall be subject to agreementbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser prior to order entry.5.4 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shall submit for app
41、roval of the purchaser a sketch showing the shape of therough forging before machining, or before heat treating for mechanical properties.5.5 The grain size shall be as fine as practicable and precautions shall be taken to minimize grain growth.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Except for S31254, the austenitic
42、steels shall receive a solution heat treatment, consisting of heating the material to aminimum temperature of 1900 F (1040 C), followed by cooling rapidly in air or water.water quenching or rapid cooling by othermeans sufficient to prevent the formation of grain boundary carbides.6.2 S31254 shall re
43、ceive a solution heat treatment, consisting of heating the material to a minimum temperature of 2100 F(1150 C) followed by cooling rapidly in air or water.water quenching or rapid cooling by other means sufficient to prevent theformation of grain boundary carbides.6.3 When specified,Types 347, 348,
44、and 321 shall receive a stabilization heat treatment in addition to the solution heat treatmentspecified in 6.1, which shall consist of holding the forgings at 1550 to 1750 F (845 to 955 C) for 1 h for each inch of sectionthickness with a minimum holding time of 2 h, followed by air-cooling or water
45、 quenching. The stabilization heat treatment is notusually specified, unless these steels are intended for severely corrosive environments in the temperature range from 800 to 1600 F(425 to 870 C). When specified, the stabilization heat treatment shall be the final heat treatment and may be performe
46、d beforemachining.6.4 S32950 shall receive an annealing treatment, consisting of heating the material to a temperature of 1825 F (995 C) to1875 F (1025 C) for an appropriate time followed by water quenching or rapid cooling by other means.6.5 S32760 shall receive an annealing treatment consisting of
47、 heating the material to a minimum temperature of 2010 F(1100 C), followed by water quenching or rapid cooling by other means.6.6 The ferritic grades shall be properly annealed:6.7 Except for S41425 and S41500, the martensitic grades shall be annealed, or hardened and tempered as specified. Liquidqu
48、enching shall be permitted only by agreement with the purchaser.6.8 For S41425, heat to 1700 F (925 C) minimum and hold for 1 h at temperature minimum. Air cool to below 90 F (32 C)and temper at 1100 F (595 C) minimum for 1 h/in. of cross-sectional thickness minimum.6.9 For S41500 heat to 1750 F (95
49、5 C) minimum, air cool to 200 F (95 C) or lower prior to any optional intermediate temperand prior to the final temper. The final temper shall be between 1050 F (565 C) and 1150 F (620 C).6.10 Types 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C should be used by the purchaser in the hardened and tempered condition. In responseto heat treatment, these materials shall be capable of meeting the minimum hardness requirements as spec
