1、Designation: A484/A484M 11 A484/A484M 12Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, andForgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This spec
3、ification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billetsor other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications:A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M
4、, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, andA831/A831M.1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the productspecification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or
5、a requirement of thisspecification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase orderrequirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or thisspecification; for example, by waivi
6、ng a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1.1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specifica
7、tion A480/A480M.1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system sha
8、ll be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting S
9、usceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for ForgingA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA458 Specification for Hot-Worked, Ho
10、t-Cold-Worked, and Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength at ElevatedTemperatures (Withdrawn 1988)4A473 Specification for Stainless Steel ForgingsA477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked and Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets for HighStrength at Elevated Temperatu
11、res (Withdrawn 1988)4A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripA555/A555M Specification for General Requirements
12、 for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire RodsA564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature ServiceA582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel BarsA638
13、/A638M Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock forHigh-Temperature ServiceA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA705/A705M Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless Steel ForgingsA751 Test Me
14、thods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and Mart
15、ensitic Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for Liquid Metal CooledReactor Core Components (Withdrawn 2005)4E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials2.2 Federal Standards:5Fed. Std
16、. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and Steel Products2.3 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-163 Preservation of Steel Products for Shipment (Storage and Overseas Shipment)2.4 Other Standard:6Primary Metals B
17、ar Code Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Bars, shapes, forgings, billets, or other semi-finished material used in this specification are defined as follows:3.1.1.1 Bars, nstraight lengths that are produced by processing that includes hot deformation, suc
18、h as rolling, forging, orextrusion. The permitted cross-sections include round, rectangular, and complex shapes. Bar shall include shapes with alldimensions under 5 in. 125 mm. Bar shall include hot-rolled flats with width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and with thickness 0.125in. 3.00 mm or greater. Bar
19、 shall include flats with width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and with thickness 0.125 in. 3.00 mm orgreater, cut from strip or plate provided that the long direction of the cut bar is parallel to the final rolling direction of the stripor plate.NOTE 1All cold-reduced flat material with thickness less t
20、han 0.1875 in. 5.00 mm and width 0.375 in. 9.50 mm and over is classified as strip.3.1.1.2 billets, nsemi-finished products, typically produced by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that require subsequenthot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion. Billets typically have a cross-section are
21、a of 36 in.2 or less (230 cm2) and shape thatis square or rectangular with width less than twice the thickness. Rectangular cross sections with width equal to or greater thantwice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheet bars.3.1.1.3 blooms, nsemi-finished products, typically produced by rolli
22、ng or continuous casting, that require subsequent hotworking by rolling or forging. Blooms typically have a cross section area of greater than 36 in.2 (230 cm2) and shape that is squareor rectangular with width less than twice the thickness. Rectangular cross sections with width equal to or greater
23、than twice thethickness are classified as slabs or sheet bars.3.1.1.4 forgings, nparts, including bars, billets, semi-finished products, or complex shapes, produced by hot mechanicalworking using hammers, presses, or forging machines.3.1.1.5 shapes, nbar having a cross section other than circular, r
24、ectangular, or hexagonal.3.1.1.6 slabs or sheet barsproducts, typically produced by blooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuous casting,that are shipped without further hot working to be further processed into plate, sheet, or strip. It is permitted to heat treat, cut toshape, or surface
25、 condition a slab or sheet bar.3.1.2 The terms random lengths, multiple lengths, and dead or exact lengths are defined as follows:3.1.2.1 dead lengths or exact lengthsbars, typically hot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine-straightening,meeting the permitted variations in length as list
26、ed in the tolerance tables of this specification.3.1.2.2 multiple lengthslengths that are specified as containing a predetermined number of units of length associated withproduction of a particular part, commonly including an allowance of 14 in. 6.5 mm per unit for cutting to insure obtaining thereq
27、uired number of pieces.3.1.2.3 random lengthsa length range not less than 24 in. 1 m; for example, 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m, 14 to 17 ft 4 to 5 m,or 15 to 20 ft 5 to 6 m.3.1.3 The terms condition and finish are defined as follows:3.1.3.1 conditionidentification of the final step or steps thermomechanica
28、l processing as required to describe the metallurgicalstate of the material as delivered. Examples include hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed, and cold-workedfor increased mechanical properties; and hot-worked, quenched, and tempered.1 This specification is under the jurisdict
29、ion of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.17on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011Nov. 1, 2012. Published March 2011November 2012. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous e
30、dition approved in 20102011as A484/A484M 10.A484/A484M 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-11.10.1520/A0484_A0484M-12.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specification SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code.3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as
31、tm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.5 Available from Standardization Do
32、cuments Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.6 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A484/A484M 1223.1.3.2 finishdescription of the surf
33、ace finish and applicable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, most typicallyby identification of the process applied to the product, and identification of the applicable category of product dimensionaltolerances. Examples of finishing operations include blasting, pickling, rough turn
34、ing, machine straightening, centerless grinding,polishing, and light cold drawing for surface finish but not for increased mechanical properties. See also 8.1.1 for hot-finished barsand 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all r
35、equirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces).4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter or width and thickness as applicable, len
36、gth, and prints or sketchesas applicable.4.1.3 Type or UNS designation.4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year if other than the latest edition4.1.5 Condition.4.1.6 Finish.4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked.4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from strip or pla
37、te, when applicable.4.1.9 Preparation for delivery.4.1.10 Marking requirements.4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes.4.1.12 Special requirements.NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb 2000 kg; 1.000 in. 25 mm round bar by 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m; Type 304 or S30400;Specification A
38、479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground; plus optional requirements, such as special marking instructions.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The material shall be made by any process.5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditions detailed in the applicable product specification, for exampl
39、e,hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed, and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.5.3 The material shall be furnished in one of the finishes as detailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicable productspecification, for example, hot-finished or cold-f
40、inished.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat or Cast AnalysisThe chemical analysis of each heat shall be determined in accordance with the applicable materialsspecification and Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a test sample taken during the
41、pouring of the melt or from the in-processproduct later in the manufacturing flow.6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical requirements for each of the specified elements for the grade ordered, aslisted in the applicable product specification.6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small am
42、ounts of elements other than those which are specified. It is neither practical nornecessary to specify limits for unspecified elements, whether intentionally added unspecified elements, residual elements, or traceelements, that can be present. The producer is permitted to analyze for unspecified el
43、ements and is permitted to report suchanalyses. The presence of an unspecified element and the reporting of an analysis for that element shall not be a basis for rejectionunless the presence of that element cause the loss of a property typically expected for that metal, for the type and quality orde
44、red.6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchase order a maximum limit for an individual element not specified inthe product specification. Such a requirement for an element not listed in the product specification, when acknowledged in the orderacceptance, shall be treated as a specif
45、ied element, with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of that analysis.6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirements for any element more stringent, that is, require higher minimums forelements having minimum requirements or ranges with minimum requirements, or requiring low
46、er maximums for elements havingspecified maximums, or ranges with maximums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemical requirements less stringent.6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specific elements rather than groups of elements, including but not limited to allothers,rare earths,
47、 and balance, unless all elements in such a group are similar in technical effect and are associated in typicalmethods of chemical analysis.6.2 Product AnalysisWhen required, a product analysis shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. The chemical composit
48、ion thus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table 1.A484/A484M 1236.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade in the referencing product specification, and any of the product s
49、pecifications within the scope ofthis general requirements specification, for which that element has a specified minimum.7. Heat Treatment7.1 The heat treatments shown in this section are to be followed unless otherwise specified in the applicable productspecification.7.2 Austenitic Grades:7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), hot-rolled grades (see 7.2.5), and UNS N08020 (see 7.2.6), all austeniticstainless steels shall be furnished in the solution annealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with subsequent lig
