1、Designation: A488/A488M 16Standard Practice forSteel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures andPersonnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A488/A488M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the
3、 qualification of procedures,welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steelcastings by electric arc welding.1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both theoperator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code shall automatically qualify the procedu
4、reand either or both the operator or welder under this practice.P-number designations in the ASME grouping of base metalsfor qualification may be different than the category numberslisted in Table 1. Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison ofASTM category numbers with the corresponding ASMEP-Number de
5、signations.1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for thewelding done by his organization and shall conduct the testsrequired to qualify his welding procedures, welders, andoperators.1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a recordof welding procedure qualification tests (Fig.
6、 1), welder oroperator performance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and weldingprocedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made availableto the purchasers representative on request.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values sta
7、ted ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4.1 SI UnitsWithin the text, the SI units are shown inbrackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to a
8、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A27/A27M Sp
9、ecification for Steel Castings, Carbon, forGeneral ApplicationA128/A128M Specification for Steel Castings, AusteniticManganeseA148/A148M Specification for Steel Castings, HighStrength, for Structural PurposesA216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-able for Fusion Welding, for High-
10、Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant,for General ApplicationA351/A351M S
11、pecification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forLow-Temperature ServiceA356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, LowAlloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled
12、for Steam Tur-binesA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Spe-cially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-I
13、ron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-TemperatureServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable forPressure Service1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Cu
14、rrent edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A488/A488M 12.DOI: 10.1520/A0488_A0488M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
15、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 C
16、ategories of Base MaterialsCategoryNumberMaterial DescriptionASTMSpecificationGrades1 Carbon steel (carbon less than0.35 %, tensile strength lessA27/A27M all gradesthan or equal to 70 ksi 480 MPa) A216/A216M WCA, WCBA352/A352M LCB, LCAA356/A356M 1A732/A732M 1A, 2AA757/A757M A1QA958 SC 1020, SC 1025,
17、 SC 1030, CLASSES 65/35,70/362 Carbon steel (tensile strengthgreater than 70 ksi 480 MPa).A148/A148M 80-40Carbon-manganese steel (tensilestrength equal to or greater than70 ksiA216/A216M WCCbut less than 90 ksi 620 MPa). A352/A352M LCCA732/A732M 2Q, 3AA757/A757M A2QA958 SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045, CL
18、ASSES 80/40,80/503 Carbon and carbon-manganesesteel (tensile strength equal to orA732/A732M 3Q, 4A, 4Q, 5Ngreater than 90 ksi 620 MPa). A958 SC 1045, CLASSES 90/60, 105/85, 115/954 Low-alloy steel (annealed,normalized, or normalized andtempered.A148/A148M 80-50Tensile strength less than 85 ksi585 MP
19、a).A217/A217M WC1, WC4, WC5, WC6, WC9A352/A352M LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4A356/A356M 2, 5, 6, 8A389/A389M C23, C24A487/A487M 11A, 12A, 16AA757/A757M B2N, B3N, B4NA958 SC 4130, SC 4140, SC 8620, SC 8625, SC 8630,CLASSES 65/35, 70/36, 80/40, 80/505 Low-alloy steel (annealed,normalized, or normalized andtemper
20、ed.A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85Tensile strength equal to or greaterthan 85 ksi 585 MPa).A217/A217M C5, C12, C12A, WC11A356/A356M 9, 10, 12A487/A487M 1A, 1C, 2A, 2C, 4A, 4C, 6A, 8A, 9A, 9C, 10A,13AA732/A732M 6N, 15AA757/A757M D1N1, D1N2, D1N3, E2N1, E2N2, E2N3A958 SC 4340, CLASSES 90/60, 105/856 Low-allo
21、y steel (quenched andtempered)A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85, 115-95, 130-115, 135-125,150-135, 160-145, 165-150, 165-150L, 210-180,210-180L, 260-210, 260-210LA352/A352M LC2-1, LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4, LC9A487/A487M 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 6B, 7A, 8B, 8C,9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14AA732/
22、A732M 7Q, 8Q, 9Q, 10Q, 11Q, 12Q, 13Q, 14QA757/A757M B2Q, B3Q, B4Q, C1Q, D1Q1, D1Q2, D1Q3, E1Q,E2Q1, E2Q2, E2Q3A958 SC 4140, SC 4130, SC 4340, SC 8620, SC 8625,SC 8630, CLASSES 115/95, 130/115, 135/125,150/135, 160/145, 165/150, 210/1807 Ferritic stainless steel A743/A743M CB-30, CC-508 Martensitic s
23、tainless steel A217/A217M CA-15A352/A352M CA6NMA356/A356M CA6NMA487/A487M CA15-A, CA15-B, CA15-C, CA15-D, CA15M-A,CA6NM-A, CA6NM-BA488/A488M 162A494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and NickelAlloyA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Appl
24、ication, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA744/A744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceA747/A747M Spec
25、ification for Steel Castings, Stainless,Precipitation HardeningA757/A757M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pressure-Containing and OtherApplications, for Low-Temperature ServiceA872/A872M Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for
26、Corrosive Environ-mentsA890/A890M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex(Austenitic/Ferritic) for General ApplicationA958 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy,with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Simi-lar to Standard Wrought
27、GradesA990 Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium andNickelAlloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure RetainingParts for Corrosive ServiceA995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic(Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engin
28、eers:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 ContinuedCategoryNumberMaterial DescriptionASTMSpecificationGradesA743/A743M CA-
29、15, CA-15M, CA6NM, CA-40, CA6N, CB6A757/A757M E3N9 Low-carbon austenitic stainlesssteel (carbon equal to or less than0.03 %)A351/A351M CF-3, CF-3A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-3MN,CK-3MCUN, CG3M, CN3MNA743/A743M CF-3, CF-3M, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN, CN-3M,CG3M, CN3MNA744/A744M CF-3, CF-3M, CK-3MCUN, CG3M, CN3MN10 Un
30、stabilized austenitic stainlesssteel (carbon greater than 0.03 %)A351/A351M CF-8, CF-8A, CF-8M, CF-10, CF-10M, CG-8M,CH-8, CH-10, CH-20, CG6MMN, CF10SMNN,CE20NA447/A447M Type IA743/A743M CF-8, CG-12, CF-20, CF-8M, CF-16F,CF10SMNN, CH-20, CG-8M, CE-30, CG6MMN,CH10, CF16FaA744/A744M CF-8, CF-8M, CG-8M
31、11 Stabilized austenitic stainless steel A297/A297M HG10MNMA351/A351M CF-8C, CF-10MC, CK-20, HK-30, HK-40, HT-30,CN-7M, CT-15CA447/A447M Type IIA743/A743M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS, CK-20A744/A744M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS12 Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainlesssteelA872/A872M J93183, J93550A890/A890M 1A, 1
32、B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6AA995/A995M 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A13 Precipitation-hardened austeniticstainless steelA747/A747M CB7CU-1, CB7CU-214 Nickel-base alloys A494/A494M CW-12MW, CY-40 Class 1, CY-40 Class 2,CZ-100, M-35-1, M-35-2, M-30C, N-12MV, N-7M,CW-6M, CW-2M, CW-6MC, CX-2MW, CU5MCUCA990 CW2M15 Stee
33、l Castings, Austenitic Manga-neseA128/A128M A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, C, D, E-1, E-2, FA488/A488M 163FIG. 1 Report Form 1A488/A488M 164FIG. 2 Report Form 2A488/A488M 165REPORT FORM 3RECOMMENDED FORM FOR WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION1. TitleWelding ofAsteel castings.AIndicate general material descript
34、ion, such as carbon, Cr-Mo, 12 Cr, etc.2. Specification No. Rev.Date3. Scope3.1 Procedure Specification No. covers the welding ofAsteel castings using theBwelding process.AIndicate general material description in the Title.BIndicate specific welding process, such as shielded metal arc, etc.4. Base M
35、aterial4.1 The base material shall conform to the specification forAwhich is found in materials category numberB.AInsert reference to ASTM designation or indicate chemical analysis andphysical properties.BIndicate category number from Table 1.4.2 Base material shall be in theAheat treated condition
36、beforewelding.AIndicate heat treatment before welding.5. Filler Metal5.1 The filler metal shall conform to ANSI/AWS SpecificationAwhich is found in weld metal analysis group AB.AIndicate appropriate American Welding Society specification number andfiller metal classification (e.g., A5.1 E7018).BIndi
37、cate A Number from Table 4.5.2 Flux for submerged arc welding shall conform to the following nominalcomposition:A.AIndicate chemical composition or trade designation.5.3 Shielding gas for gas shielded arc welding shall conform to thefollowing nominal composition:A.AIndicate the single gas or proport
38、ional parts of mixed gases and flow rates.6. Preparation of Base Material6.1 Metal removal shall be performed byA.AIndicate method of metal removal, such as chipping, grinding, carbon arccutting, frame cutting, etc. Also indicate whether preheat is required duringmetal removal.6.2 Configuration of t
39、he weld preparation for partial penetration weldsshall conform to the following geometry:A.AIndicate minimum root radius and minimum side wall angle.6.3 Configuration of the weld preparation for full penetration welds shallconform to the following geometry:A.AIndicate minimum side wall angle.6.4 Bac
40、king plates shall be used for welding full penetration welds.Backing plates shall be made fromAsteel and shall fit the back ofthe cavity with a minimum gap ofB.AIndicate material of backing plate.BIndicate dimension of maximum gap.6.5 Surfaces of the weld preparation shall be cleaned of all oil, gre
41、ase,dirt, scale, slag, shot blasting grit, or any foreign material which maybe harmful to the quality of the weld. Surfaces of backing plateswhen used shall also meet the same cleanliness requirements.6.6 All surfaces of the weld preparation shall be inspected asfollows:A.AIndicate type of inspectio
42、n.7. Preheat7.1 Preheat and interpass temperature shall be maintained in the rangefromAtoBduringC.AIndicate minimum temperature.BIndicate maximum temperature.CIndicate if preheat maintenance is during welding or until postweld heattreatment is performed.7.2 Preheat for tack welding of backing plates
43、 is the same as requiredfor welding.7.3 Minimum temperature before applying heat shall beA.AIndicate temperature.7.4 Local preheating to the temperatures indicated may be performedso that the heated area completely surrounds the weld preparation for aminimum distance ofAin any direction.AIndicate mi
44、nimum distance for local preheating.8. Welding Position8.1 Welds shall be made in theAposition.AIndicate position or positions in which the welding will be performed. SeeFig. 4.9. Electrical Characteristics9.1 The current used shall beA. The base material shall be attachedto theBwelding electrode le
45、ad.AIndicate whether direct or alternating current. If direct, state whethernon-pulsed or pulsed. If pulsed, state frequency.BIndicate whether electrode positive (EP) or electrode negative (EN) outputterminal of power supply is used.ElectrodeWireDiameterAAmperageARangeAVoltageAAIndicate for each dia
46、meter of electrode, the amperage, the range ofamperage permitted, and the voltage requirements. For welding processesusing wire, indicate wire diameter, wire feed speed, and current requirements.9.2 Electrodes subject to moisture absorption must be stored and handledto maintain dryness according to
47、the following:A.AWhere applicable, indicate electrode care instructions.10. Welding Details10.1 The width of any pass of welding shall not exceedAtimesthe size of the filler metal used.AIndicate the number for controlling the maximum width.10.2 Craters shall be properly filled before each interrupti
48、on of the arc.10.3 Slag or flux shall be removed on any bead before depositing thenext successive bead.10.4 Interpass inspection shall be performed according to the following:A.AIndicate degree of interpass inspection required.10.5 Peening shall be performed according to the following:A.AIndicate th
49、e degree of peening required. Indicate any limits on peeningfirst and last layers.11. Post-Weld Heat Treatment11.1 Post-weld heat treatment shall consist of the following:A.AIndicate the heating and cooking rates, holding temperatures and times.12. Inspection12.1 Inspection of the completed weld shall be performed according tothe following:A.AIndicate degree of inspection.FIG. 3 Report Form 3A488/A488M 1662.3 American Welding Society:4ANSI/AWS 3.0 Definitions for Welding and Cutting3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms relating to weldingshall be
