1、Designation: A488/A488M 09Standard Practice forSteel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures andPersonnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A488/A488M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the qual
3、ification of procedures,welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steelcastings by electric arc welding.1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both theoperator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code shall automatically qualify the procedureand
4、 either or both the operator or welder under this practice.P-number designations in the ASME grouping of base metalsfor qualification may be different than the category numberslisted in Table 1. Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison ofASTM category numbers with the corresponding ASMEP-Number designa
5、tions.1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for thewelding done by his organization and shall conduct the testsrequired to qualify his welding procedures, welders, andoperators.1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a recordof welding procedure qualification tests (Fig. 1),
6、welder oroperator performance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and weldingprocedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made availableto the purchasers representative on request.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated i
7、neach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4.1 SI UnitsWithin the text, the SI units are shown inbrackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to addres
8、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A27/A27M Specifi
9、cation for Steel Castings, Carbon, forGeneral ApplicationA128/A128M Specification for Steel Castings, AusteniticManganeseA148/A148M Specification for Steel Castings, HighStrength, for Structural PurposesA216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Tempera
10、ture Ser-viceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMarte
11、nsitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forLow-Temperature ServiceA356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for SteamTurbinesA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Cast
12、ings, Alloy, Spe-cially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-TemperatureServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable forPressure ServiceA494/A4
13、94M Specification for Castings, Nickel and NickelAlloyA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless St
14、eel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A488/A488M 07.DOI: 10.1520/A0488_A0488M-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, v
15、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internationa
16、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Categories of Base MaterialsCategoryNumberMaterial Description ASTM Specification Grades1 Carbon steel (carbon less than 0.35 %, tensile strength less than orequal to 70 ksi 480 MPa).A27/A27M all gradesA21
17、6/A216M WCA, WCBA352/A352M LCB, LCAA356/A356M 1A732/A732M 1A, 2AA757/A757M A1QA958 SC 1020, SC 1025, SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045,CLASSES 65/35, 70/362 Carbon steel (tensile strength greater than 70 ksi 480 MPa). Carbon-manganese steel (tensile strength equal to or greater than 70 ksi butless than 90 k
18、si 620 MPa).A148/A148M 80-40A216/A216M WCCA352/A352M LCCA732/A732M 2Q, 3AA757/A757M A2QA958 SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045, CLASSES 80/40, 80/503 Carbon and carbon-manganese steel (tensile strength equal to orgreater than 90 ksi 620 MPa).A732/A732M 3Q, 4A, 4Q, 5NA958 SC 1045, CLASSES 90/60, 105/85, 115/9
19、54 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered.Tensile strength less than 85 ksi 585 MPa).A148/A148M 80-50A217/A217M WC1, WC4, WC5, WC6, WC9A352/A352M LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4A356/A356M 2, 5, 6, 8A389/A389M C23, C24A487/A487M 11A, 12A, 16AA757/A757M B2N, B3N, B4NA958 SC 4130, SC 4140
20、, SC 8620, SC 8625, SC 8630,CLASSES 65/35, 70/36, 80/40, 80/505 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85Tensile strength equal to or greater than 85 ksi 585 MPa). A217/A217M C5, C12, C12A, WC11A356/A356M 9, 10, 12A487/A487M 1A, 1C, 2A, 2C, 4A, 4C, 6
21、A, 8A, 9A, 9C, 10A, 13AA732/A732M 6N, 15AA757/A757M D1N1, D1N2, D1N3, E2N1, E2N2, E2N3A958 SC 4340, CLASSES 90/60, 105/856 Low-alloy steel (quenched and tempered) A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85, 115-95, 130-115, 135-125, 150-135,160-145, 165-150, 165-150L, 210-180, 210-180L,260-210, 260-210LA352/A352M LC2
22、-1, LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4, LC9A487/A487M 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 6B, 7A, 8B, 8C,9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14AA732/A732M 7Q, 8Q, 9Q, 10Q, 11Q, 12Q, 13Q, 14QA757/A757M B2Q, B3Q, B4Q, C1Q, D1Q1, D1Q2, D1Q3, E1Q,E2Q1, E2Q2, E2Q3A958 SC 4140, SC 4130, SC 4340, SC 8620, SC 8625,SC 8630,
23、 CLASSES 115/95, 130/115, 135/125, 150/135, 160/145, 165/150, 210/1807 Ferritic stainless steel A743/A743M CB-30, CC-508 Martensitic stainless steel A217/A217M CA-15A352/A352M CA6NMA356/A356M CA6NMA487/A487M CA15-A, CA15-B, CA15-C, CA15-D, CA15M-A,CA6NM-A, CA6NM-BA743/A743M CA-15, CA-15M, CA6NM, CA-
24、40, CA6N, CB6A757/A757M E3N9 Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel (carbon equal to or less than0.03 %)A351/A351M CF-3, CF-3A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN,CG3M, CN3MNA743/A743M CF-3, CF-3M, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN, CN-3M, CG3M,CN3MNA744/A744M CF-3, CF-3M, CK-3MCUN, CG3M , CN3MN10 Unstabilized austeniti
25、c stainless steel (carbon greater than 0.03 %) A351/A351M CE-8MN, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-8M, CF-10, CF-10M,CG-8M, CH-8, CH-10, CH-20, CG6MMN,CF10S1MNN, CE20NA488/A488M 092A743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA744/A744M Specifi
26、cation for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceA747/A747M Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless,Precipitation HardeningA757/A757M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applica-tions, for Low-Temperature S
27、erviceA872/A872M Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive Environ-mentsA890/A890M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex(Austenitic/Ferritic) for General ApplicationA958 Specification for Steel Castin
28、gs, Carbon and Alloy,with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Simi-lar to Standard Wrought GradesA990 Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for PressureRetaining Parts for Corrosive ServiceA995/A995M Specification for Castings,Austenitic-Ferr
29、itic(Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX2.3 American Welding Society:4ANSI/AWS 3.0 Definitions for Welding and Cutting3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms relating to welding
30、shall be in agreement with the definitions of the AmericanWelding Society, ANSI/AWS A3.0.4. Weld Orientation4.1 OrientationThe orientation of welds with respect tohorizontal and vertical planes of reference are classified intofour positions, namely, flat, horizontal, vertical, and overheadas shown i
31、n Fig. 4. Test material shall be oriented as shown inFig. 4; however, an angular deviation of 615 from thespecified horizontal and vertical planes is permitted duringwelding.4.2 Flat Position (Fig. 4(a)This position covers plate ina horizontal plane with the weld metal deposited from above,or pipe o
32、r a cylindrical casting with its axis horizontal androlled during welding so that the weld metal is deposited fromabove.4.3 Horizontal Position (Fig. 4(b)This position coversplate in a vertical plane with the axis of the weld horizontal, orpipe or a cylindrical casting with its axis vertical and the
33、 axisof the weld horizontal.4.4 Vertical Position (Fig. 4(c)In this position, the plateis in a vertical plane with the axis of the weld vertical.4.5 Overhead Position (Fig. 4(d)In this position, theplate is in a horizontal plane with the weld metal depositedfrom underneath.4.6 Horizontal Fixed Posit
34、ion (Fig. 4(e)In this position,the pipe or cylindrical casting has its axis horizontal and thewelding groove in a vertical plane. Welding shall be donewithout rotating the pipe or casting so that the weld metal isdeposited from the flat, vertical, and overhead position.4.7 QualificationQualification
35、 in the horizontal, vertical,or overhead position shall qualify also for the flat position.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550
36、 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.TABLE 1 ContinuedCategoryNumberMaterial Description ASTM Specification GradesA447/A447M Type IA743/A743M CF-8, CG-12, CF-20, CF-8M, CF-16F, CF10SMNN,CH-20, CG-8M, CE-30, CG6MMN, CH10, CF16FaA744/A744M CF-8, CF-8M, CG-8M11 Stabilized austenitic stain
37、less steel A351/A351M CF-8C, CF-10MC, CK-20, HK-30, HK-40, HT-30,CN-7M, CT-15CA447/A447M Type IIA743/A743M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS, CK-20A744/A744M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS12 Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel A351/A351M CD3MWCuN, CD-4MCUA872/A872M J93183, J93550A890/A890M 1A, 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A,
38、 6AA995/A995M 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A13 Precipitation-hardened austenitic stainless steel A747/A747M CB7CU-1, CB7CU-214 Nickel-base alloys A494/A494M CW-12MW, CY-40 Class 1, CY-40 Class 2, CZ-100,M-35-1, M-35-2, M-30C, N-12MV, N-7M, CW-6M, CW-2M, CW-6MC, CX-2MW, CU5MCUCA990 CW2M15 Steel Castings, Aus
39、tenitic Manganese A128/A128M A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, C, D, E-1, E-2, FA488/A488M 093FIG. 1 Report Form 1A488/A488M 094FIG. 2 Report Form 2A488/A488M 095REPORT FORM 3RECOMMENDED FORM FOR WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION1. TitleWelding ofAsteel castings.AIndicate general material description, such as ca
40、rbon, Cr-Mo, 12 Cr, etc.2. Specification No. Rev.Date3. Scope3.1 Procedure Specification No. covers the welding ofAsteel castings using theBwelding process.AIndicate general material description in the Title.BIndicate specific welding process, such as shielded metal arc, etc.4. Base Material4.1 The
41、base material shall conform to the specification forAwhich is found in materials category numberB.AInsert reference to ASTM designation or indicate chemical analysis andphysical properties.BIndicate category number from Table 1.4.2 Base material shall be in theAheat treated condition beforewelding.A
42、Indicate heat treatment before welding.5. Filler Metal5.1 The filler metal shall conform to ANSI/AWS SpecificationAwhich is found in weld metal analysis group AB.AIndicate appropriate American Welding Society specification number andfiller metal classification (e.g., A5.1 E7018).BIndicate A Number f
43、rom Table 4.5.2 Flux for submerged arc welding shall conform to the following nominalcomposition:A.AIndicate chemical composition or trade designation.5.3 Shielding gas for gas shielded arc welding shall conform to thefollowing nominal composition:A.AIndicate the single gas or proportional parts of
44、mixed gases and flow rates.6. Preparation of Base Material6.1 Metal removal shall be performed byA.AIndicate method of metal removal, such as chipping, grinding, carbon arccutting, frame cutting, etc. Also indicate whether preheat is required duringmetal removal.6.2 Configuration of the weld prepara
45、tion for partial penetration weldsshall conform to the following geometry:A.AIndicate minimum root radius and minimum side wall angle.6.3 Configuration of the weld preparation for full penetration welds shallconform to the following geometry:A.AIndicate minimum side wall angle.6.4 Backing plates sha
46、ll be used for welding full penetration welds.Backing plates shall be made fromAsteel and shall fit the back ofthe cavity with a minimum gap ofB.AIndicate material of backing plate.BIndicate dimension of maximum gap.6.5 Surfaces of the weld preparation shall be cleaned of all oil, grease,dirt, scale
47、, slag, shot blasting grit, or any foreign material which maybe harmful to the quality of the weld. Surfaces of backing plateswhen used shall also meet the same cleanliness requirements.6.6 All surfaces of the weld preparation shall be inspected asfollows:A.AIndicate type of inspection.7. Preheat7.1
48、 Preheat and interpass temperature shall be maintained in the rangefromAtoBduringC.AIndicate minimum temperature.BIndicate maximum temperature.CIndicate if preheat maintenance is during welding or until postweld heattreatment is performed.7.2 Preheat for tack welding of backing plates is the same as
49、 requiredfor welding.7.3 Minimum temperature before applying heat shall beA.AIndicate temperature.7.4 Local preheating to the temperatures indicated may be performedso that the heated area completely surrounds the weld preparation for aminimum distance ofAin any direction.AIndicate minimum distance for local preheating.8. Welding Position8.1 Welds shall be made in theAposition.AIndicate position or positions in which the welding will be performed. SeeFig. 4.9. Electrical Characteristics9.1 The current used shall beA. The base material shall be att
