1、Designation: A488/A488M 10 A488/A488M 12Standard Practice forSteel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures andPersonnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A488/A488M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice c
3、overs the qualification of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castingsby electric arc welding.1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both the operator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code shall automatically qualify
4、the procedure and either or both the operator or welder under this practice. P-numberdesignations in the ASME grouping of base metals for qualification may be different than the category numbers listed in Table 1.Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison of ASTM category numbers with the corresponding A
5、SME P-Number designations.1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for the welding done by his organization and shall conduct the tests requiredto qualify his welding procedures, welders, and operators.1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a record of welding procedure qualifi
6、cation tests (Fig. 1), welder or operatorperformance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and welding procedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made available to thepurchasers representative on request.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as stan
7、dard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4.1 SI UnitsWithin the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standar
8、d does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S
9、tandards:2A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General ApplicationA128/A128M Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic ManganeseA148/A148M Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural PurposesA216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fu
10、sion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for GeneralA
11、pplicationA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature ServiceA356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stai
12、nless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved April 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2012. Published April 2010December
13、 2012. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asA488/A488M 09.A488/A488M 10. DOI: 10.1520/A0488_A0488M-10.10.1520/A0488_A0488M-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
14、ok of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be techn
15、ically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
16、standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Categories of Base MaterialsCategoryNumber Material Description ASTM SpecificationGrades1 Carbon steel (carbon less than 0.35 %, tensile strength less than orequal to 70
17、ksi 480 MPa).A27/A27M all gradesA216/A216M WCA, WCBA352/A352M LCB, LCAA356/A356M 1A732/A732M 1A, 2AA757/A757M A1QA958 SC 1020, SC 1025, SC 1030, CLASSES 65/35, 70/362 Carbon steel (tensile strength greater than 70 ksi 480 MPa). Carbon-manganese steel (tensile strength equal to or greater than 70 ksi
18、 butless than 90 ksi 620 MPa).A148/A148M 80-40A216/A216M WCCA352/A352M LCCA732/A732M 2Q, 3AA757/A757M A2QA958 SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045, CLASSES 80/40, 80/503 Carbon and carbon-manganese steel (tensile strength equal to orgreater than 90 ksi 620 MPa).A732/A732M 3Q, 4A, 4Q, 5NA958 SC 1045, CLASSES 90
19、/60, 105/85, 115/954 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. Ten-sile strength less than 85 ksi 585 MPa).A148/A148M 80-50A217/A217M WC1, WC4, WC5, WC6, WC9A352/A352M LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4A356/A356M 2, 5, 6, 8A389/A389M C23, C24A487/A487M 11A, 12A, 16AA757/A757M B2N, B3N, B4NA
20、958 SC 4130, SC 4140, SC 8620, SC 8625, SC 8630,CLASSES 65/35, 70/36, 80/40, 80/505 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85Tensile strength equal to or greater than 85 ksi 585 MPa). A217/A217M C5, C12, C12A, WC11A356/A356M 9, 10, 12A487/A487M 1A, 1
21、C, 2A, 2C, 4A, 4C, 6A, 8A, 9A, 9C, 10A, 13AA732/A732M 6N, 15AA757/A757M D1N1, D1N2, D1N3, E2N1, E2N2, E2N3A958 SC 4340, CLASSES 90/60, 105/856 Low-alloy steel (quenched and tempered) A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85, 115-95, 130-115, 135-125, 150-135,160-145, 165-150, 165-150L, 210-180, 210-180L,260-210, 26
22、0-210LA352/A352M LC2-1, LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4, LC9A487/A487M 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 6B, 7A, 8B, 8C,9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14AA732/A732M 7Q, 8Q, 9Q, 10Q, 11Q, 12Q, 13Q, 14QA757/A757M B2Q, B3Q, B4Q, C1Q, D1Q1, D1Q2, D1Q3, E1Q,E2Q1, E2Q2, E2Q3A958 SC 4140, SC 4130, SC 4340, SC 86
23、20, SC 8625,SC 8630, CLASSES 115/95, 130/115, 135/125, 150/135, 160/145, 165/150, 210/1807 Ferritic stainless steel A743/A743M CB-30, CC-508 Martensitic stainless steel A217/A217M CA-15A352/A352M CA6NMA356/A356M CA6NMA487/A487M CA15-A, CA15-B, CA15-C, CA15-D, CA15M-A,CA6NM-A, CA6NM-BA743/A743M CA-15
24、, CA-15M, CA6NM, CA-40, CA6N, CB6A757/A757M E3N9 Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel (carbon equal to or less than0.03 %)A351/A351M CF-3, CF-3A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN,CG3M, CN3MNA743/A743M CF-3, CF-3M, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN, CN-3M, CG3M,CN3MNA744/A744M CF-3, CF-3M, CK-3MCUN, CG3M , CN3MN10 Un
25、stabilized austenitic stainless steel (carbon greater than 0.03 %) A351/A351M CE-8MN, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-8M, CF-10, CF-10M,CG-8M, CH-8, CH-10, CH-20, CG6MMN,CF10S1MNN, CE20NA447/A447M Type IA488/A488M 122A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA389/A389M Specification
26、for Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure S
27、erviceA494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel AlloyA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloyfor High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nic
28、kel, Corrosion Resistant, for General ApplicationA744/A744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceA747/A747M Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation HardeningA757/A757M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, f
29、or Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, forLow-Temperature ServiceA872/A872M Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive EnvironmentsA890/A890M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/F
30、erritic) for General ApplicationA958 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similar toStandard Wrought GradesA990 Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Partsfor Cor
31、rosive ServiceA995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX2.3 American Welding Society:4ANSI/AWS 3.0 Definitions for Welding and Cutting
32、3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms relating to welding shall be in agreement with the definitions of the American WeldingSociety, ANSI/AWS A3.0.3 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990,
33、http:/www.asme.org.4 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.TABLE 1 ContinuedCategoryNumber Material Description ASTM SpecificationGradesA743/A743M CF-8, CG-12, CF-20, CF-8M, CF-16F, CF10SMNN,CH-20, CG-8M, CE-30, CG6MMN, CH10, CF16FaA744
34、/A744M CF-8, CF-8M, CG-8M11 Stabilized austenitic stainless steel A297/A297M HG10MNM11 Stabilized austenitic stainless steel A351/A351M CF-8C, CF-10MC, CK-20, HK-30, HK-40, HT-30,A351/A351M CF-8C, CF-10MC, CK-20, HK-30, HK-40, HT-30,CN-7M, CT-15CA447/A447M Type IIA743/A743M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS, CK-
35、20A744/A744M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS12 Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel A351/A351M CD3MWCuN, CD-4MCUA872/A872M J93183, J93550A890/A890M 1A, 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6AA995/A995M 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A13 Precipitation-hardened austenitic stainless steel A747/A747M CB7CU-1, CB7CU-214 Nickel-base a
36、lloys A494/A494M CW-12MW, CY-40 Class 1, CY-40 Class 2, CZ-100,M-35-1, M-35-2, M-30C, N-12MV, N-7M, CW-6M, CW-2M, CW-6MC, CX-2MW, CU5MCUCA990 CW2M15 Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese A128/A128M A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, C, D, E-1, E-2, FA488/A488M 123FIG. 1 Report Form 1A488/A488M 124FIG. 2 Report F
37、orm 2A488/A488M 125REPORT FORM 3RECOMMENDED FORM FOR WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION1. TitleWelding of A steel castings.A Indicate general material description, such as carbon, Cr-Mo, 12 Cr, etc.2. Specification No. Rev.Date3. Scope3.1 Procedure Specification No. covers the welding ofAsteel castings
38、 using theB welding process.A Indicate general material description in the Title.B Indicate specific welding process, such as shielded metal arc, etc.4. Base Material4.1 The base material shall conform to the specification forAwhich is found in materials category numberB .A Insert reference to ASTM
39、designation or indicate chemical analysis andphysical properties.B Indicate category number from Table 1.4.2 Base material shall be in theA heat treated condition beforewelding.A Indicate heat treatment before welding.5. Filler Metal5.1 The filler metal shall conform to ANSI/AWS SpecificationAwhich
40、is found in weld metal analysis group A B.A Indicate appropriate American Welding Society specification number andfiller metal classification (e.g., A5.1 E7018).B Indicate A Number from Table 4.5.2 Flux for submerged arc welding shall conform to the following nominalcomposition:A .A Indicate chemica
41、l composition or trade designation.5.3 Shielding gas for gas shielded arc welding shall conform to thefollowing nominal composition: A .A Indicate the single gas or proportional parts of mixed gases and flow rates.6. Preparation of Base Material6.1 Metal removal shall be performed byA .A Indicate me
42、thod of metal removal, such as chipping, grinding, carbon arccutting, frame cutting, etc. Also indicate whether preheat is required duringmetal removal.6.2 Configuration of the weld preparation for partial penetration weldsshall conform to the following geometry:A .A Indicate minimum root radius and
43、 minimum side wall angle.6.3 Configuration of the weld preparation for full penetration welds shallconform to the following geometry:A .A Indicate minimum side wall angle.6.4 Backing plates shall be used for welding full penetration welds.Backing plates shall be made fromA steel and shall fit the ba
44、ck ofthe cavity with a minimum gap ofB .A Indicate material of backing plate.B Indicate dimension of maximum gap.6.5 Surfaces of the weld preparation shall be cleaned of all oil, grease,dirt, scale, slag, shot blasting grit, or any foreign material which maybe harmful to the quality of the weld. Sur
45、faces of backing plateswhen used shall also meet the same cleanliness requirements.6.6 All surfaces of the weld preparation shall be inspected asfollows:A .A Indicate type of inspection.7. Preheat7.1 Preheat and interpass temperature shall be maintained in the rangefromA toB during C.A Indicate mini
46、mum temperature.B Indicate maximum temperature.C Indicate if preheat maintenance is during welding or until postweld heattreatment is performed.7.2 Preheat for tack welding of backing plates is the same as requiredfor welding.7.3 Minimum temperature before applying heat shall beA .A Indicate tempera
47、ture.7.4 Local preheating to the temperatures indicated may be performedso that the heated area completely surrounds the weld preparation for aminimum distance ofA in any direction.A Indicate minimum distance for local preheating.8. Welding Position8.1 Welds shall be made in theA position.A Indicate
48、 position or positions in which the welding will be performed. SeeFig. 4.9. Electrical Characteristics9.1 The current used shall be A. The base material shall be attachedto the B welding electrode lead.A Indicate whether direct or alternating current. If direct, state whethernon-pulsed or pulsed. If
49、 pulsed, state frequency.B Indicate whether electrode positive (EP) or electrode negative (EN) outputterminal of power supply is used.ElectrodeWireDiameterA AmperageA RangeA VoltageAA Indicate for each diameter of electrode, the amperage, the range ofamperage permitted, and the voltage requirements. For welding processesusing wire, indicate wire diameter, wire feed speed, and current requirements.9.2 Electrodes subject to moisture absorption must be stored and handledto maintain dryness according to the following:A .A Where applicable, indicate electrode c
