1、Designation: A 490 08bAmerican Association StateHighway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: M 253Standard Specification forStructural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi MinimumTensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 490; the number immediately follow
2、ing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approve
3、d for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of quenched andtempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts having atensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi.1.2 These bolts are intended for use in structural connec-tions. These connections are cover
4、ed under the requirements ofthe Specification for Structural Joints Using SpecificationA 325 or A 490 bolts, approved by the Research Council onStructural Connections; endorsed by the American Institute ofSteel Construction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.21.3 The bolts are furnished in siz
5、es12 to 112 in., inclusive.They are designated by type denoting chemical composition asfollows:Type DescriptionType 1 Medium carbon alloy steelType 2 Withdrawn in 2002Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 This specification provides that heavy hex structuralbolts shall be furnished unless other dimensional req
6、uirementsare specified on the purchase order.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.6 For metric bolts, see Specification A 490M Classes 10.9and 10.9.31.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other
7、units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to theTest Methods portion, Section 12 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the u
8、serof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService,
9、 or BothA 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered AlloySteel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-ersA 490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts,Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Str
10、uctural Steel Joints (Metric)A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle
11、TestingE 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discont
12、inuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF 959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF 1136 Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protec-tive Coatings for FastenersF 1136M Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion P
13、ro-tective Coatings for Fasteners (Metric)F 1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersG 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels1This specification is under
14、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 490 08a.2Availabl
15、e from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informatio
16、n, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.
17、6 Fasteners for Use in Structural ApplicationsB18.24 Part Identification Number (PIN) Code SystemStandard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 SAE Standard:5SAE J121 Decarburization in Hardened and TemperedThreaded Fasteners2.4 IFI Standard:6IFI 144 Test Evaluation Procedures for Coating Qualifica-tion Inte
18、nded for Use on High-Strength Bolts3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this speci-fication shall include the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories );3.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch,and bolt length. The thread
19、length shall not be changed;3.1.3 Name of product: heavy hex structural bolts, or othersuch bolts as specified;3.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified,either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at the suppliersoption;3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.6 Other component
20、s such as nuts, washers, and washer-type direct tension indicators, if required;3.1.7 Test Reports, if required (see Section 15); and3.1.8 Protective coating per Specification F 1136, Grade 3,if required. See 4.3.3.1.9 Special requirements.3.1.10 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeAS
21、ME B18.24.NOTE 1A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces 18 in.dia 3 4 in. long heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A 490 02; eachwith two hardened washers, ASTM F 436 Type 1; and one heavy hex nut,ASTM A 563 Grade DH.3.2 Recommended Nuts:3.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of S
22、pecificationA 563 are the recommended nuts for use with SpecificationA 490 heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of the classand have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish1, plain (uncoated) A 563DH, DH3 plain (uncoated)1, coated in accor
23、dancewith Specification F 1136, Grade 3A 563coated in accordance withSpecification F 1136, Grade 5.3, weathering steel A 563DH3, weathering steel3.2.2 Alternatively, nuts conforming to Specification A 194/A 194M Gr. 2H plain (uncoated) are considered a suitablesubstitute for use with Specification A
24、 490 Type 1 heavy hexstructural bolts.3.3 Recommended WashersWashers conforming to Speci-fication F 436 are the recommended washers for use withSpecification A 490 heavy hex structural bolts. The washersshall have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish1,
25、 plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith F 1136, Grade 3plain, coated in accordancewith F 1136, Grade 33, weathering steel weathering steel3.4 Other AccessoriesWhen compressible washer typedirect tension indicators are specified to be used with thesebolts, they shall conform to
26、Specification F 959 Type 490.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat TreatmentType 1 and Type 3 bolts shall be heattreated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature andthen tempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than800F.4.2 ThreadingThe threads shall be cut or rolled.4.3 Protecti
27、ve Coatings:4.3.1 When a protective coating is required and specified,the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum CorrosionProtective Coatings in accordance with Specification F 1136,Grade 3. This coating has been qualified based on the findingsof an investigation founded on IFI 144.74.3.2 No other
28、 metallic coatings are permitted unless autho-rized by Committee F16. Future consideration of any coatingwill be based on results of testing performed in accordancewith the procedures in IFI 144, and submitted to CommitteeF16 for review (See note 2).NOTE 2For more detail see the H. E. Townsend Repor
29、t “Effects ofZinc Coatings on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlementof LowAlloy Steel,” published in Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 6,April1975.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to thechemical composition specified in Table 1. The steel shallcont
30、ain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloysteel (see Note 3).NOTE 3Steel is considered to be alloy by the American Iron and SteelInstitute when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;4Available
31、 from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.6Available from Industrial Fast
32、ener Institute, (IFI), 6363 Oak Tree Boulevard,Independence, OH 44131. http:/www.industrial-fasteners.org.7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: F161001.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 BoltsElement Heat Analys
33、is, % ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.300.48 0.280.50For size 112 in. 0.350.53 0.330.55Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying Elements See 5.1 A 490 08b2silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the f
34、ollowing elements is specified orrequired within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloysteels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any otheralloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect
35、.5.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to thechemical composition requirements in Table 2. See GuideG 101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosionresistance of low alloy steel.5.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representingeach lot shall conform to the product ana
36、lysis requirementsspecified in Tables 1 and 2, as applicable.5.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, orlead has been intentionally added shall not be used for boltsfurnished to this specification. Compliance with this require-ment shall be based on certification that steels having
37、theseelements intentionally added were not used.5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 HardnessThe bolts shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.6.2 Tensile Properties:6.2.1 Except as permitted i
38、n 6.2.2 for long bolts and 6.2.3for short bolts, sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length of 214D and longer and sizes larger than 1.00 in. having a length of3D and longer shall be wedge tested full size and shall conformto the minimum and maximum wedge tensile load, and proofload or alternative p
39、roof load specified in Table 4. The loadachieved during proof load testing shall be equal to or greaterthan the specified proof load.6.2.2 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 5. Whe
40、n boltsare tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods,the full-size test shall take precedence.6.2.3 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length shorter than214 D down to 2D, inclusive, that cannot be wedge tensiletested shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conformto the mi
41、nimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proofload specified in Table 4. Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having alength shorter than 2D that cannot be axially tensile tested shallbe qualified on the basis of hardness.6.2.4 For bolts on which hardness and tension tests areperformed, acceptance based
42、 on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.7. Carburization/Decarburization7.1 This test is intended to evaluate the presence or absenceof carburization and decarburization as determined by thedifference in microhardness near the surface and core.7.2 Requirem
43、ents:7.2.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of acarburized surface when evaluated in accordance with 12.2.7.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization inSAE J121 for Class 2/3H materials when evaluated in accor-dance with
44、 12.2.8. Dimensions8.1 Head and Body:8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, bolts shall conform to thedimensions for heavy hex structural bolts specified in ASMEB18.2.6.8.1.2 The thread length shall not be changed from thatspecified in ASME B18.2.6 for heavy hex structural bolts.Bolts requiring thread le
45、ngths other than those required by thisspecification shall be ordered under Specification A 354 Gr.BD.8.2 ThreadsThreads shall be the Unified Coarse ThreadSeries as specified in ASME B1.1 and shall have Class 2Atolerances.9. Workmanship9.1 The allowable limits, inspection, and evaluation of thesurfa
46、ce discontinuities, quench cracks, forging cracks, headbursts, shear bursts, seams, folds, thread laps, voids, toolmarks, nicks, and gouges shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation F 788/F 788M.10. Magnetic Particle Inspection for LongitudinalDiscontinuities and Transverse Cracks10.1 Requirements:
47、10.1.1 Each sample representative of the lot shall be mag-netic particle inspected for longitudinal discontinuities andtransverse cracks.10.1.2 The lot, as represented by the sample, shall be freefrom nonconforming bolts, as defined in Specification F 788/F 788M, when inspected in accordance with 10
48、.2.1-10.2.3.10.2 Inspection Procedure:10.2.1 The inspection sample shall be selected at randomfrom each lot in accordance with Guide F 1470 and examinedfor longitudinal discontinuities and transverse cracks.10.2.2 Magnetic particle inspection shall be conducted inaccordance with Guide E 709 or Pract
49、ice E 1444. Guide E 709shall be used for referee purposes. If any nonconforming boltis found during the manufacturers examination of the lotselected in 10.2.1, the lot shall be 100 % magnetic particleinspected, and all nonconforming bolts shall be removed andscrapped or destroyed.10.2.3 Eddy current or liquid penetrant inspection shall bean acceptable substitute for the 100 % magnetic particleTABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %CarbonSizes 0.75 in. and smaller 0.200.53 0.190.55Sizes larger
