1、Designation: A484/A484M 16A484/A484M 18Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, andForgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This
3、specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billetsor other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications:A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A
4、564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, andA831/A831M.1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the productspecification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification
5、 or a requirement of thisspecification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase orderrequirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or thisspecification; for example, by w
6、aiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1.1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Speci
7、fication A480/A480M.1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
8、 shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with inte
9、rnationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A262 P
10、ractices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for ForgingA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA458 Specific
11、ation for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold-Worked, and Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength at ElevatedTemperatures (Withdrawn 1988)4A473 Specification for Stainless Steel ForgingsA477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked and Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets for HighStreng
12、th at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)41 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.17on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016Jan. 1,
13、2018. Published January 2016January 2018. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asA484/A484M 15.A484/A484M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-16. 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-18.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specification SA-484/SA-484M in
14、Section II of that code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this h
15、istorical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurat
16、ely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
17、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripA555
18、/A555M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire RodsA564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature ServiceA582/A582M Specificatio
19、n for Free-Machining Stainless Steel BarsA638/A638M Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock forHigh-Temperature ServiceA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA705/A705M Specification for Age-Harde
20、ning Stainless Steel ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for Liquid Metal CooledReactor Core Components (Withdrawn 2005)4E112 Test Methods for
21、Determining Average Grain SizeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials2.2 Federal Standards:5Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and Steel Products2.3 Military Standards:5MIL-S
22、TD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-163 Preservation of Steel Products for Shipment (Storage and Overseas Shipment)2.4 Other Standard:6Primary Metals Bar Code Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Bars, shapes, forgings, billets, or other semi-fini
23、shed material used in this specification are defined as follows:3.1.1.1 Bars, nstraight lengths that are produced by processing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging, orextrusion. The permitted cross-sections include round, rectangular, and complex shapes. Bar shall include shapes
24、with alldimensions under 5 in. 125 mm. Bar shall include hot-rolled flats with width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and with thickness 0.125in. 3.00 mm or greater. Bar shall include flats with width of 10 in. 250 mm or less, and with thickness 0.125 in. 3.00 mm orgreater, cut from strip or plate provided
25、 that the long direction of the cut bar is parallel to the final rolling direction of the stripor plate.NOTE 1All cold-reduced flat material with thickness less than 0.1875 in. 5.00 mm and width 0.375 in. 9.50 mm and over is classified as strip.3.1.1.2 billets, nsemi-finished products, typically pro
26、duced by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that require subsequenthot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion. Billets typically have a cross-section area of 36 in.2 or less (230 cm2) and shape thatis square or rectangular with width less than twice the thickness. Rectangular cross sections
27、 with width equal to or greater thantwice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheet bars.3.1.1.3 blooms, nsemi-finished products, typically produced by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequent hotworking by rolling or forging. Blooms typically have a cross section area of greater
28、than 36 in.2 (230 cm2) and shape that is squareor rectangular with width less than twice the thickness. Rectangular cross sections with width equal to or greater than twice thethickness are classified as slabs or sheet bars.3.1.1.4 forgings, nparts, including bars, billets, semi-finished products, o
29、r complex shapes, produced by hot mechanicalworking using hammers, presses, or forging machines.3.1.1.5 shapes, nbar having a cross section other than circular, rectangular, or hexagonal.3.1.1.6 slabs or sheet barsproducts, typically produced by blooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuou
30、s casting,that are shipped without further hot working to be further processed into plate, sheet, or strip. It is permitted to heat treat, cut toshape, or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.3.1.2 The terms random lengths, multiple lengths, and dead or exact lengths are defined as follows:3.1.2.1
31、dead lengths or exact lengthsbars, typically hot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine-straightening,meeting the permitted variations in length as listed in the tolerance tables of this specification.3.1.2.2 multiple lengthslengths that are specified as containing a predetermined number o
32、f units of length associated withproduction of a particular part, commonly including an allowance of 14 in. 6.5 mm per unit for cutting to insure obtaining therequired number of pieces.5 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia,
33、PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.6 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A484/A484M 1823.1.2.3 random lengthsa length range not less than 24 in. 1 m; for example, 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m, 14 to 17 ft 4 to 5
34、m,or 15 to 20 ft 5 to 6 m.3.1.3 The terms condition and finish are defined as follows:3.1.3.1 conditionidentification of the final step or steps thermomechanical processing as required to describe the metallurgicalstate of the material as delivered. Examples include hot-worked; hot-worked and anneal
35、ed; hot-worked, annealed, and cold-workedfor increased mechanical properties; and hot-worked, quenched, and tempered.3.1.3.2 finishdescription of the surface finish and applicable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, most typicallyby identification of the process applied to the produc
36、t, and identification of the applicable category of product dimensionaltolerances. Examples of finishing operations include blasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, centerless grinding,polishing, and light cold drawing for surface finish but not for increased mechanical properties.
37、See also 8.1.1 for hot-finished barsand 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, t
38、he following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces).4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter or width and thickness as applicable, length, and prints or sketchesas applicable.4.1.3 Type or UNS designation.4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year if other than the lat
39、est edition4.1.5 Condition.4.1.6 Finish.4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked.4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from strip or plate, when applicable.4.1.9 Preparation for delivery.4.1.10 Marking requirements.4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes.4.1.12 Special requirements.
40、NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb 2000 kg; 1.000 in. 25 mm round bar by 10 to 12 ft 3 to 4 m; Type 304 or S30400;Specification A479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground; plus optional requirements, such as special marking instructions.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The mater
41、ial shall be made by any process.5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditions detailed in the applicable product specification, for example,hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed, and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.5.3 The material shall be
42、furnished in one of the finishes as detailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicable productspecification, for example, hot-finished or cold-finished.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat or Cast AnalysisThe chemical analysis of each heat shall be determined in accordance with the applicable m
43、aterialsspecification and Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a test sample taken during the pouring of the melt or from the in-processproduct later in the manufacturing flow.6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical requiremen
44、ts for each of the specified elements for the grade ordered, aslisted in the applicable product specification.6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts of elements other than those which are specified. It is neither practical nornecessary to specify limits for unspecified elements that can b
45、e present. The producer is permitted to analyze for unspecifiedelements and is permitted to report such analyses. The presence of an unspecified element and the reporting of an analysis for thatelement shall not be a basis for rejection unless the presence of that element cause the loss of a propert
46、y typically expected forthat metal, for the type and quality ordered.6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchase order a maximum limit for an individual element not specified inthe product specification. Such a requirement for an element not listed in the product specification, when
47、acknowledged in the orderacceptance, shall be treated as a specified element, with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of that analysis.6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirements for any element more stringent, that is, require higher minimums forelements having minimum r
48、equirements or ranges with minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums for elements havingspecified maximums, or ranges with maximums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemical requirements less stringent.A484/A484M 1836.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specific elements rath
49、er than groups of elements, including but not limited to allothers,rare earths, and balance, unless all elements in such a group are similar in technical effect and are associated in typicalmethods of chemical analysis.6.2 Product AnalysisWhen required, a product analysis shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table 1.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for the ordered grade to the ext
